(1) Enhance safety awareness. Every family member should know the structure of his bedroom and the escape route like the back of his hand, and design more than two evacuation plans, so that everyone is familiar with them. Conduct family fire training at least once every six months, according to the evacuation route in the plan. Good training is the key to escape. People in China are taboo, but they don't want to say or think unlucky things in peacetime. When westerners stay in hotels, the first thing they need to know is not the degree of luxury, but the fire safety. They should be prepared for danger in times of peace and remain calm.
(2) Evacuation in the early stage of fire. At the beginning of the fire, the temperature is generally not high, but the smoke is large. If you can't put it out, you should leave the burning room quickly and close the doors and windows to prevent the fire and smoke from spreading to adjacent rooms. Families with telephones should call the police in time, and then organize family members to evacuate according to the plan. At this time, run away first, don't waste time to get valuables. The order of evacuation is children, the elderly, women, and then men. After evacuating to a safe area, if it is found that there are still people who have not evacuated and cannot return rashly, they should wait for the rescue of firefighters. Generally, there are more than two exits in the living room, one is the door, and the other is the balcony and window. When the first exit is blocked by fire, you should try to evacuate from the second exit.
(3) self-help when trapped in a fire. When the fire develops to a violent stage, it is difficult to evacuate in a planned way, so we can only improvise and save ourselves calmly. According to the data of the fire department, the proportion of people who died of smoke poisoning and suffocation in the fire was higher than that of those who were burned to death. Some people were burned to death after losing consciousness due to smoke poisoning and suffocation. Therefore, preventing smoke poisoning and suffocation when trapped is the first step of all self-help.
① Smoke prevention methods. The main method is to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to breathe. If you can't find a warm towel at the moment, you can use clothes or other cotton products instead of soaking. In the case of water shortage, urine can also be used for emergency. Wet towels can not only filter smoke and prevent poisoning, but also moisten the air, lower the air temperature and reduce the burn of dry and hot air to the respiratory tract.
(2) heat protection methods. Wet your clothes, wrap them in a quilt, fill the bathtub and bath with water, turn on the tap, soak your body in the water, leave your nostrils on the water, and cover your breath with a wet towel. In the absence of water, don't slap the burning person, roll on the spot until the fire is put out.
3 escape method. The escape method mainly depends on the building structure and fire situation.
A. use balconies and windows to escape. Use ropes or torn pieces to form ropes and slide to the lower balcony, and then enter the room from the lower balcony and window to escape.
B. use the sewer to escape. Generally, the sewer pipe of a house is located between the balcony and the window. Iron sewer pipes are relatively strong and can be used to escape.
C. Wrap yourself in a wet quilt and rush out of the fire to escape downstairs. Try not to escape to the upper level. Floor Fire Due to stack effect, the speed of fire spreading upward is much faster than that of fire spreading downward.
D. when you can't break through, don't hide under the bed or in the closet. Indoor spaces such as bathrooms and toilets should be avoided as far as possible. These spaces have neither combustibles nor water sources. Close the doors and windows immediately after entering, turn on the faucet, tear off the clothes, and suck up the gaps between the doors and windows to prevent the smoke from invading.
E. Be forced to the balcony and roof by fire, no way back, but when there is no serious life threat for the time being, calm yourself down, stick to this place and wait for the rescue of firefighters. Don't make a move. Many people should comfort each other and stabilize their emotions.
F. Under the condition of not jumping to death, you should hold some soft items such as quilts and sofa cushions tightly, and choose to jump to the asbestos tile carport, garden grass, pool river or leafy trees downstairs to slow down the impact. When jumping with bare hands, put your head in your hands, bend your body and roll into a ball.
G. When being suffocated by smoke and losing self-help ability, try to roll to the wall for firefighters to find and rescue. The firemen groped along the wall when they entered the room. In addition, rolling on the wall can also prevent the house from falling and hurting yourself.
The situation on the fire is ever-changing, so it is difficult to make a comprehensive prediction here. Survival is human instinct. Trapped in the fire, some people died in the fire, while others escaped safely. Apart from objective reasons, I'm afraid the important thing is the difference of everyone's adaptability. A philosopher once said, "Only those who are desperate have no despair." If you can improvise when you encounter difficulties, you will be out of danger. Wise men use experience to avoid bloodshed, while fools exchange blood for experience.