Citrus is usually planted in late February to mid-March before new buds sprout in spring. In areas without frost damage in winter, it can be planted in 10 ~ 1 1 mid-autumn; In April-May of spring and summer, after the growth of spring shoots stops, the survival rate of summer bamboo shoots is also very high. Container seedlings can be planted all year round.

Cultivation spacing

The most common spacing of citrus cultivation is 4x6m, but at present, there is a trend that different planting methods are adopted to make citrus grow intensively in the later stage, so the spacing of 4x3m or even 4X 1.5 is often adopted. Its planting density is usually 4 10 plants per hectare, and there are 800 plants or even 1600 plants per hectare in the case of close planting. Dig the planting pit according to the specification of1×1m. Weeds, garbage fertilizer, decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and other base fertilizers are applied in the pit. Kechun can also be planted in autumn.

land

Soil is a loose layer on the land surface, which is composed of minerals, organic matter, water, air and living things. It is very fertile and can grow plants. Citrus grows well in light soil, but it can also grow in heavy loam if suitable rootstocks and good drainage conditions are used. The soil with pH over 8.0 is not conducive to the growth of citrus. Citrus is very sensitive to soil salt and boron (even in deep soil) and hardened soil. Citrus roots are mainly distributed in 0.90 m soil layer, which varies with irrigation conditions. The vast majority of aerobic active roots are distributed in the surface layer of soil 30 cm. In light soil, the recommended irrigation cycle is twice a week, and daily irrigation is better. Obviously, because water can easily penetrate below the active root zone in light soil, frequent and small irrigation will produce better results.

Abundant water

Citrus needs irrigation in dry months, so it must be irrigated in winter when the temperature is above 13 degrees Celsius. In addition, dehydration is dangerous, which makes the fruit flow to the leaves and causes the fruit to wither. In the past, furrow irrigation or sprinkler irrigation was mainly used in the upper part of the crown, but sprinkler irrigation was at risk of salinization, and furrow irrigation would reduce soil permeability. At present, drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are used under the canopy, which is strip irrigation and part of the soil surface remains dry. Orchards that have not fully applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before planting should increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer year by year; 1 After young trees are planted, new roots begin to move, and thin manure can be applied. The amount of fertilizer should be less than more, light, not thick, especially chemical fertilizer, and more attention should be paid not to hurt the roots. Quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times before each new shoot sprouting and during the growth period, and new shoots germinate 3~4 times in 1 year, that is, spring shoot fertilizer should be applied from the end of February to the beginning of March, summer shoot fertilizer should be applied in the middle and late May, autumn shoot fertilizer should be applied in the middle and early July, and winter fertilizer should be applied in1/June. In areas prone to freezing injury, fertilization should be stopped from August to 65438+10 to prevent late autumn shoots and winter shoots from sprouting and avoid freezing injury caused by nutrient consumption. In the second year after planting, the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased, combined with soil improvement, organic fertilizer should be applied, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased, and appropriate amount of lime should be added to acidic soil to cultivate dense root groups and strong autumn shoots, laying the foundation for the third year. For 2-3-year-old trees, topdressing should be applied continuously in each new shoot growth period, about half a month before the emergence of bamboo shoots, and topdressing 1 time for those with less bamboo shoots. After self-cutting or coring, topdressing 1 times of strong shoot fertilizer, and topdressing twice after autumn shoots turn green. Pay attention to the difference between weak trees and strong trees when fertilizing. In order to ensure the normal growth of weak trees for three times and increase the number of new shoots, summer shoots can be popularized in the first year after planting. When the summer shoots grow to 7-8 leaves, they can be picked and fertilized, so that the fertilized summer shoots are full and robust. Fertilization can promote the early autumn shoots to be robust and can play the role of nourishing the strong shoots with small fertilizer. In the second year after planting, the summer shoots with weak branches should not be cut short. After cutting short, the growth potential of new shoots will be weak due to poor nutritional conditions.

Plastic trimming

Pruning is a technical measure to adjust the fruit tree into a fairly stable tree shape and growth and development space through certain surgical methods according to the growth characteristics and cultivation purposes of the tree, combined with natural conditions and management technology level. The purpose of citrus pruning is "early fruiting, multiple fruiting, good fruiting and long fruiting". Correct pruning can promote the growth of trees and make them take shape as soon as possible, especially the branches of fruit trees are distributed reasonably, the crown is ventilated and transparent, the fruit is stable, which is convenient for field management, improves production efficiency, reduces production costs and increases economic benefits. For trees of different ages, young trees should bear fruit and yield as soon as possible; Mature trees achieve high quality and high yield, and prolong the fruiting period; Aging tree species should be updated as soon as possible to promote growth and maintain yield.