Sanhua plum 1 How to plant, the choice of garden and planting specifications, Sanhua plum garden should choose loose soil, good soil permeability and good drainage. Where the groundwater level is low, it is necessary to dig deep ditches, raise beds and plant in low-lying areas. The general planting specifications are plant row spacing 12× 12 ft, 4 1 plant per mu, 10× 10 ft, 60 plants per mu, and the density can be appropriately increased in mountainous areas, with 70-80 plants per mu. Before planting, dig a pit and apply sufficient base fertilizer to improve the soil and create a system for root growth. When digging a pit, the topsoil in the pit should be piled up separately. Generally, it is required that the planting pit should be dug up one month ago, preferably earlier, so as to facilitate soil weathering. The base fertilizer should be returned to the soil in into the pit a few days before planting. When returning the base fertilizer to the soil, put the topsoil at the bottom of the pit, and then 1-2 carry peat mud, green manure, compost, garbage, etc. And put 2-3 kilograms of lime in layers. Finally, each plant should put 2 loads of decomposed farm manure and 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, and the fertilizer and soil should be fully mixed, and the soil returned to the field should be about 5-6 inches higher than the ground.
2. Planting season and planting method: Sanhua plum is a deciduous fruit tree. Generally, it is advisable to plant it after defoliation and before germination in Dazhai, so that the survival rate is high and the growth is fast. The suitable planting depth is the joint where the soil is not covered (that is, the joint between underground root groups and aboveground trunk). When planting, the trunk of seedlings should be straight and the root groups should be naturally spread. Then, fill the pit with fine soil and arrange the trees in a tree tray. Then, cover a thin layer of loose soil with enough root-fixing water. After planting for 2-3 days, the soil will sink slightly. At this time, the seedlings should be supported by posts to prevent them from blowing down. At the same time, the tree tray should be covered with grass and watered frequently to keep it moist. A month later, topdressing was started to promote the germination of new roots and the emergence of new buds.
Construction of Sanhua Pear Planting Science and Technology Park
1, garden selection and planting density Sanhua plum has strong adaptability to climate, but garden selection is very important to obtain stable and high yield. Gardens are generally built in mountainous areas or slopes with abundant sunshine, deep soil layers, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Generally, the soil conditions are good and the crown is large. The planting density is 5×4m, and 33 plants are planted every 667m2. However, in hilly land and sandy land with poor soil, it can be planted closely, with row spacing of 3-4m and plant spacing of 2-3m, with 55-11plant per 667 plants. According to the requirements of high standards, terraces of the same grade should be built on the hillside for planting.
2. Dig a pit and backfill before planting. Dig a planting pit with a length of 100cm and a width of 80cm. When digging a pit, dig vertically, with equal length and width, and put the topsoil and subsoil aside. When backfilling, the topsoil is filled into the bottom of the hole, and then 50-6544 layers of weeds, green manure, compost and garbage manure are added. Mix subsoil, decomposed farm manure 1, calcium superphosphate 1- 1.5 kg, and fill it in the middle and upper part of the pit to make a mound with a diameter of 100cm, which should be about 20cm higher than the ground, so as to avoid insufficient filling and water accumulation and root rot in the pit after the soil sinks.
3 Planting period and planting method Sanhua plum is a deciduous fruit tree, which should be planted before the spring shoots of seedlings germinate, with high survival rate; After the spring seedlings mature, they can be planted around Grain Rain, but the survival rate is low. When planting, first dig a small hole in the center of the mound, and then put the seedlings upright in the into the pit to let the roots stretch naturally. The planting depth shall be subject to the original nursery depth, and the soil shall not cover the joints. Hold the seedlings with one hand, fill the soil with the other hand, let the soil fully contact with the root system, step on it tightly, and then spread a layer of loose soil to make a tree tray with a slightly lower middle and a slightly higher periphery. After the seedlings are planted, they should be watered thoroughly in time, once every two days in sunny days to ensure the survival of the seedlings.
rational application of fertilizer
1. Young tree fertilization According to the characteristics of young trees producing more bamboo shoots, Sanhua plum young trees cultivate bamboo shoots in spring, summer and autumn every year. Fertilization of young trees should adhere to the principle of diligent application and thin application. Fertilization should focus on before and after new shoots. Generally, the application method of one branch and two fertilizers is adopted, that is, shoot-promoting fertilizer is applied before new shoots germinate, and shoot-strengthening fertilizer is applied after new shoots germinate, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer, preferably retting. You can also mix water with 50kg urea 150-200g, or spread fertilizer in time after rain.
2. Fertilization of the fruiting tree The fertilization of the fruiting tree of Sanhua plum includes: ① base fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be applied early in autumn, which has a good effect on restoring tree vigor, enriching flower buds and enhancing overwintering ability. Practice has proved that applying base fertilizer in autumn is the key to harvest Sanhua plum. The base fertilizer is mainly slow-acting organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Farmhouse manure, filter mud and calcium magnesium phosphate are piled up in advance every year, and furrow fertilization method is adopted in September-1October (two symmetrical furrows are dug, with a length of 80- 100cm, a width of 50cm and a depth of 60-80cm), with an organic fertilizer of 50cm and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of about 2kg. Weeds, green manure, soil miscellaneous manure, etc. It should be placed at the bottom of the ditch (quicklime 1kg should be added to the soil with high acidity to neutralize the acidity of the soil), and then organic fertilizer (mixed fermented pig manure, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc.) should be applied. ) should be fully mixed with soil and filled in the middle and upper part of the ditch. The fill should be 20cm above the ground to prevent the water from rotting after the soil sinks.
② Fertilize before flowering. In order to promote the germination of plum trees, 0.5kg urea, 0.5kg potassium chloride or 65,438+0 kg compound fertilizer were applied to the trees half a month before flowering (about 65,438+mid-February), which were placed in the shallow ditch at the drip line position of the crown, watered and covered with soil after fertilization.
③ Strong fruit and fertilizer. The fertilization time of strong fruit fertilizer is from March to April, which is an important period for fruit development and spring shoot growth. However, due to the heavy rain during this period, the soil nutrient loss is serious. In order to meet the needs of normal growth of fruits and branches, it is necessary to apply quick-acting fertilizer at one time. If the nutrients are insufficient, it will affect the growth of spring shoots and cause a lot of physiological fruit drop. Potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and 0.3-0.5 kg urea, 0.5 kg potassium chloride or 1 kg compound fertilizer is applied to each plant. The fertilization method is the same as before flowering. Or apply decomposed bran fertilizer, and apply boiled peanut bran water fertilizer 15-20kg on the plant, and the fruit quality will be better.
(4) picking fruit fertilizer. Because fruit trees consume a lot of organic nutrients, in order to restore tree vigor and promote flower bud differentiation, shallow furrow fertilization method is adopted, and quick-acting fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, is supplemented once after fruit picking, with urea 1kg, potassium chloride 0.5kg or compound fertilizer 1.5kg per plant. Or 20-25kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each plant.
3. When the fruits are ripe and harvested, the whole garden is ploughed to a depth of 5- 10 cm, and the fine roots on the surface of the orchard are cut off. At the same time, the whole garden is sprayed with quicklime once, and the dosage is 50kg /666.7m2. After one week, each plant is sprayed with potassium chloride or sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once. Then cover the tree tray with awn dustpan and weeds to prevent high temperature and dryness in summer and improve soil fertility.
Leave flowers and fruits to improve the fruit setting rate.
Spraying 0. 1% borax in bud stage, spraying 0.2% urea +0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Lv Wang No.2 combined with pest control after flowering, and spraying 30-60 ppm 920+0. 1% urea or "Dayun-128" in rainy days when the fruit is light in color and uneven in size. If the early temperature is high and the late temperature is low, use 5 ppm2 and 4-D combined with foliar fertilizer to protect the fruit after rain or cloudy days. If the temperature is high and the sun is strong, 2,4-D should be stopped.
Shaping and pruning
1. Shaping young trees mainly focuses on shaping the crown that can quickly promote high yield. After planting, pick the core when the plant grows to 40cm, then select 3-4 new shoots with strong growth and uniform top distribution, cultivate them into primary main branches, and smooth the rest. When the primary main branch grows to 25-30 cm, it will be cored again to promote its branching, and this operation will be carried out when each new shoot grows to 25-30 cm. After a year of plastic surgery, plum tree has been cultivated into a natural and happy high-yield tree.
2. Pruning: Pruning from defoliation to budding, cutting all the last branches and overgrown branches over 30cm short1/3-1/4, which can not only control the vegetative growth of the tree, but also achieve the effect of thinning flower buds and leaf buds and improve the quality of flower buds. At the same time, the dead branches, drooping branches, slender branches, pests and diseases of the crown are relieved, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved. In addition, for overlapping branches and dense branches, 1/4 of the number of 3-5-year-old branches is recovered every year. Through pruning, the tree structure is reasonable, the number of short branches of fruit trees is increased, the spring shoots are promoted to produce bamboo shoots neatly and healthily, and conditions are created for high yield and high quality.
In fact, I think the planting process of Sanhua plum is really a complicated process. In fact, it takes a lot of energy to grow fruit trees. First, we should choose a site that conforms to the light and heat of Sanhua plum, followed by fertilization. There are many kinds of fertilizers. As mentioned above, in the process of planting Sanhua plum, different kinds of fertilizers need to be given to Sanhua plum at different planting stages. Sanhua plum also needs pruning when planting, giving it more sunshine area, getting more nutrients and improving fruit yield.