Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences was bred by crossing apple pear as female parent and valley pear as male parent. The average fruit weight is 280 grams, the fruit is nearly round, the skin is yellow-green, it turns yellow after storage, the fruit surface is smooth and waxy, and the fruit point is large and obvious. The stems are shallow, wide and wrinkled. Sepals persist, calyx is deep and wide, wrinkled and rusty. Small core, white meat, tender and crisp meat, rich juice, strong taste, sweet and sour. It contains soluble solids 12.0% ~ 15.7%, and its quality is extremely high. Fruits have strong storability, and can generally be preserved until April-May of the following year.

The crown is broad and conical, and the tree is upright. The plant has strong growth potential, high germination rate (73.7%) and strong branching ability, and more than three long branches grow under the incision. Young trees begin to bear fruit in the middle and early stage, and can bear fruit in 3 ~ 4 years after planting. The proportion of all kinds of fruiting branches of young trees is: long fruit branches 25%, middle fruit branches 10%, short fruit branches 33% and axillary flower buds 32%. Adult trees mainly bear short fruit branches. High yield, no fruit drop before harvest, and poor management are prone to large and small years. In Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, flower buds germinate in early April, bloom from late April to early May, fruit ripens from late September to early June 10, and fruit development period 142 days. Under the condition of rootstock cultivation, the row spacing and plant spacing can be 5 meters ×4 meters, which is suitable for evacuation layer trees; Dwarf rootstocks are densely planted, with row spacing of 4m× 2.5 ~ 3m, which can be small crown sparse layer or free spindle shape. This variety is too branched, so it should be cut less and dragged more, and the branches should be thinned properly. In the new year, we should get rid of long branches and buds to prevent the phenomenon of big and small years. The appearance of fruit is not very beautiful, which can be improved by bagging technology. Pollination varieties are Yali pear, Apple pear, Zaosu pear, Xuehua pear and dangshan pear. Strong cold resistance, resistance to scab, and fruit vulnerable to Toona sinensis.

(2) Red crispy noodles

Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences is a new red-skinned pear variety bred by crossing Korla fragrant pear as female parent and Zhengzhou goose pear as male parent. 1997 and 1998 were approved by Henan and Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committees respectively, and were approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2002, and won the second prize of Henan Scientific and Technological Progress in 2003. The average weight of a single fruit is 220 grams, and the fruit is spindle-shaped, with smooth peel, thick wax, no rust spots and large and dense fruit points. The background color of the fruit surface is green and yellow, and it is reddish to the sunny side. The stem is shallow and wide; Sepals are partially persistent, and calyx depressions are shallow and wide. Small core, white pulp, crisp and juicy, containing soluble solids 13% ~ 14%, with excellent quality. In Zhengzhou, Henan Province, the flower buds germinated in mid-March, blossomed in mid-April, and the fruit matured in mid-September. The fruit development period was 140 days. The fruit can be stored for 2 months at room temperature.

The tree has strong potential, conical crown, open posture, germination rate as high as 90%, medium branching ability, and 3-4 long branches can be produced after cutting. The planting density can be selected according to soil conditions and irrigation conditions, the row spacing is 4 ~ 5m× 1.5 ~ 2m, and the pollination varieties can be Dangshan crisp pear and Sydney. Adopt free spindle molding. The grafted seedlings began to bear fruit in the third year after planting, mainly short fruit branches, and the proportion of all kinds of fruit branches was: short fruit branches 75%, middle fruit branches 16%, long fruit branches 6% and axillary buds 3%. The fruit setting rate of inflorescence is 89%, with an average of 1.8 fruits per fruit table. High resistance to pear scab, good resistance to ring rot, pear bud and red spider, and no resistance to pear psylla and fruit eater. Red fragrant crisp pear has a gorgeous appearance and strong adaptability, which is suitable for large-scale development in Pak Lei producing areas such as northwest, north China and southwest Liaoning.

(3) Gold honey

Dangshan crisp pear was bred by crossing Dangshan crisp pear and Zhuzui pear as male parents. The average weight of a single fruit is 230 grams, the fruit is oval or ovoid, the skin is green and yellow, it turns yellow after storage, and the fruit points are small and many. The stem depression is of medium depth and width, and the sepals fall off, remain or persist. The core is small or big, the flesh is white, the meat is crisp and juicy, and the taste is sweet. It contains soluble solids 12.4% ~ 16%, and its quality is excellent. In Jinzhong, Shanxi, the flower buds germinate in early April, bloom in the middle and late April, and the fruit matures at the end of September. The fruit development period is 150 days.

The tree has medium potential, round crown, semi-open posture, strong germination, weak branch formation, and 1 ~ 2 long branches sprouting under the incision. Suitable for moderate close planting. Seedlings generally begin to bear fruit in 4 ~ 5 years after planting, and the proportion of medium-long fruit branches is large in the initial stage of bearing fruit, and short fruit branches are the main bearing period. The fruit point of Jinmi pear is obvious, and bagging can significantly improve the fruit appearance. Compared with Dangshan crisp pear, it has stronger cold resistance, drought resistance and black star resistance.

(4) Su Qin

It was bred by the Fruit Research Institute of the College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University. The parents were Dangshan Suli× Huangxian Changba, and they crossed with 1957, named as 1978. The fruit is nearly cylindrical, with an average single fruit weight of 286 grams. The peel is yellow-green, the fruit surface is smooth, the stem is deep and wide, the calyx is rusty, like a golden cover, and the sepals fall off. Small core, white flesh, crisp texture, less stone cells, more juice, sweet taste, containing soluble solids 12.2%, high quality. The best edible period of fruit is extremely long, and its storage resistance is extremely strong. It can be stored until May of the following year and is resistant to storage diseases. In Yangling, Shaanxi Province, the flower buds germinate in mid-March, bloom in early and middle April, and the fruit ripens at the early stage of 10, and the fruit development period is 170 days.

Strong trees, ordinary plants, high germination rate and strong branching ability. Generally, it begins to bear fruit about 5 years after planting. Young trees bear mainly medium and long branches, while adult trees bear mainly short branches. Axillary buds have strong fruiting ability and high yield, but poor management is prone to the phenomenon of big and small years. Strong adaptability, high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions, resistance to ring rot and rot, no resistance to scab and strong drought resistance. The crown is tall, and the plant spacing can reach 3 m× 4 m under the condition of Qiao Hua rootstock cultivation and 2 m× 4 m under the condition of dwarf rootstock cultivation. Pollination varieties can choose Xuehua pear, Zaosu pear and so on.

(5) Cold and red

It was bred by the Fruit Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and its parents were Nanguo Pear× Jinsu, which was approved by Jilin Crop Variety Approval Committee in March 2003. The fruit is round, with an average weight of 200 grams and a maximum weight of 450 grams. The pericarp has a bright yellow background, a bright blush on the sunny side, a deep and wide calyx, many sepals falling off, a shallow and wide petiole, and a beautiful appearance. Small core, fine meat, crisp, juicy, few stone cells, sweet and sour taste, containing soluble solids 14% ~ 16%, and good quality. In Gongzhuling area of Jilin Province, buds germinate in the middle and late April, blossom in early May, and fruit ripens in late September.

The tree has medium potential, half-open posture, high germination rate and medium branching ability. Young trees mainly bear long branches, mature trees mainly bear short branches and axillary flower buds, and bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. Planting on sloping land is beneficial to fruit coloring, with plant spacing of 3 m× 4 m or 4 m× 5 m, and pollination varieties can be Pingxiang pear, Jinxiangshui pear and so on. Pay attention to the control of peach fruit borer. Strong cold resistance.

(6) Leng Xiang

It was bred by Fruit Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and its parents were Daxianghui× Pingxiang pear in Yanbian. It was approved by Jilin Crop Variety Approval Committee in February 2002. The fruit is nearly round, the average single fruit weight is 150 ~ 170g, and the fruit size is neat. At harvest, the peel is yellow-green, with a blush on the sunny side. After storage, the peel is bright yellow, the fruit point is small, the fruit stalk is medium and long, the fruit stalk is shallow, the sepals are persistent, the calyx depression is shallow and wide, and the peel is thin. The flesh is white and the core is small. It was hard when I first harvested it. After 10, the cooked pulp becomes soft, tender, juicy, with few stone cells, sweet and sour taste, soluble solids content 16%, and high quality. It can be stored in common fruit pits for 40 ~ 60 days. In the middle of Jilin Province, the flower buds expand in the middle and late April, bloom in the middle of May, and harvest the fruits in the late September.

The crown is wide and conical, the young branches are relatively open, and the tree is thick and dry. High germination rate and strong branches. Short fruit branches and axillary flower buds mainly bear fruit, which begins to bear fruit about 4 years after planting. The self-pollination rate is only 2.5%, and pollination trees must be provided to build the garden. The varieties suitable for pollination can be Zaoli 18, Pingxiang pear, Pingguoli pear and so on. The suitable ratio of main cultivated varieties to pollinated varieties is 3∶ 1 or 5∶ 1. The cold resistance of Hanxiang pear is close to rhubarb, slightly higher than Nanguo pear, and obviously higher than Pingxiang pear, Zaoli pear 18 and other varieties. More resistant to pear scab.

(7) Jinhua No.4

Jinhua pear bud mutation superior line, native to Jinchuan County, Sichuan Province. The average fruit weight is 465,438+0.5 ~ 462 g, oval or oblong. The peel is yellow, the fruit surface is smooth and waxy, the stem is narrow, there are a few rust spots around it, the sepals fall off, the calyx is wide and deep, and the edge is ribbed; Small core, white flesh, tender meat, crisp and juicy, few stone cells and sweet taste. It contains soluble solids 12.7% ~ 17.0%, and its quality is above average or excellent. Fruits can generally be preserved until April-May of the following year. In Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, flower buds germinate in early April, bloom in early May, the fruit matures in the middle of 10, and the fruit development period is 159 days.

The crown is round and the young trees are upright. As a result, the tree was half open and the branches were thick. The tree is stout, with a germination rate of 87.8% and weak branching ability. Generally, 1 ~ 2 branches grow under the incision. The planting density can be 4 ~ 6m× 1.5 ~ 3m between rows. Early fruiting is strong, and the grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting, mainly with short fruit branches. The tree shape is tree trunk sparse, small crown sparse or free spindle. Pollination varieties are Cangxi Sydney, Jinfeng, Zaosu and Wujiu Li Xiang. Strong resistance to scab, ring rot and fruit eating disease, but no resistance to aphids, rust and pear psylla.

(8) Huali 1

Breeding of Huazhong Agricultural University, the parents are Xiangnan× Dao Jiang, which was approved by Hubei Crop Variety Approval Committee on 1997. The fruit is oval, with an average single fruit weight of 3 10g and a maximum of over 700g. The fruit has regular shape, light brown surface, large tip and sepals falling off. The stone is big, the flesh is white, the meat is tender and crisp, the juice is rich, the sweetness and sourness are moderate, the soluble solid content is 12% ~ 13.5%, and the quality is excellent. Fruits can be stored at room temperature for about 20 days. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, flower buds germinate in early March, start to bloom in the middle and late March, drop flowers in late April, and fruit ripens in early September. The fruit development period is about 160 days.

These trees are strong and open. High germination rate and weak branching ability. The young trees with first fruit mainly bear fruit with medium and long branches, and the full fruit trees mainly bear fruit with short branches, which has strong ability to bear fruit continuously. Generally, the row spacing is 4 ~ 5m× 2 ~ 3m, the pollinated varieties can be chrysanthemum and yellow flower, and the ratio of main cultivated varieties to pollinated varieties is 4 ~ 6: 1. Resistance to pear scab.