Shortcut. That is, part of the tips and buds on the branches are cut off, so that nutrients are supplied centrally, and the cut buds are in an advantage, and strong branches are sprouted. Retraction of perennial branches is also a shortcut. If there are vegetative branches under the cutting section, which can be extended again, it is called "shrinking branches" and plays a role in renewal; Those who do not leave leading branches below the kerf are called "blocking", which is used to inhibit their growth and often force them to switch branches. Generally, the heavier the short cut, the stronger the local stimulation to the incision and its lower part, and the stronger the inhibition to the whole plant and even the root system. If young trees are pruned too much, the results will often be delayed.
Pick your heart. That is to say, the tender part of the growing new bud is removed. The function is to inhibit the continuous growth of branches, promote nutrients to turn to their lower buds or their adjacent parts, and facilitate flower formation or fruit setting.
Thinning means thinning some branches and buds from the base. Because the nutrient area of the mother branch is reduced, it causes certain trauma, and the upper branch potential of thinning branches slows down and the lower branch strengthens. The influence of thinning on the whole depends on the type and quantity of thinning branches. Spare weak branches, dense branches or long branches, which can reduce useless consumption, increase effective photosynthetic area and be beneficial to comprehensive nutrition; However, thinning out too many vegetative branches will reduce nutrient accumulation and weaken the root system and tree potential.
In the growing season, operations such as removing buds and wiping tips are also thinning branches, which are often used for evergreen fruit trees. Slow down. Let the vegetative branches extend naturally, without cutting, and use the weak terminal bud extension to gradually slow down and weaken its apical advantage, improve the bud germination rate, promote the growth of short branches and induce flowering. Slow release is usually combined with increasing the branching angle, and the effect is obvious when the branches grow nearly horizontally or obliquely. But it is generally not used for branches whose backs are too thick and upright.
Others, such as cutting, girdling (girdling), twisting or softening branches, hurt a certain part of organs or transport tissues, temporarily change the transport direction or speed of nutrients, and also have good effects on slowing down vigorous growth, promoting flowering and improving fruit setting. The application of various pruning methods should be different from tree to tree, taking into account the growth and fruiting characteristics of different tree species and varieties, rootstocks, tree age, tree vigor and other factors, as well as the characteristics of natural conditions and the level of cultivation management. Generally speaking, the main branches should maintain vigorous growth; For auxiliary branches, the growth potential should be slowed down in time to transform them into fruiting branches; For the old and weak branches, they should be pruned and updated in time. When pruning, the minimum necessary pruning amount should be used as much as possible, especially for young trees.