When do the red leaves and plum blossoms bloom?
Purple leaf plum, alias: red leaf plum, blooms every April.
Flowering period of red-leaf plum
The flowering period of red-leaf plum is generally around 10-15 days.
morphological character
Shrubs or small trees, up to 8 meters high; Multi-branched, slender, spreading, dark gray, sometimes spiny; Branchlets dark red, glabrous; Winter buds are ovoid, with sharp tips, and several scales are arranged in imbricate shape, purple-red, and sometimes there are sparse cilia on the edge of scales. Leaf blade elliptic, ovoid or obovate, extremely thin elliptic-lanceolate, (2) 3-6 cm long and 2-3(2) cm wide, with sharp apex, wedge-shaped or nearly round base, circular serrated edge, sometimes mixed with double serrations, dark green top, hairless, slightly concave midvein, pale bottom, except pilose along midvein or bearded in vein axils. Petiole 6- 12 mm long, usually glabrous or puberulent when young, glandular; Stipules membranous, lanceolate, apex acuminate, glandular serrate on the side, caducous.
1 flower, 2 rare flowers; Pedicel length 1-2.2 cm. Glabrous or slightly pubescent; Flower diameter 2-2.5 cm; The calyx tube is bell-shaped, the sepals are long and oval, the top is round and blunt, the edge has sparse serrations, which are nearly as long as the sepals, the outer surfaces of the calyx tube and sepals are hairless, and the inner surfaces of the calyx tube are sparsely hairy; Petals are white, rectangular or spoon-shaped, with wavy edges and wedge-shaped bases, which are inserted at the edge of calyx tube; Stamens 25-30, filaments of different lengths, closely arranged in irregular 2 rounds, slightly shorter than petals; Pistil 1, carpel villous, stigma discoid, style slightly longer than stamens, villous at base.
Drupe is nearly spherical or oval, equal in length and width, with a diameter of 1-3 cm, yellow, red or black, slightly covered with wax powder, shallow in lateral groove and sticky in core; The nucleus is ovoid or ovoid, sharp at the top, light brown with white, smooth or rough surface or sometimes honeycomb-shaped, with grooves on the back seam, sometimes enlarged abdominal seam and two lateral grooves. It blooms in April and bears fruit in August.
Growth habit
Purple-leaf plum likes sunshine, the climate is warm and humid, and it has certain drought resistance. It has strong adaptability to soil, is not resistant to drought and is more resistant to water and humidity, but grows well in fertile, deep and well-drained clay neutral and acidic soil and is not resistant to alkali. Sandy soil is good, clayey soil can also grow, with shallow roots and strong germination.
Distribution area
Purple-leaf plum is native to Xinjiang, and grows in hillside forests or rock slopes and valleys, with an altitude of 800-2000 meters. Central Asia, Tianshan Mountain, Iran, Asia Minor and Balkan Peninsula are all distributed.
Native to southwest Asia, it is widely cultivated in North China and its south.
cultivation techniques
cutting
1. Cutting preparation: select 3-4-year-old and vigorous trees as mother trees. After defoliation in late autumn, the annual branches without pests and diseases are cut from the mother tree, or the cut branches with thick buds, no pests and diseases and no mechanical damage can be used as cuttings with plastic pruning. Cut the selected cuttings into 40-50cm branches, bind them according to 100-200 branches, and bury them in wet sand for preservation.
2. Selection and preparation of nursery land: Nursery land should be selected in a place with convenient irrigation and transportation, and the soil layer should be deep, fertile and loose sandy loam. Before soil preparation, evenly spread decomposed farmyard manure 1 ~ 1.5 tons per mu, and spray 50% carbendazim or potassium permanganate1500g in water to disinfect the soil; Then use 4000 grams of 50% zinc and phosphorus particles to kill underground pests. Then plough deeply, rake finely, level the land, remove weeds, waste agricultural film and other sundries, and make a good border. The length of the border depends on the nursery, and the width of the border is 1 m; Leave a ditch between ridges with a width of 0.3m and a depth of 0.2m.. When it's done, press it a little, level the border and prepare for cutting.
3. Cut-off time:165438+1late October to 65438+middle February.
4. Cutting method: Before cutting, the twigs and dehydrated shriveled parts on the branches that have just been cut or stored in wet sand are cut off, and then the long branches are cut from bottom to top until they grow to 10~ 12 cm, and the cuttings are 3~5 buds. The lower end of the cuttings is cut into a smooth slope near the bud to increase the contact surface between the cambium and the soil, which is beneficial to rooting. The upper end of the cutting is 0.8~ 1 cm away from the bud eye, and it is cut into planes. Immediately after cutting the cuttings, immerse the downhill surface in clean water 15~20 hours to make the cuttings fully absorb water. Rooting agent was prepared with rooting powder of 50× 10-6abt6 in proportion, and cuttings were dipped to promote rooting. The inclined plane of the cuttings is inserted downward into the soil, the row spacing is 5×5 cm, and the upper buds are exposed to the ground for 0.5~ 1 cm. Water immediately after cutting to make the cuttings closely combine with the soil. When the ground is slightly dry, cover it with double-layer plastic film to conserve moisture, and build a small plastic arch shed with the height of 1 m and the width of the border to keep warm and keep out the cold.
5. Management of cutting seedlings: Seedbed with plastic film and small arch shed can be used without irrigation for a long time. For example, if the soil under the plastic film is dry, it will be irrigated once along the border. When the minimum temperature drops to MINUS 5℃, the arch shed should be protected from freezing and warmth with straw curtains; When the lowest temperature rises to 0℃, open the straw curtain during the day and enclose it at night; When the lowest temperature reaches above 5℃, the arch shed should be opened during the day to release air properly to prevent the seedlings from being burned by high temperature. At the beginning of March, when the height of the seedlings is 3~5 cm, the plastic film is uncovered to ventilate the seedlings during the day, and the ventilation rate is gradually increased with the growth of the seedlings. From the middle and late March to the beginning of April, pay attention to keep the seedbed moist. In mid-April, the shed film was removed, and timely fertilization, weeding and watering were carried out.
6. Transplanting seedling management: Transplanting will be carried out after 4 pm in late April, rainy days or sunny days. Before seedling emergence, the seedbed should be filled with enough water to facilitate seedling emergence, reduce root damage, and the root system can carry more soil. Seedlings should be planted now to improve the survival rate of transplantation. When transplanting, the plant spacing is 20cm× 30cm. Before transplanting, apply 4-5 tons of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.05 ton of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, with the content of 15%, and transplant after deep ploughing and fine harrowing. After planting, it is necessary to pour enough water, keep the nursery dry and not too wet, and strengthen the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds. At the beginning of June, before rainy days or dry irrigation of soil, 0.025 tons of urea was applied per mu to promote seedling growth. The average height of transplanted seedlings in that year was about 65438±0.5m, and the ground diameter was 65438 0.5cm. ..
bud grafting
Rootstocks can be used: seedlings of peach, plum, plum, apricot, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica and Prunus purpurea. Comparatively speaking, peach rootstock grows vigorously with purple-green leaves, but it is afraid of waterlogging. Plum as rootstock is more resistant to waterlogging; Apricots and plums live longer, but they are also afraid of waterlogging. Apricot, peach and peach are the most commonly used rootstocks in North China.
Two-year-old seedlings are generally used as rootstocks for grafting, and it is best to cultivate them specially. Cut it short before grafting, leaving only 5-7 cm stumps on the surface. In the middle and late June, the buds should be located on the branches selected as scions in advance, and the grafted buds should be full and strong, without dry shoots and pests. Cut the sterilized bud grafting knife into xylem at an upward angle of 30 degrees 2 cm below the bud position until it reaches the position above the bud position 1 cm, then cut a knife at the position above the bud position 1 cm, gently take out the bud grafting, and then cut a T-shaped incision on the bark with a knife at a position 3 cm from the ground to make the bud grafting closely combined with the rootstock, and then tie it tightly with plastic tape. After grafting, the grafted buds did not wither in about 7 days, indicating that they have survived, and the plastic tape can be removed in about 25 days.
High altitude stratification method
① Selection of branches: branches should be plants with strong tree potential and no pests and diseases. The diameter of branches is generally 1~2 cm, and 2~4 years old branches are the best.
② layering operation: layering will be carried out from mid-April to mid-May in spring, and two notches will be cut with a grafting knife at appropriate positions on the layering, with the spacing of about 1.5cm, then the skin between the notches will be girdled, and plastic bags will be put on immediately after girdling, and plastic will be placed at the lower part of the lower notch.
Tie the bag to death, and then put the prepared sandy loam mud into a plastic bag and knead it into a ball. The mud ball should be wrapped around the place where the ring is tied, made into the middle of the mud ball, and then tied to the top of the plastic bag.
③ Post-treatment: After the plastic bag is sealed, always check whether the mud ball is dry or hard. If the soil ball is soft, it means that the topdressing effect is good and the soil water content is high. After about 45 days, the wound can heal and begin to take root. After defoliation in late autumn, cut wood strips, cut plastic bags and transplant them under the mud ball. If it is dry and hard, it means that the plastic bag is leaking. Inject water with a syringe immediately, and put a plastic bag outside the original plastic bag.
Mixed forest mainly makes full use of land resources and reasonably distributes light, water and nutrients at different levels according to the characteristics of light tolerance, rooting depth of roots, growth cycle and fertility of crops.
The mixed forest of purple leaf, plum, red tree and Sophora japonica can make full use of space and nutrient area, play a protective role, enhance the ability to resist natural disasters, improve site conditions and improve the quantity and quality of forest products.
transplant
Pruning: After plants enter dormancy or semi-dormancy in winter, thin, diseased, dead and dense branches should be pruned.
Turn over the pot: as long as it is properly maintained, it will grow rapidly. When it grows to a certain size (about two to three years), it is necessary to consider changing a bigger pot to keep it growing vigorously. One of the following culture soil and composition ratio can be selected for changing pots: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3:1; Or garden soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust (shavings) = 4:1:2; Or one of paddy soil, pond sludge and humus soil.
Take off the pot: put the flowers to be changed on the ground, first pat the periphery of the pot with the palm of your hand, so that the root system will be separated from the wall of the pot due to vibration. Turn the pot upside down on the left hand, gently hold the plants with the forefinger and middle finger of the left hand, press the wrist and fingertip against the edge of the pot, pat the bottom of the pot with the right hand, and then push the root soil downward from the bottom hole with the female finger to let the plants take off. After taking it off, gently pat the soil with your palm to let the excess soil fall off.
Preparation of flowerpot: Choose a flowerpot with a suitable size, and cover the bottom hole of the flowerpot with two tiles or thin foam boards to ensure that the soil of the flowerpot is not washed away by water, and the excess water can flow out in time. Spread a layer of ceramsite or broken red brick on the ceramic tile or foam as the filter layer, with a thickness of about 2 ~ 3 cm. Put fertilizer from the fertilizer applicator on the drainage layer, with a thickness of about 1 ~ 3cm. Spread a thin layer of substrate on the fertilizer with a thickness of about 2 cm to separate the root system from the fertilizer. Finally, put the plants in, fill in the nutrient soil, about 2 cm away from the hukou.
Pests and diseases: the main pests and diseases are red spider, thorn moth and bag moth. If it happens, it can be sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times.
Garden value
Purple-leaf plum is purplish red throughout the growing period, so it is suitable for planting in front of the building, beside the garden or in the corner of the lawn.