China Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui (Jinzhai) and Zhejiang (Fumushan). Mountain slopes, valleys, forests or thickets, 200-2 100 m above sea level. Type specimens were collected from the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Fruit can be eaten fresh or brewed.
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Basic introduction to Chinese scientific name: Vitis amurensis. Other names: Vitis amurensis, Long Mu, Tobacco and Black World: Plant Kingdom: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous Plants: Rhamnaceae: Grape Family? Genus: Vitis: Vitis amurensis? Named after HeNian: Rupr. , 1857 morphological characteristics, main varieties, growth environment, habitat, propagation methods, cultivation techniques, soil preparation, colonization, fertilization, pruning, pest control, main values and morphological characteristics of woody vines. Branchlets are cylindrical and hairless, and twigs are sparsely covered with spider-like fluff. Tendrils have 2-3 branches, and every 2 nodes are opposite to leaves. Leaves broadly ovate, 6-24 cm long, 5-2 1 cm wide, 3-sparse, 5-shallow or middle-cleft, or undivided. Leaf tip or middle lobe is pointed or acuminate, lobes often contract or widen at intervals, and the gap is round, and the gap is slightly pointed or obtuse. The leaves are heart-shaped, the base notch is round or obtuse, and there are 28- ones on both sides of the edge. There are 5 basal veins, 5-6 pairs of lateral veins of midvein, which are obviously or slightly concave above, protruding below, and obvious below reticular veins, except for the last level venules, which are more or less prominent, often pubescent or shed, with little hair; The petiole is 4- 14 cm long, which is covered with spider's filamentous villi at first and then falls off without hair. Stipules membranous, brown, 4-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, with blunt apex and entire margin. Panicle is scattered, opposite to leaves, with well-developed branches at the base, 5- 13 cm long, and is often first fluffy by spiders and then shed less hair; Pedicel 2-6 mm long, glabrous; The flower bud is obovate, with a height of 1.5-30mm and a round top; Calyx discoid, 0.2-0.3 mm high, almost entire, glabrous; Petals 5, hat-shaped debonding; 5 stamens, filiform filaments, 0.9-2 mm long, yellow anthers, ovoid, 0.4-0.6 mm long, obviously short stamens, female flowers aborted; Disk developed, 5-lobed, 0.3-0.5 mm high; Pistil 1, ovary conical, style obvious, base slightly thicker, stigma slightly enlarged. Fruit diameter1-1.5 cm; Seeds obovate, slightly concave at the top and short beaked at the base. The hilum is oval in the middle of the back of the seed, with slightly protruding ridges on the ventral surface, and narrow cavities on both sides are strip-shaped and reach the middle or near the top of the seed. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-September. Vitis amurensis rupr. var. descristaskvorts, the main cultivar, differs from the original variety in that the leaf depth is 3-5 and the fruit diameter is smaller, 0.8- 1 cm. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-September. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Hebei. 50-200 meters above sea level. The model specimens were collected from Heilongjiang (Daxinganling). The growing environment of Vitis amurensis does not require high soil conditions, and all kinds of soil can grow well. But the soil with good drainage and deep soil layer is the best. The characteristics of Vitis amurensis are drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging. Origin: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui (Jinzhai) and Zhejiang (Fumu Mountain) in China. Mountain slopes, valleys, forests or thickets, 200-2 100 m above sea level. Propagation method Cutting propagation method is the main method of propagation of Vitis amurensis seedlings. It can be divided into green cutting and hard cutting, with hard cutting as the main one. Hard-branch cutting is to cut annual branches with full buds at the top with the length of 16- 18 cm trimmed in winter. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat, the cut is about 1 cm on the bud, and the lower end is cut obliquely to form more than two cuttings. Keep the top bud of the cutting and cut off the bottom bud. Before cutting, α-caproic acid 150mg/kg was used to treat α-caproic acid 16-24h, and the temperature was kept at 15-20℃. Cutting seedbed can be used as an electric hotbed or a fire-resistant hotbed. Cutting time is from the end of March to the beginning of April. The temperature of the cutting seedbed is 28-30℃ in the early stage (about 20 days after cutting), and the suitable temperature and humidity are ensured in the middle stage (25-45 days after cutting). The later stage (45-60 days after cutting) is the hardening stage, and the water and temperature should be properly controlled for transplanting in the open field. Cultivation techniques: deep tillage and ripening: deep tillage in the whole garden in autumn one year before planting, with a depth of 50 cm. If the whole garden can't be turned deep, planting ditches or pits should be dug, with a depth of 50-80 cm and a width of 60-80 cm. Planting time: autumn one year before planting. Methods: It can be carried out simultaneously with garden deep ploughing and ripening. Planting ditches are generally required to be 50-80 cm deep and 60-80 cm wide. In the garden with fertile soil and deep soil layer, planting holes can also be dug, which can be square or round, 60×60 cm wide and 50 cm deep. The specific method is: pile the surface soil and the lower raw soil on both sides respectively, and backfill the surface soil first. When the topsoil is insufficient, the topsoil between rows can be filled to two-thirds of the whole ditch, mixed with decomposed organic fertilizer, and raw soil can be filled in the upper layer or between rows. After backfilling, the planting ditch is higher than the row. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer can be used if conditions permit. The application amount of organic fertilizer is more than 5 tons per mu; The fertilization amount is 30-40 kg of ammonium nitrate, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of potassium chloride per mu. The application depth is below 30 cm. Pruning, shaping and pruning methods are as follows: two new shoots are left to grow upward in the year of seedling planting, and three mature new shoots after defoliation in autumn form a fixed main vine, which is generally cut off at the fully mature bud eye, with a height of about 60-70 cm. After the second year of germination, the branches within 30 cm from the ground will be pulled out when they are timid. Choose a stout new branch on each node of the mother branch and erase the weak from the twin branches. Secondary branches will be picked at 1-3 leaves, and new branches will be picked at 8- 10 leaves. In mid-August, the elongated branches were cored. After defoliation in the winter of the following year, 2-3 buds are left on the annual branches of each main vine for short-tip pruning, and 8- 10 buds are left on the extended branches for pruning, with a length of 60-70 cm. After germination in the spring of the third year, the treatment of secondary branches is the same as that in the second year. When pruning in winter after defoliation in autumn, the pruning length of branches is about 0.6-0.8 m, resulting in the pruning length of mother branches of 2-3 knots. In order to make young trees mainly long trees and not bear too much fruit, only the lowest fruiting mother branch (closest to the main vine) is left on the lateral vine, and 2-3 buds are left for short cutting. After entering the peak of fruiting, the pruning method of fruiting group is carried out on the lateral vines. The pruning in the fourth year is the same as that in the third year, except that the extended branches continue to be pruned. At this point, the plastic trimming is completed. Downy mildew is the most serious disease in pest control. The main pests are Cerambycidae, coccidia and leaf weevil. Prevention and control methods: Amisi has good protective and preventive effects. In order to have a better effect, it should be applied before the onset. It is suggested to apply pesticide three times per grape production cycle: the first time is before grape flowering (mid-April); The second time is in the grape withering period-young fruit period (mid-May); The third time was before bagging grapes (early June). Pesticides for pest control should be used in turn to reduce drug resistance and improve control effect. The main value of this fruit is that it can be eaten fresh or brewed for drinking.