With the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for beauty are getting higher and higher. Nowadays, all kinds of plastic surgery can make you have beautiful eyes, beautiful face and slim figure, but it is a defect to match ugly teeth. How to have a real, white and neat tooth in a short time? Porcelain teeth can help you realize your wish.

Porcelain tooth is a very advanced restoration technology in the world and has been widely used in developed countries. There are many kinds of porcelain, among which all-porcelain, non-precious metal porcelain and precious metal porcelain are popular at present. Its biggest feature is:

First, the scope of application is wide. For example, individual teeth are irregular, teeth are too wide, teeth are broken, teeth are missing, tetracycline teeth, enamel hypoplasia, tooth deformity and so on.

Second, it takes a short time. Generally, two visits can be completed.

Third, it is realistic and durable. The color of porcelain teeth is complete, which can be compared and matched according to the patient's own requirements or the color of surrounding teeth. The manufactured teeth are true and natural in color, wear-resistant and not deformed.

Porcelain teeth also have the characteristics of good biocompatibility, no irritation to oral tissues and easy cleaning. It can not only restore the function of teeth, but also have a cosmetic effect. Its edge tightness is much better than that of traditional restorations. The introduction of porcelain-fused-to-metal technology has made many dental patients get what they want and often laugh. Generally speaking, porcelain teeth are more expensive than traditional restorations.

In addition, when wearing porcelain, we should pay attention to the following points:

1. The first time I wore porcelain, I felt slightly uncomfortable. Patients should practice patiently and adapt gradually.

2. Eat soft food when you just wear it, and get used to eating normal food.

3. Keep your mouth clean and get into the habit of brushing your teeth in the morning and evening and gargling after meals.

4. Those who wear porcelain teeth improperly or oppress mucous membrane and cause pain should be returned to repair in time.

Brief introduction of porcelain teeth

Porcelain teeth, the full name of porcelain fused to metal restorations, are restorations made by melting ceramic powder and combining it with specially treated metal surfaces under vacuum conditions with the help of high temperature. Its aesthetics and biocompatibility are irreplaceable by other prostheses, and it is the most ideal prosthesis so far.

/kloc-ceramics have been used for dental restoration since the end of 0/8th century. By 1950s, great progress had been made in the development and improvement of porcelain-fused-to-metal and ceramics. By the 1990s, porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration had been widely carried out in major cities in China. However, due to the high precision requirements of materials (metal and ceramic powder), design and manufacture, the quality of porcelain fused to metal teeth in the market is uneven.

1. What are the advantages of porcelain teeth?

1, good edge sealing. Some friends may have suffered this loss: a bad tooth or a few missing teeth, after passing through Kouga, gold teeth have been wrapped for about ten years, and they feel smelly or painful. It is because the crown of the denture is not tightly sealed with the real tooth, saliva and food residues will penetrate into it, and the real tooth will gradually corrode, thus the denture stinks and becomes loose, which is the result of poor sealing of the denture. The making of porcelain teeth needs edge matching. In the subgingival position of 1mm, a special water-insoluble bonding material is added to ensure the edge sealing.

2. Beautiful. The color can be adjusted to be the same as real teeth and will never change color. All-ceramic teeth are more ideal in color and have the same refractive index as real teeth (titanium, gold and platinum).

3. Good biocompatibility. In particular, porcelain teeth and all-ceramic teeth made of bio-precious metals are chemically inert, corrosion-resistant and unorganized, while ordinary stainless steel porcelain teeth have dark gray edges after wearing for a period of time.

4. Extremely high strength. After melting at high temperature and combining with ceramic powder, gold resin can bear the chewing force in the mouth, and the bonding force between precious metal and ceramic teeth is stronger.

5. Protect the hard tissue and pulp of teeth, because the teeth that need porcelain teeth are often discolored and decayed. After the porcelain crown is made, the whole real tooth is surrounded by gold, and the force when chewing acts on the crown, which will not crack or collapse. The adhesive and porcelain layer bonded to porcelain crown have good insulation, which prevents the damage of external stimuli to dental pulp.

Second, the composition of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown: gold inner crown, colorimetric porcelain, dentin porcelain and enamel porcelain.

3. What are the factors that affect the quality of porcelain teeth?

1, technology, the same German porcelain powder is often seen in clinic, and the porcelain teeth made are beautiful in appearance, true in color, wear-resistant, porcelain-free, and the opposite.

A high-quality porcelain tooth, in addition to high-quality porcelain powder and metal, is also closely related to the whole manufacturing process of porcelain tooth: reasonable gold crown design, preheating temperature of porcelain powder, heating rate, final firing temperature and holding time, and vacuum pumping must be strictly implemented.

2. Clinical design and operation

It doesn't mean to create beauty. Even if it is a perfect restoration, porcelain teeth should be suitable for chewing physiology, and there will be no adverse reactions and porcelain collapse after long-term use. This requires clinicians to operate scientifically and reasonably, and more importantly, to determine the number of teeth, marginal position, pulp treatment, disinfection and bonding.

Indications of porcelain teeth

Tooth fracture, defect, dentition defect (missing teeth), deformed teeth that are not suitable for correction, dentition irregularity, crown discoloration, dead pulp teeth, tetracycline teeth, fixed restoration of dentition defect, large-area vertically filled teeth, abutment fixed by bolts, etc.

Advantages of porcelain teeth

1, good edge sealing.

Some friends may have suffered this loss: a bad tooth or a few missing teeth, after passing through Kouga, gold teeth have been wrapped for about ten years, and they feel smelly or painful. It is because the crown of the denture is not tightly sealed with the real tooth, saliva and food residues will penetrate into it, and the real tooth will gradually corrode, thus the denture stinks and becomes loose, which is the result of poor sealing of the denture. The making of porcelain teeth needs edge matching. In the subgingival position of 1mm, a special water-insoluble bonding material is added to ensure the edge sealing.

2. Beautiful.

The color can be adjusted to be the same as real teeth and will never change color. All-ceramic teeth are more ideal in color and have the same refractive index as real teeth (titanium, gold and platinum).

3. Good biocompatibility.

In particular, porcelain teeth and all-ceramic teeth made of bio-precious metals are chemically inert, corrosion-resistant and unorganized, while ordinary stainless steel porcelain teeth have dark gray edges after wearing for a period of time.

4. Extremely high strength.

After melting at high temperature and combining with ceramic powder, gold resin can bear the chewing force in the mouth, and the bonding force between precious metal and ceramic teeth is stronger.

5. Protect the hard tissue and pulp of teeth.

Because the teeth that need to be made of porcelain teeth often change color and decay, after the porcelain crown is made, the whole real tooth is surrounded by gold, and the force when chewing acts on the crown and will not crack or collapse. The adhesive and porcelain layer bonded to porcelain crown have good insulation, which prevents the damage of external stimuli to dental pulp.

Is it better to have a living pulp or a dead pulp when porcelain is restored?

There are different opinions about whether porcelain restoration is good for living pulp or dead pulp, but in recent years, it tends to the following views:

1. If the tooth is still alive after treatment in other departments, it can be prepared directly without killing pulp.

2. If the vital pulp keeps no symptoms of pulpitis all the time during the porcelain restoration treatment, the vital pulp can bond with the restoration, and the prognosis is good;

If there are symptoms of pulpitis, it is necessary to perform perfect root canal filling treatment first, and then bond the prosthesis after the root canal filling reaction basically disappears, and the prognosis is also good.

3. For teeth with abnormal position or abnormal tooth length extraction direction, pulp can be killed in advance according to cosmetic needs;

Because after pulp killing and perfect root canal treatment, there is no risk of pulpitis in porcelain restorations. If the patient requests, pulp can be killed first and then restored.

The selection of porcelain teeth is very important.

Uneven dentition, teeth with different sizes, stained teeth and tetracycline teeth are all very common dental problems that damage the image. Dentists said that this is also an important reason for the popularity of porcelain restoration in recent years. However, I have also heard that many friends will have black lines on the gingival margin after porcelain teeth are finished. Some people even have swollen gums and bleeding, and their beautiful teeth have become ruined. Some people even doubt the technology of porcelain teeth. What is the reason?

An expert in stomatology at Shanghai Mingde Otolaryngology Hospital said: "The phenomenon of gingival margin black line and gingival blackening appeared shortly after porcelain teeth were restored, which was mostly related to the selected porcelain tooth materials. There are many materials of porcelain teeth, and the cost varies greatly. In developed countries, porcelain restorations are mainly made of precious metals and all-ceramic teeth. However, due to the limitation of economic conditions, some Chinese people will choose cheaper materials as the inner crown. The so-called cheap porcelain tooth material refers to nickel-cobalt alloy, which will release nickel ions continuously when it comes into contact with gums, which makes some people with sensitive constitution not only prone to allergic reactions, but also prone to adverse reactions such as gingival swelling and bleeding. At the same time, a large number of nickel ions deposited in the gums will make the gums black. It is best to do it in a regular hospital, and it is even more insecure to do it in a small clinic that is not standardized. It is precisely because of this that this material is not allowed to be used abroad. "

So what kind of materials should we choose? Experts suggest that titanium alloy is the most economical material for porcelain teeth, and gold alloy can be used for higher requirements, because gold has been used as a material for dental restoration in China for thousands of years, with stable physical and chemical properties, good compatibility with oral gingival tissue and good bonding ability with ceramics. However, due to the yellow color of gold itself, it is difficult to fully meet the needs of demanding patients, so the appearance of all-ceramic teeth has become everyone's new favorite, especially public figures? At present, Mingde Otolaryngology Hospital has also introduced this advanced MHCC all-ceramic tooth technology. This new type of composite bio-strong porcelain tooth has good transparency, excellent color, more realistic appearance and is hard and not easy to collapse. The only drawback is that MHCC all-ceramic teeth are really "noble" porcelain teeth.

It can be seen that it is not as simple as buying clothes. Beauty is important, but health should be the first priority. In order to achieve the dual goals of health and beauty, we should follow the doctor's advice and weigh which is more important before making a decision.

Correct understanding of orthodontics

If a person's teeth grow irregularly, it will not only affect the appearance, but also affect the function of pronunciation and chewing, which has a certain negative impact on psychology and should be corrected.

At present, China has made great progress in orthodontics, but it is not very common to carry out this work, so not everyone can correct irregular teeth. Generally speaking, people who are young, healthy and have good oral conditions have better treatment effects.

Before orthodontic treatment, the patient's teeth should be treated thoroughly, such as pulling out all the diseased teeth that can't be treated or should not be preserved (such as supernumerary teeth and embedded teeth). ) can be used for orthodontic treatment. The key to the treatment of oral deformity lies in early detection and treatment. Infants and young children should go to the hospital for dental examination after their deciduous teeth come out at the age of two and a half. Under the guidance of a doctor, do a good job in children's oral health care and correct bad habits such as sucking fingers and hanging things. If possible, children should have an oral examination once a year. Common deciduous teeth should be treated at about 4 years old, the replacement period should be 7- 12 years old, and the best period of permanent teeth correction is 12- 14 years old.

Orthodontics is a process of rearranging teeth and restoring oral function and normal shape under the premise of keeping the original tooth shape unchanged. It is not only for beauty, but also a biological reconstruction process of oral bones, which usually takes about two years and should not interfere with study and work. If the child only has irregular teeth, he can wait until the early stage of permanent dentition (after changing teeth). If irregular teeth are accompanied by mandibular retrusion or maxillary hypoplasia, he should be treated immediately.

Before orthodontics, it is necessary to make a plaster model for future treatment. Doctors design various orthoses according to the condition. At present, there are many kinds of orthoses, such as movable orthosis, edgewise arch, Begg, TN, Alexander and so on. Now there is more advanced MBT orthodontic technology. Orthopedics are worn in the mouth and are usually checked and treated once every two to three weeks. How long the appliance should be worn depends on the specific situation.

At present, there are many medical institutions with orthodontic treatment in China, but not many doctors have received formal study, and many orthodontic teeth are not treated in time. Therefore, it is necessary to publicize the knowledge of preventing and protecting teeth, remove bad habits that hinder oral development, and prevent the occurrence of dentition as soon as possible.

Fashion choice

With the development and progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for beauty is increasing. Orthodontics has been accepted by more and more people. Having healthy, white and beautiful teeth is no longer a dream, and orthodontics has become a fashionable topic.

Orthodontics is medically called the correction of dentofacial deformities or the orthodontic treatment of malocclusion. It is by applying continuous micro-force, the dislocated teeth are gradually moved to a reasonable position, and the teeth are arranged neatly. Bad dentition mainly includes dislocation, torsion, protrusion, backward inclination, crowding and sparse teeth. These diseases not only affect oral function, but also affect appearance, bring serious psychological obstacles to children and cause social fear syndrome to adults.

Orthodontics is a boring process, and metal particles (brackets) stick to teeth, which brings some distress to Amy. In order to make the treatment lively, interesting and lovely, scientists invented transparent brackets, porcelain brackets with the same color as teeth, invisible braces and colored rubber ligatures, which made the orthodontic process more fashionable.

Orthodontics is a very professional business in dentistry, and only orthodontists who have undergone strict training and obtained professional recognition can carry out this treatment. The goal of orthodontics is to restore and reconstruct the normal morphology and physiological function of dentition, which must be taken into account in order to achieve the harmonious beauty of dentition and appearance.

Dental experts in Mingde Hospital reminded: 1, choose a specialist for orthodontics to ensure the treatment effect; 2. Before treatment, a careful plan should be made according to the individual situation, which can predict the treatment effect; 3. The best time to master orthodontics is 4 years old, 12- 15 years old, which will get twice the result with half the effort. Adult orthodontic age is not limited, but it takes a long time, the curative effect is not as good as that of teenagers, and the storage period is longer; 4, should be timely follow-up according to the requirements of the doctor, in case of equipment parts fall off, should seek medical advice in time.

Rapid orthodontic method for adults

At the age of 35, Miss Wang's teeth were irregularly arranged. When I was a child, my family was in a bad condition and there was no condition to correct it. After several years of hard work, Miss Wang finally has her own company. But every time I meet a customer, Miss Wang always feels that the "crooked teeth" at the door will more or less reduce her self-confidence and want to go to the hospital for orthodontics. But the doctor told Miss Wang that she had missed the best opportunity for orthodontics, so it might take at least two years. It takes too much time. If you wear braces, what should you do to meet your clients during this time? To this end, Miss Wang is very upset.

Under the introduction of a friend, Miss Wang came to the Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Mingde Otolaryngology Hospital. After careful examination, the doctor suggested that she make porcelain teeth. The doctor explained to her the method of making porcelain teeth, and took out some comparison pictures before and after treatment similar to her situation, telling her that making porcelain teeth like Miss Wang Can can not only correct those "crooked teeth", but also save time, and achieve the desired effect in eight to ten days.

Miss Wang readily accepted the doctor's advice and made four porcelain teeth, which not only changed the problem of uneven upper teeth, but also made the upper lip plump. She also said happily, "My lips seem to have become beautiful!" " .

The doctor pointed out: for adults, growth and development have stopped, bone metabolism and alveolar bone remodeling are relatively slow, teeth move relatively slowly, and the treatment of tooth deformity takes a long time and the process is complicated. Based on many years' clinical experience, the Department of Stomatology of Mingde Otolaryngology Hospital skillfully applies porcelain tooth technology to the treatment of adult teeth, which is a very good choice for white-collar workers with high image requirements and short time requirements. Due to the fine manufacturing process, porcelain teeth are very similar to real teeth in size, color, luster and shape. If you choose a good porcelain tooth material and pay attention to daily maintenance, the service life is also equivalent to that of natural teeth.

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Trigeminal neuralgia is a kind of recurrent severe pain in the distribution area of facial trigeminal nerve.

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common nervous system pain disease, which mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. There are more women than men, and the right side is more than the left side. At the onset, the patient's facial trigeminal nerve distribution area appeared sudden and short-term paroxysmal lightning-like pain for no reason. The trend of pain attack is mostly mild at first, with fewer attacks and longer intervals, and there may be a long remission period, which can last for weeks, months or even years. With the development of the disease, most patients have more and more frequent pain attacks, and the pain is more and more intense. Therefore, it seriously affects the appetite of patients, and gradually appears emaciation and weakness, which directly affects work and study and even loses the ability to work. The patient is unbearable, his expression is very painful, and he is in fear of the next attack all day. In addition, the treatment effect of patients in many places is not good, and the pain history is as long as several years and decades. To this end, some patients are pessimistic and even have the idea of "suicide". So some people call this disease "the first pain in the world" or "immortal cancer"

Symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia

First, paroxysmal pain

Sudden severe pain occurred in the trigeminal nerve distribution area on one side of the face, like electric shock, knife cutting, burns or acupuncture. Some painful episodes may be accompanied by tears and runny nose. Because of the intense pain, patients often rub the painful part with their hands, which leads to skin abrasion, thickening and even eyebrows falling off. Some patients constantly suck their lips and chew when they are in pain to relieve the pain. The above pain usually lasts for a few seconds to 1 ~ 2 minutes and then stops suddenly, and the patient returns to the original state before the pain. After the onset of pain, there is often a short antidepressant period, during which even if it is induced, it will not produce pain. Patients are often forced to take advantage of the antidepressant period to eat quickly, and there is no antidepressant period when the condition is serious. There is no immediate danger to life, but there are cases of suicide due to illness.

Second, the pain point

The site of pain during the attack is one or several branches of the trigeminal nerve distribution area, or it can start from one branch and then spread to other branches. Pain attacks are mostly distributed along the nerve, and the pain sites of 1 branch are in the superficial or deep layers of eyes, upper eyelids and forehead. The second pain is mainly in cheeks, upper lip, upper jaw, upper teeth and upper gums. The third pain is located in the mandible, lower lip, lower teeth, lower gums and the front 2/3 of the tongue. A few patients have bilateral trigeminal neuralgia (2% ~ 5%).

Third, the "trigger point" and its inducing factors

40% ~ 50% patients have one or more special sensitive areas in the distribution area of trigeminal nerve invaded branches, which are called "trigger points". The trigger points mostly occur in the upper and lower lips, beard, upper and lower gums, alar, nasolabial groove, cheeks, eyebrows and so on. This area is extremely allergic to touch and exercise. When touched, it will immediately trigger a severe pain attack. The pain starts at this point and immediately spreads to other parts. Patients are afraid of inducing pain attacks, so try to avoid all inducing factors. Pain attacks can also be caused by facial movements, such as eating, talking, yawning, chewing, swallowing, washing face and shaving. Even the movements of other parts of the body are dragged to the face, which will cause pain attacks. When the disease reaches its peak, patients often feel pain without stimulation, and sometimes they can attack even without any obvious inducement.

Fourth, the time limit and cycle of pain attack

The course of the disease can be periodic, and the time of each pain attack suddenly stops from the first few seconds to 1 ~ 2 minutes. The period of each attack can last for several weeks to several months, and then the symptoms can be gradually relieved, disappeared or alleviated, and the remission period can last for several days to several years. After remission, the pain recurs and there is little chance of self-healing. Most patients have more and more frequent pain attacks, and the degree of pain is also aggravated. It is observed that this disease is prone to occur in spring and winter, which has a great relationship with emotions, such as mental tension and emotional irritability.

Five, facial changes

When the pain occurs, the patient's affected half face may appear spasmodic distortion, and sometimes sympathetic symptoms appear after the attack is terminated, which is characterized by first whitening of the affected side, then flushing and conjunctival congestion, accompanied by tears, runny nose and salivation. Sometimes there are so-called trigeminal nerve, hemifacial spasm, painful convulsion and autonomic neurosis. After the onset of pain, the above symptoms disappeared. Patients with long course of disease and frequent attacks may have facial dystrophy changes, such as rough skin, eyebrow loss, conjunctival congestion, edema, turbidity, paralytic keratitis, iris prolapse, cataract, and even masticatory muscular atrophy. Individual patients may have skin herpes at the mouth and nose. Patients will feel itchy and slight burning sensation in herpes, and usually will heal themselves in a week or so. This kind of herpes is different from viral herpes.

About dental implants

1. What is dental implant?

Dental implant (denture) is a special prosthesis composed of implant and superstructure supported by implant. The implant is made of artificial materials and implanted into the jaw through alveolar surgery to play the role of root. After a period of time (3-6 months), the implant is osseointegrated with the surrounding bone tissue, and then an artificial crown is installed on it with the support of the implant root to restore the function of missing teeth and chewing.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of dental implants

Implantation technology is the most advanced method to treat and repair tooth loss. Compared with the previous repair methods, it has the following points:

Alveolar bone support, stable retention, basically restore the function of the original natural teeth;

Do not damage adjacent teeth and avoid overburdening the occlusal force of adjacent teeth;

Long repair time, as long as there is good bone healing, it can be used for a long time;

There is no lasting effect on alveolar bone absorption;

Cosmetic effect: patients with anterior tooth loss can achieve ideal cosmetic effect through dental implant treatment;

It can solve the problem of tooth restoration with missing free end.

Can repair large-area tissue defects and deformities of teeth and jaws;

Dental implants also have disadvantages, mainly the following two points:

The treatment period is long, generally three months for maxillary teeth and six months for mandibular teeth.

Treatment costs are more expensive than ordinary dental implants.

Third, indications for dental implants.

Generally speaking, with the development of various complex dental implant surgical techniques, as long as patients with dentition defect or dentition loss can rebuild their jaw-biting function through dental implants. However, the premise of successful dental implants is a good oral environment, good healing ability and anti-infection ability. Dental implants are suitable for the following situations:

1. Individual teeth are missing, and the implant bed in the missing area is normal.

2. Most of the teeth are missing, and it is planned to repair them with fixed dentures. In order to reduce the burden of abutment teeth at both ends of the missing interdental space, abutment teeth are planted in the middle.

3. The free end is edentulous, and the alveolar ridge in the edentulous area is seriously absorbed, which can not bear the load of denture base.

4. Full-mouth teeth are missing, and full-mouth coverage or full-mouth fixed implant denture is feasible.

5. Jaw defect, functional reconstruction and morphological recovery can all be completed by implant repair.

6. Due to physiological or psychological reasons, you can't get used to wearing removable denture with big denture base, or feel sick and vomiting due to the stimulation of denture base.

Taboo of implant denture

1. Local contraindications

A. Bad occlusal relationship: If the occlusal relationship is abnormal, it is not suitable for implant restoration. Anything that can correct the occlusal relationship will do. (Patients with severe jaw abnormalities, such as malocclusion, over-occlusion, night grinding, unilateral chewing and other bad habits, may fail because of the trauma of bone tissue around the implant caused by uneven occlusion or excessive force.

B. alveolar bone lesions: such as residual roots and inflammation. After excluding the lesion, implant repair can be considered. Patients with jaw diseases, osteomyelitis, bone cysts and sinusitis.

C. irradiated jawbone.

D. progressive periodontitis and oral infection.

F. patients with limited mouth opening. Mental disorder, nervous, unable to cooperate with the doctor. People who drink and smoke.

2. General contraindications

Patients and pregnant women suffering from systemic diseases and immune dysfunction such as heart disease, hematological diseases, diabetes, nephropathy, bone metabolic diseases, mental and nervous system diseases, and unable to cooperate with doctors for treatment.

Prevention and treatment of dental caries in children

In order to explore the incidence of dental caries in children, a special institution investigated and counted the dental caries of 24 10 children aged 3- 14 (including male 1334 and female 1076) and analyzed the data. The results showed that 309 male children suffered from dental caries, and the prevalence rate was 23.65438. There were 247 female patients, and the incidence rate was 22.96%.

We found that the incidence of dental caries in children began to increase at the age of 3, and peaked at the age of 6-7. After that, it gradually decreases with age. The reasons are as follows: with the increase of age, deciduous teeth caries are replaced by permanent teeth, and older children eat less snacks and pay attention to oral hygiene, so the incidence rate is reduced. Dental caries is a disease caused by many factors. At present, it is considered that the interaction between bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), host (referring to human body) and food is the main cause of dental caries.

Therefore, measures to prevent and treat dental caries should be formulated according to this factor.

First of all, for the host human body, during the tooth development, it is necessary to increase children's nutrition and ensure that the baby is provided with enough protein, vitamins A, B, C, D and foods containing inorganic substances such as calcium, iron and phosphorus, so as to facilitate the normal development of the baby's teeth.

Secondly, for bacteria and food, we start from the following aspects:

1. Pregnant women should drink water containing a certain amount of fluoride (such as sodium fluoride) with a concentration of 0.7- 1.2 ml/L or eat more foods and drinks containing a certain amount of fluoride, such as vegetables, fruits, tea, milk, etc., which are obviously beneficial to children's future tooth development and reduce the chance of dental caries.

2. Early oral health care for infants and young children avoids the "bottle syndrome" of infants and young children, which will lead to extensive corrosion of deciduous teeth, especially for children aged 3-4. In order to prevent this, it is mainly to prevent the baby from sleeping with milk or juice in the bottle. When a mother is breastfeeding her baby, once she finds that the baby is asleep, she should pull out the nipple in time. Parents should brush their teeth for nursing babies.

Before the baby's deciduous teeth erupt, parents can dip a piece of gauze about 5 cm square in light salt water and gently wipe the baby's gums to remove dental plaque. From the age of 3, parents should guide them to gradually develop their own habit of dealing with oral hygiene.

We should advocate eating sweets before meals or when drinking water. This is much better than taking candy as a snack between meals. Fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, juice, biscuits or walnuts, chestnuts and popcorn are the best meals between meals.

The number of times children eat fruits and grains should be controlled at 1-2 times a day, and the quantity should be controlled at the same time. Otherwise, if the child keeps sugar in his mouth for too long, it will not only limit the neutralization effect of chemicals in saliva on the acid production of bacteria, but also encourage the reproduction of bacteria in the mouth.

It is easy to cause bad breath and dental caries. Tea has the function of protecting teeth, especially for children. Tea can be used as a drug to prevent dental caries. The dentist's test shows that the fluorine content in a mouthful of tea is three times that in a mouthful of ordinary water.