1 Based on specifications.
In August, 1999, 1 People's Republic of China (PRC) industry standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Urban Greening Projects" was promulgated, which provided detailed and specific standards for the construction and acceptance of urban greening projects. In accordance with the specifications, the construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the approved greening engineering design drawings and related documents, and the whole construction process of various greening projects shall be comprehensively supervised and quality controlled.
1. 1 Make preparations before construction.
On the basis of mastering the design intention, check the site according to the design drawings, prepare the construction plan, and do a good job in the preliminary work such as site leveling, fixed-point setting out, water supply and drainage engineering, etc. The so-called "sharpening the knife without cutting the wood by mistake", making good preparations will often speed up the construction progress.
1.2 Construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the design drawings.
The construction of greening project is to plant plants artistically and make them survive according to the design requirements, so as to make plants play the role of greening and beautifying as soon as possible. Therefore, design is the soul of greening project. Without design, the construction of greening project is impossible. If the construction is not strictly in accordance with the drawings, it will distort the whole design idea and affect the greening and beautification effect. It is the basic premise to ensure the quality of greening project that the construction personnel master the design intention, keep close contact with the design unit and strictly follow the drawings.
1.3 Strengthening the application of construction organization design
According to the investigation of the construction site, determining various requirements, compiling the construction organization plan, implementing the construction progress in the construction, and making appropriate adjustments to the progress plan according to the actual construction situation can often make the project construction proceed in an orderly manner, ensure the implementation of the project progress plan, and shorten the construction period as much as possible. It plays a very significant role in the construction of key projects with large quantities and short construction period. In particular, the implementation of the project bidding system needs to strengthen the application of construction organization design.
The construction organization needs to make it clear that the project is divided into several engineering groups, and the relationship and person in charge of each engineering group. Be careful not to neglect the maintenance group. Personnel arrangement should be arranged in chronological order according to the construction progress plan.
On the premise of safety.
The construction of urban greening project is affected by large traffic volume, many public facilities and crowded people. Construction safety is very important, and construction management must be strengthened. In the aspect of street greening, we should first fully understand the street circulation, road structure, roadside geology, lampposts, underground pipelines, cable buried objects and so on. Especially in the construction of split green belt, because split green belt is located between lanes, safety measures are more important. Therefore, before digging planting holes and trenches, construction personnel must know about underground pipelines and buried objects from relevant units, so as to avoid damaging pipelines during construction, and at the same time, they should also pay attention to coordinating cross operations with other units.
3 backed by technology
The biological nature of plant materials, the object of greening project construction, determines the technical requirements of construction. Only by mastering the ecological habits of plant materials, the principles and technologies related to planting survival, can specific plant planting and landscaping be carried out according to the greening design, and the effect can be exerted as soon as possible.
3. 1 Seasonal arrangement of green plants
In order to ensure the survival of trees, it is necessary to choose the most suitable season for planting according to the natural conditions in various regions and the ecological habits of various tree species. It is best to plant in spring in the northern region. At this time, the temperature gradually rises, the soil begins to thaw, the soil gradually becomes soft, and the water is sufficient, which is conducive to the rooting of trees. With the increase of temperature, roots can absorb water and nutrients needed by branches and leaves. Suitable for planting in late autumn and early winter in southern China. At this time, trees gradually enter the dormant period, and the consumption of water and nutrients by trees is decreasing. The new roots have certain absorption capacity, which can meet the needs of branch germination in terms of water and nutrient supply. For Hefei, winter is not long and there is rainy season, and the air humidity is high. It can be planted in all seasons except dry summer. According to different tree species, it can be divided into spring planting, rainy season planting, autumn planting and winter planting.
Deciduous trees should be planted in winter and early spring, and their trees germinate from early February to late March, such as plum, peach, maple and apricot. For tree species that germinate late in spring, such as maple, poplar, melia azedarach, Sapindus mukoraiensis, Albizia Albizia, Sapium sebiferum, Chongyang, Camptotheca acuminata, etc., it is advisable to plant them at the end of spring when they germinate; Some evergreen broad-leaved trees, such as Cinnamomum camphora, Magnolia grandiflora, Loquat, Osmanthus fragrans, etc., should be planted in late spring and can be extended to around Tomb-Sweeping Day. Flowers and trees that germinate earlier, such as roses, Chinese rose and peony, should be planted in autumn.
3.2 Selection and preparation of seedlings
According to the different functions of green space, select seedlings. In a building complex, residential area or park, people expect to plant a certain number of strong trees in groups according to the psychological requirements of the scenery preserved in the past, which gives people a direct feeling that there is already green space here. The specifications and dimensions of the planted trees should be coordinated with the building height, the size and function of the green space. Using mature trees can form a sustainable visual effect and artistic conception in the specifications, appearance, volume and characteristics of the planted trees. For example, the seedlings used in the newly-built Xinghua Park are mostly strong trees, and their landscaping is mainly plants, which has achieved good landscape effects.
(1) seedling size and tree requirements. Lonely tree planting mainly shows the beauty of trees. Generally, seedlings need to be tall, majestic, beautiful and distinctive, and often choose varieties with beautiful flowers, fruits, bark or leaves. The crown shape of solitary tree should be wide, broad and large, which is conical, spire-shaped, drooping and wind-induced. Shading trees in the courtyard are mostly planted on the roadside and beside the pool, which should be mainly ornamental and combined with shading function. The trees are beautiful and elegant. Albizia Albizia, Platanus acerifolia and Pinus bungeana are all good garden shade trees.
(2) Seedling quality requirements. On the premise that seedling size and tree meet the landscaping function, the requirements for seedling quality are particularly important. The quality of seedlings should meet the following conditions: the root system is developed and complete, the taproot is short and straight, and there should be more lateral roots and fibrous roots in a certain range near the rhizome; The seedlings are stout and tall, with a certain height under the branches, which is not wasted; The main lateral branches are evenly distributed, which can form a perfect crown. The lower branches and leaves of evergreen conifers do not wither into polished rods, and there are no pests and diseases.
(3) Root cutting treatment before tree transplantation. The preparation work before transplanting big trees should start several years before transplanting. It is necessary to dig a ditch with a width of 30 ~ 40 cm and a depth of 50 ~ 70 cm around the trees to be transplanted in advance to stimulate them to grow dense fibrous roots and create transplant conditions. The range of root cutting is generally five times that of main meridians.
(4) Seedling raising and packaging. In order to ensure the survival rate, seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls. The specifications of general soil balls depend on the size of the trunk. Draw a circle with a radius of 4 ~ 6 times DBH with the trunk as the center of deciduous trees. The evergreen tree draws a circle with the trunk as the center and the circumference of the trunk as the radius to determine the size of the soil ball. Generally speaking, soil balls are packaged in rope and wooden cases; When transplanting trees, the trunk should be tied with straw rope, and the absorption capacity is weakened at this time. Wrapping dry can reduce the loss of water in trees, help balance water and prevent sunburn.
3.3 transportation
Choose motor vehicles with lifting and loading capacity greater than tree weight and crane types suitable for site construction. When piling seedlings, we should pay attention to putting the center of gravity of the soil ball on the rear axle of the vehicle, with the crown of the tree backward, tied with a rope, and holding something under the soil ball. In the process of transplanting big trees, measures should be taken to prevent the balls from scattering due to bumping, and to prevent sun exposure, cold and other factors that are not conducive to the growth of big trees.
3.4 Seedling planting
Tree planting procedures generally include: topographic arrangement, fixed-point setting-out, soil replacement and pit excavation, seedling transportation, planting and maintenance, etc.
Firstly, according to the planning and design elevation, the terrain of green space is transformed to meet the requirements of landscaping, and then the planting point of trees is determined according to the planting design on the drawings.
After fixed-point setting-out, the specifications of digging holes can be determined according to the root characteristics of tree species (or the size of soil balls) and soil types. Generally, the diameter of bare root tree hole is more than twice that of root group; The hole of seedling tree with soil ball should be 30 ~ 40 cm larger than the diameter of soil ball, and the hole depth should be 3/4 of the hole diameter; Tree holes are mainly round mouth, straight hole wall and flat hole bottom. When digging a hole, the surface soil pile is on one side and the bottom soil pile is on the other side to remove debris.
When planting trees, we should first cut off the broken branches and roots caused by carelessness during exercise, and trim the branches without affecting the overall tree shape; When planting evergreen trees, it is necessary to do a good job of strong cutting, picking leaves and wiping buds. After planting magnolia grandiflora, Cinnamomum camphora and other evergreen broad-leaved trees, branches must be thinned and leaves must be picked to improve the survival rate.
In the process of gardening, the planting procedure of plants is very demanding. Generally, dominant landscape plants and trees are planted first; Then plant a shorter shrub in a secondary position; Finally the land was covered. When planting, plant flowers and trees in the garden first, and then plant trees outside the garden.
After the tree is planted, cultivate a weir around it, fully irrigate it, and spray water on the leaves of evergreen trees. After the water is absorbed, flatten the earth fence and cover the surface with soil. After planting trees, in order to prevent skew and affect the survival rate of trees, supports should be set up. There are various types of support, such as single column, double column, three column, four column and triangle traction type. Wounds caused by diseases and insect pests, freezing injury, sunburn, pruning, etc. on the trunk should be coated with protective agents, such as α -naphthylacetic acid paste containing 0.0 1% ~ 0. 1%; Painting the trunk white in winter can prevent pests and diseases, delay the germination of trees and avoid the harm of sun burns.
3.5 Maintenance management
After planting trees, maintenance management is particularly important. Planting is a temporary thing, and maintenance is a long-term thing, that is, "three-point planting and seven-point management".
Keeping the soil moist is the main condition for the survival of trees. After planting, in addition to watering "root-fixing water", it is also necessary to replenish water in time according to the climate, especially in the season when branches and leaves sprout and grow vigorously. After planting evergreen trees, we should often spray water on the branches and leaves during drought, but the water in the soil is always saturated and the ventilation is not good, which is not conducive to the growth and development of trees. Low-lying places will lead to water accumulation, so attention should be paid to digging drainage ditches to drain water in time. For areas with high requirements for large-scale greening, automatic sprinkler irrigation equipment or embedded water pipes can be set up in the greening area for regular watering.
Fertilization: after the trees survive and enter the normal reproduction state, they can be weakly fertilized and fertilized. Fertilization should be carried out after days of no rain, dry soil and weeding.
Pest control: there are mainly two methods: drug poisoning and biological control. In the process of pest control, it is necessary to master the occurrence law of pests and diseases, use comprehensive control, seize the favorable opportunity, and achieve the best results with the least manpower and drugs. Once pests and diseases are controlled in the early stage, it is difficult to prevent them.
4 conclusion
The construction management of greening project is a practical subject. In practical work, we should not only master the engineering principle, but also have the skills to guide on-site construction. Only in this way can the scientificity, technicality and artistry of the greening project be organically combined, and an economic, practical and beautiful work can be built on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project.
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