Introduction to Confucius

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Kong, whose given name was Qiu, and whose courtesy name was Zhong. Ni, a native of Zou Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of the state of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his ancestral home in Liyi (now Xiayi, Henan Province) of the Song Dynasty, was an ancient Chinese thinker, educator, and founder of the Confucian school. He created a culture of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and trustworthiness.

Confucius once led some of his disciples to travel around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for advice and had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius".

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1. Achievements in Confucius’ moral thought:

Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of “morality”: at the individual level he advocated “benevolence, The virtues and virtues of "propriety". [30] The ideological system of virtue and morality is based on the theory of human nature and goodness ("one yin and one yang are called Tao, followed by goodness, and completed by nature"), with the purpose of establishing human poles ("the way of three poles") In the end, the way of humanity, the way of heaven, and the way of earth are connected, and the moderation of humanity turns into a complete ideological system of methodology in due course.

Confucius’ theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of humanity, while Confucius’ theory of etiquette embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is an eternal theme of mankind and is applicable to any society, any era, and any society, while order and institutional society are the basic requirements for the establishment of a human civilized society. Confucius's spirit of humanism and order is the essence of ancient Chinese social and political thought.

The highest ideal of Confucius in his later years was called "Great Harmony". In the world of Great Harmony, people in the world not only regard their own family members as relatives, not only love their own parents and children, but also love each other. Respect and love everyone in the world.

Let the old age have a happy life, the strong have usefulness, children can get warmth and care, lonely people and disabled people have someone to rely on, men each have their own things, and women have a satisfactory destination. There are no deceivers or thieves in the world, no items are picked up on the road, no doors are closed at night, everyone is trustworthy and cultivates harmony, selects talents and promotes talents, the path is followed, and the world is fair.

2. Monographs:

1. Compilation of documents

Confucius devoted himself to education in his later years, compiling "Poems", "Books", "Rites" and "Music", with a preface "The Book of Changes" (called the Ten Wings of the Book of Changes, or the Book of Changes), and the author of the "Spring and Autumn Annals". Later generations collectively called it the "Six Classics".

2. Poetry Creation

It is said that Confucius composed "Qu Lu Song", "Chu Song", "Guishan Cao", "Pan Cao", "Yilan Cao" and "Jianggui Cao" "" Huolin Song" and other poems. Most of these poems are published in "Collection of Yuefu Poems", so their credibility is not high.

Reference materials:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Introduction to Confucius

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), His surname was Kong, his given name was Qiu, and his given name was Zhongni. Later generations were respectfully called Confucius or Kongfuzi. Born in Zouyi, Lu State, his ancestors were from the Song State. He was an educator and philosopher in the Lu State at the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. He once held important official positions in the Lu State.

Confucius is the founder of Confucianism. His theory of virtue and the Five Elements (benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom, trust) had a profound impact on neighboring regions, such as the Korean Peninsula, Ryukyu, Japan, Vietnam, Southeast Asia, etc., and these regions have also been It is called the Confucian cultural circle.

When Confucius was alive, he was known as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". It was initiated by Dong Zhongshu and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the policy of "exclusively respecting Confucianism". Later rulers or Confucian believers successively honored him with this title. Confucius is a saint, a literary sage, a sage, a sage teacher, a great sage teacher, and a model for all generations.

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In the Spring and Autumn Period where Confucius lived, the political system of Western Zhou society based on blood clans (nations) collapsed, and the downward view of China based on cultural identity began to take shape. . Some people began to think about issues such as the way of heaven, life, and world order. The cultural education originally monopolized by the aristocracy was gradually flowing into the people.

Confucius was one of the representatives of the spirit of this era, and was the first of all the schools of thought in the Warring States Period. "Yi Zhuan", "Spring and Autumn", "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius" are the main works to understand his own thoughts.

Confucius founded the Book of Changes, and he was the first to propose the "theory of goodness of nature" ("one yin and one yang are called Tao, what follows is goodness, and what is achieved is nature") as his "benevolence theory" On the basis of philosophy, he debated benevolence and righteousness, "dividing yin and yang, and using softness and hardness over and over again."

Baidu Encyclopedia - Introduction to Confucius

Introduction to Confucius:

Confucius, a native of Lu, was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC , died at the age of 73. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni. A great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was the founder of Confucianism. He proposed the idea of ??"benevolence" and was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.

He is determined to learn and is knowledgeable and versatile.

He created a trend of private lectures and recruited many disciples, regardless of wealth or poverty. It is said that he had 3,000 disciples, 72 of whom were outstanding. He became a messenger of cultural dissemination. He traveled around the world, and in his later years he concentrated on the compilation and dissemination of ancient documents. He devoted himself to education, collated ancient classics such as "Poems" and "Books", and deleted and revised "Spring and Autumn". His students recorded his thoughts, words and deeds in The Analects of Confucius.

Through his lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in the past dynasties, Confucius made Chinese Confucianism the mainstream of Chinese culture and has been the guiding ideology of the Chinese people for more than 2,000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue. He persistently advocated a moralized society and a moralized life. The highest standard of a moralized society is "propriety", and the highest value of a moralized life is "benevolence".

Confucius taught people to actively pursue the "Path of Loyalty and Forgiveness" of "If you want to establish yourself, you should establish others; if you want to achieve yourself, you should achieve others", and "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do", so as to establish a correct outlook on life. and correctly handle relationships between people. Confucius advocated the "unity of man and nature" to deal well with the relationship between man and nature. He also elaborated and promoted the principle that people should not only "benevolent to the people", but also "love things".

Confucius firmly advocated that the country should implement the moral policy of "teaching the rich" so that society and culture can develop. Confucius believed that the highest achievement of civilization is to cultivate an ideal personality to create an ideal society, and to achieve the realm of "the world is for the common good" and "the world of great harmony" by practicing the "Way of the Inner Saint and the Outer King" through unremitting efforts. Because of Confucius' outstanding contributions and far-reaching ideological influence, he is respected by the Chinese as the most holy teacher and a role model for all generations.

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Confucius founded Confucianism, also known as Confucianism or Confucianism. Confucianism had a great influence on future generations. Initially, it referred to emcees who were engaged in the funeral industry. Later, based on this, a complete Confucian ideological system was gradually formed and became the mainstream of Chinese traditional culture with far-reaching influence. It is the most influential school in China and the mainstream consciousness in ancient China.

Confucianism has had a profound impact on China, East Asia and even the world. The concepts of "Confucianism", "Confucianism" and "Confucianism" must be clearly distinguished. Confucianism as a theory, Confucianism as a class, and Confucianism as a belief are the same but different and need to be distinguished.

Confucianism has a wide influence in East Asian countries. In Korea and Japan, ethics and etiquette have been influenced by Confucian views of benevolence, righteousness, and etiquette, which are still evident today. In South Korea, there are many people who believe in various religions, but in terms of ethics and morality, Confucianism is the dominant one. After Western civilization invaded Korean society, various social problems increased. However, the Korean Communist Party used Confucian ethics as a restraining force to maintain social stability and deepened Confucianism in education.

Confucianism occupies an important position in the history of Chinese culture. Confucian classics are not only tools for ideological rule, but also the main body of Chinese feudal culture, preserving rich national cultural heritage. Confucianism occupies an important position not only in China but also in the East Asian world. Confucianism, like Chinese characters, laws and regulations, and Buddhism, spread to surrounding countries very early and had an important impact on the thinking and culture there.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Confucius 10-word introduction to Confucius

Confucius: ancient Chinese thinker, educator, and founder of the Confucian school.

Confucius once led some of his disciples to travel around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for advice and had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius".

In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. The most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher for all generations.

His thoughts have a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". As the influence of Confucius expanded, the "Confucius Ceremony" to worship Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as the Chinese ancestor gods.

Extended information:

Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "morality": advocating the virtues and virtues of "benevolence and propriety" at the individual level. The moral and Tao ideological system is based on the theory of human nature and goodness ("one yin and one yang are called Tao, which is followed by goodness, and which is achieved by nature"), with the purpose of establishing human poles ("the way of three poles"), and based on The way of humanity intersects with the way of heaven and earth, and the moderation of humanity turns into a complete ideological system of methodology in due course.

Confucius’ theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of humanity, while Confucius’ theory of etiquette embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense.

Humanism is an eternal theme of mankind. It is applicable to any society, any era, and any country. An orderly and institutional society is the basic requirement for the establishment of a human civilized society. Confucius's spirit of humanism and order is the essence of ancient Chinese social and political thought.

The highest ideal of Confucius in his later years was called "Great Harmony". In the world of Great Harmony, people in the world not only regard their own family members as relatives, not only love their own parents and children, but also love each other. Respect and love everyone in the world.

Let the old age have a happy ending, the strong have usefulness, children can get warmth and care, lonely people and disabled people have someone to rely on, men have their own affairs, and women have a satisfactory destination. There are no deceivers or thieves in the world, no items are picked up on the road, no doors are closed at night, everyone is trustworthy and cultivates harmony, selects talents and promotes talents, the path is followed, and the world is fair. Introduction to Confucius

Confucius's name was Qiu, and his courtesy name was Zhongni (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC). Confucius died at the age of 73. Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China. A native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was the founder of the Confucian school. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn".

In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. The most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher for all generations.

His thoughts have a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". As the influence of Confucius expanded, the "Confucius Ceremony" to worship Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as the Chinese ancestor gods.

Extended information

The main contents of Confucius’ thoughts on benevolence include the moral ideal of becoming a “sage” and a “benevolent person”. He believes that “benevolence” has the highest moral value, and “people with lofty ideals and benevolent people” "There is no seeking life to harm benevolence, and there is killing to achieve benevolence." He attaches great importance to moral cultivation and emphasizes his own efforts, that is, "benevolence to oneself", "How far is benevolence? I want to be benevolent to others."

People are required to "aim for Tao, base themselves on virtue, rely on benevolence, and practice art." He proposed a series of self-cultivation methods, such as seeking self-reflection and thinking three times a day. Confucius' benevolence also includes the thought of caring for workers. For example, when Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, Confucius said: "When going out, it is like seeing a distinguished guest, and treating the people as if they were receiving a great sacrifice." Zizhang asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: "Those who can do the five things are in the world. , is benevolence."

These "five things" are "respect, generosity, trust, sensitivity, and benefit." Confucius' "forbearance" and "benefit" are reflected in the method of governance, which is to implement "virtuous government". The so-called virtuous government includes two interrelated aspects, namely, the implementation of policies to benefit the people in the economy, and the lenient punishment and emphasis on education in politics.

Economically benefiting the people means making them "enough to eat." The Analects of Confucius records that Confucius "emphasized: people, food, funerals, and sacrifices," and advocated "benefiting the people because they benefit." Politically, tolerant of the people means to oppose the tyranny of "killing without teaching". Confucius advocated that the people should be "guided with virtue and unified with reason" and opposed to "guided with government and unified with punishment".

It is believed that only in this way can we cultivate people's moral concepts and encourage people to consciously abide by social norms. In order to implement virtuous government, Confucius also put forward the political proposition of "promoting talents". "The Analects of Confucius" records that Zhong Gong asked about politics, and Confucius said: "There are officials first, pardon small faults, and promote talents." He believes that public opinion must also be taken into consideration, "If you raise straight people, you will be wrong, and you will be convinced; if you raise wrong people, you will be wrong. , *** is not convinced.”

Baidu Encyclopedia - Introduction to the life of Confucius

1. Early education

Confucius lived an extremely difficult life in his early years. He said: "I am a young man who is humble, so I have many When Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang He died and was buried in Fangshan in the east of Lu State. Confucius' mother did not tell Confucius the location of the tomb. Yan moved to Queli in Qufu and raised him. As a child, Confucius often arranged ritual utensils (zudou) for sacrifices and practiced performing rituals as a kind of game.

Confucius's mother died when he was 17 years old, and Confucius wanted to bury his parents together. In order to find out where his father was buried, he stopped his mother's coffin at the intersection (the Five Fathers' Road) and asked passers-by. Later, Confucius's neighbor Manfu's mother told Confucius where his uncle Liang He was tomb, so Confucius buried his parents together in Fangshan. The next year, when Confucius was in mourning for his mother, Ji Sun gave a banquet to a first-level scholar (fushishi). Confucius went there, but was scolded and rejected by Ji Sun's retainer Yang Hu. However, later scholars suspected that this matter was false.

When he was 19 years old, Confucius worked as a clerk, commissioned official, and Chengtian and other minor officials for the Lu noble family Ji Sun, managing warehouses and livestock. He married Qi Guan, a native of the Song Dynasty, and gave birth to a son in the second year. Duke Zhao of Lu sent someone to send carp to express his congratulations, and the son was named Kong Li, also known as Boyu. Kong Li died before Confucius, leaving behind his son Kong Ji, also named Zi Si.

At the age of 23, Confucius began to recruit apprentices and give lectures in the countryside. His students included Yan You (father of Yan Hui), Zeng Dian (father of Zeng Shen), Ran Geng, etc. In the seventeenth year of Duke Zhao of Lu, Tanzi, the king of Tan, visited Lu [15]. Tanzi was erudite and talented, and the 27-year-old Confucius came to see him. There is a saying in Han Yu's "Shi Shuo": "Confucius learned from Tanzi." Confucius successively "asked for courtesy from Lao Dan, learned drums and qin from his teacher Xiangzi, and visited Chang Hong for his music."

About thirty years old , some of the first disciples came to Confucius. Since then, Confucius has been engaged in education. He recruited many disciples. According to legend, he had three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. He pioneered the idea of ??teaching without distinction and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and became a pioneer and representative of the downward movement of academics and private lectures at that time. Therefore, later generations respected him as "the eternal teacher" and "the most holy teacher".

2. Suitable for Qi

At the age of thirty-five, Duke Zhao of Lu was defeated by the Jisun, Shusun and Mengsun clans of the three states of Lu and fled to Qi. , Confucius left the state of Lu and went to the state of Qi. Confucius once talked about music with Grand Master Qi, heard the beauty of Shao music, and did not know the taste of meat in March. Duke Jinggong of Qi asked Confucius about government affairs, and Confucius said: "The king is the king, the minister is the minister, the father is the father, the son is the son.

"

Qi Jinggong said: "How good! Faith is like a king who is not a king, a minister who is not a minister, a father who is not his father, and a son who is not his son. Although there is millet, how can I eat it? The next day, I asked Confucius about government. Confucius said, "Government is about saving money." "Jinggong wanted to make Confucius the doctor of Nixitian, but he was dissuaded by the advice of Yan Ying, the prime minister of Qi. Yan Ying believed that Confucius would interfere with the culture of Qi. Later, when he learned that the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius, Jinggong had no choice but to dismiss Confucius. Confucius Then he returned to the State of Lu and gathered his disciples to give lectures.

3. The First Year of Serving in the State of Lu Both are now Wenshang County, Shandong Province. After one year, he was promoted to Sikong and was promoted to Da Sikou. During this period, he also served as a photographer.

In the tenth year of Lu Dinggong, Lu Dinggong and Qi Jingggong met together. In this incident, Confucius achieved a diplomatic victory with "literary and military skills", allowing Qi to return Wenyang and other places that had invaded Lu.

In the thirteenth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, Confucius tried to reestablish Duke Lu. In order to control the authority of the imperial family, he planned and implemented the political and military actions of "Three Capitals", hoping to reduce the strength of Sanhuan, so he first fell to Shusun's family, and then Jisun's family, but the offensive to siege Xiyi failed. < /p>

In the 14th year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, Confucius executed Shaozhengmao, a Lu doctor who was rebellious. However, some people believe that the Shaozhengmao incident was fabricated by later scholars who were influenced by Legalism.

< p> Due to the improvement of the state of Lu under the rule of Confucius, the people of Qi were alarmed. Li Kuan, the official of Qi, designed to send Lu a female musician and a horse to make Lu Dinggong ignore the government affairs, and let Confucius and Lu Dinggong, Ji Huanzi and others The moral and policy differences between them were difficult to bridge, and Confucius eventually went to Lu to defend the country.

4. Traveling around the world

After leaving Lu, Confucius led his disciples to travel around the country. However, they were not reused in Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Ye, Chu and other places. During this period, Confucius and his party were trapped in danger many times in Kuang, Song, Pu and other places.

5. During the period of staying in Weiguo

When Confucius arrived in Weiguo, when he was going to Chendi, he passed by Kuangcheng. Yan Kejuce pointed to the gap outside Guoguo and said: "In the past, I entered here, and there was a gap there. "Because Confucius was tall, the Kuang people mistakenly thought he was the Yang Hu of Lu, and was rounded up. Zilu was angry, grabbed the halberd and prepared to fight, but was stopped by Confucius. During the process, Confucius was separated from Yan Hui, and for a time he thought Yan Hui was dead. .

Wei Linggong provided Confucius with the same salary as Shi Lu. After living for a period of time, he was framed and left.

Confucius stayed in Pucheng for several months and returned. Wei Guo. When he visited Nanzi, the wife of Wei Linggong, Confucius faced north and bowed his head to the ground, not looking directly at her. When his wife Nanzi also paid homage to Confucius behind the curtain, Zilu was very dissatisfied about this and was not happy on the surface. Confucius said, but Confucius knew it in his heart, so Confucius swore to Zilu and said: "If I do something wrong, let God despise me!" "A few months later, Duke Ling of Wei and his wife Nanzi were riding in the same carriage, with Confucius second and the other officials following behind. They were swaggering through the city. Confucius was ashamed of this incident. Yan Ke asked what the shame was, and Confucius sighed: " I have never seen anyone who loves morality as much as he loves beauty! " Then he left the Wei Kingdom.

6. Passing the Crisis of the Song Dynasty

After Confucius arrived in the Song Dynasty, he practiced etiquette with his disciples under a big tree. Song Sima Huanxi wanted to kill Confucius, so he killed the big tree. Pull it out. The disciple planned to leave as soon as possible, but Confucius said: "I am born with virtue, so what can I do to you?" "

7. Lost in Zheng

When Confucius was in Zheng, he was separated from his disciples. Confucius stood alone at the east gate of Guo. Someone told Zigong that there was someone at the east gate who looked like a lost dog. Disciple Finally, they found Confucius and told him this. Confucius smiled happily and said: "The shape is the end. It is said that it looks like a bereaved dog, but that’s right! Of course! ”

8. Chen and Cai were trapped

When Wu was conquering Chen and Chu were conquering Cai, King Zhao of Chu sent someone to hire Confucius, and Confucius set out immediately. Chen and Cai officials were afraid that Confucius would be the leader of Chu. Confucius was besieged in the wilderness of Chen and Cai for the sake of the state. Confucius and others were not allowed to go out, and they were without food for seven days. Many of his disciples fell ill and could not afford it. Confucius continued to send his disciples to pay tribute. In Chu, King Zhao of Chu raised an army to welcome Confucius.

9. Later years

After fourteen years of wandering around the world, in 484 BC, Confucius, who was nearly 70 years old, was welcomed back by Ji Kangzi. Lu Guozun was the elder of the country, but he was not appointed by Lu Aigong. During this period, Confucius focused on education and compilation of ancient books. In 483 BC, his only son Kong Li died before him. In 481 BC, Confucius died. He sighed: "Those who followed me in Chen and Cai in the past were not as good as my disciples. "In the summer of the fourteenth year of Duke Ai, Chen Heng of Qi State killed his king. Confucius fasted and bathed for three days, and begged Duke Ai to attack Qi. Duke Ai asked him to "sue Ji Sun". Later, Confucius asked Ji Kangzi to send troops, but he was rejected. < /p>

On March 9, 479 BC (Jichou day in April of the 16th year of Duke Ai of Lu, March 9 in the Julian calendar, March 4 in the Gregorian calendar, February 11 in the Xia calendar), Confucius passed away. , aged seventy-three, was buried on the shore of Sishui in the north of Qufu City. His disciples mourned him for three years, and Zigong guarded Confucius' grave for six years. Looking back on his life, Confucius said: "I was determined to learn when I was fifteen. At thirty you stand firm; at forty you are not confused; at fifty you know your destiny; at sixty your ears are attuned; at seventy you follow your heart's desires without exceeding the rules. ”

Extended information:

Confucius (551 BC to 479 BC), whose surname was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was a native of Zou Yi (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) of the State of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. my country A famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient times.

According to legend, Confucius had three thousand disciples and seventy-two virtuous disciples. Confucius led his disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he devoted himself to the compilation of ancient documents, revised "Poems" and "Books", finalized "Li" and "Music", prefaced "Book of Changes", and wrote "Spring and Autumn".

His thoughts take "benevolence" as the core, which means "loving others". He advocates the implementation of "benevolent government" and should use "propriety" as the norm. "Restraining oneself and restoring propriety is benevolence"; " advocates that "lords, ministers, fathers, sons and sons" should all live up to their "names"; pay attention to the combination of "learning" and "thinking". The so-called "learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without thinking" "Learning leads to peril"; pioneered the private teaching style, advocating teaching in accordance with aptitude, "teaching without distinction", "never tired of learning, never tired of teaching", emphasizing that "a gentleman will love others when he learns the Tao, and a villain will learn the Tao easily".

Since the Western Han Dynasty, Confucianism has become the cultural orthodoxy of feudal society for more than two thousand years, and its influence has been extremely far-reaching. The existing book "The Analects of Confucius" records the questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, which is the main material for studying Confucius' theory. 50 words of information about Confucius

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Kong, was named Qiu, and whose courtesy name was Zhongni. He lived in Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. A native of Zou Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province), his ancestral home is Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan Province) of the Song Dynasty. He was an ancient Chinese thinker, educator and founder of the Confucian school. He created a culture of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and trustworthiness.

Confucius once led some of his disciples to travel around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for advice and had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages.

In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. The most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher for all generations. His thoughts have had a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World".

Extended information:

Confucius’ main achievements:

1. Moral Thought

Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "morality" : Advocating the virtues and virtues of "benevolence and propriety" at the individual level.

2. Political thought

The core content of Confucius’ political thought is “propriety” and “benevolence”. In terms of the strategy of governing the country, he advocated “governing with virtue” and using morality. Governing a country with ethics and ethics is the noblest way to govern a country. This kind of governance strategy is also called "Government by virtue" or "Government by etiquette".

3. Economic Thoughts

The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are the concept of righteousness and benefit, the concept of righteousness and benefit, and the thought of "enriching the people". This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought and has a great influence on later generations.

4. Educational Thoughts

Confucius was the first in Chinese history to propose that people have similar talents and qualities, and that personality differences are mainly due to the influence of acquired education and social environment ("Sex is similar, but habits are far apart". "). Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated.

5. Aesthetic Thought

The core of Confucius’ aesthetic thought is the unity of “beauty” and “goodness”, as well as the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "poetry", that is, combining literature and art with political morality, using literature and art as a means to change society and politics, and an important way to cultivate sentiment.

6. Historical Thought

An important proposition of Confucius’ historical thought is “straight”, that is, when studying history, we must seek truth from facts, not only pay attention to the basis, but also “know what you know, and what you don’t know” Because I don’t know.”