1. Variety selection
The main variety of fig cultivated in protected facilities is Maxi peach powder, which has large fruit shape, no cracking, strong commercialization, soft branches and easy pruning. In addition, the cold resistance of this variety is weak and it is not suitable for open cultivation in the north.
2. Suitable tree shape
Linear cultivation is better in plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses, and X-shaped pruning can also be used in areas with good light. In addition, cluster pruning is also a common tree form in protected cultivation.
3. Planting density
The direct cutting row spacing of plastic greenhouse is 1.8~2.0m, the plant spacing is 2~3m, and the planting direction is north-south. In the solar greenhouse, it can also be a straight line, east-west direction. The spacing between the first row on the south side is 1.5m, and the spacing between the other rows is1.8m. Three or four rows can be planted, and the height of the horizontal main branches from the ground in the first row on the south side is increased from 0.3m to 0.4m, 0.5m and 0.55m..
cover
The temperature required for normal germination of fig is about 65438 05℃. Below this temperature, germination is slow and irregular. Therefore, the areas that need to be planted in the north of the Yellow River or the varieties that need to be planted in the south of the Yellow River should be covered with plastic film as soon as possible to prevent freezing injury. When the average indoor temperature reaches about 15℃, it can germinate and sprout. Areas and varieties that do not need to be buried in winter can be covered from the middle and late February to the early March, which can reduce management costs. At present, most of the materials used for covering are PVC drip-free films, and in addition, materials such as straw curtains are needed to keep warm at night.
5. Temperature and humidity management
After covering, the temperature in the facility rises rapidly in sunny days, but decreases slowly at night, and the change is greater than that in the open air. For a period of time after mulching, the temperature should not be too high during the day and too low at night, and it should generally be kept between 10~20℃ to facilitate the germination of buds and the growth of new shoots. If the temperature rises too fast during the day, it should be ventilated in time; If the outdoor temperature is too low at night, cover the grass curtain early to keep warm. After germination and shoot growth, the daytime temperature can be gradually increased to 25~30℃, and the indoor relative temperature can be controlled at 60%~70%, which can promote the growth and enrichment of new shoots, inflorescence differentiation and fruit development. In the later stage of this stage, if the outside temperature reaches the temperature suitable for growth, local film removal should be considered.
Uncover the film
The specific time and method of uncovering the film depends on the change of air temperature. The specific operation is basically the same as other fruit tree facilities cultivation.
7. Fertilization
Under the condition of protected cultivation, fertilizer management is mainly based on base fertilizer. In addition, according to the law of plant growth and development, topdressing should be 1~2 times. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the topdressing is mainly quick-acting compound fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is properly controlled.
8. Harvest
The ripening period of fruits that began to be covered in early March was 20 ~ 25 days earlier than that of open cultivation, and the fruit development period in a single day was shortened by 5 ~ 7 days. The early fruit yield accounts for 30%~50% of the total output, which can improve the fruit yield and increase the weight of single fruit, but the internal quality has declined.