Matters needing attention in planting fruit trees in courtyard
First, choose tree species according to local conditions.
The types of fruit trees suitable for garden cultivation are: pear, peach, persimmon, jujube, chestnut, orange, grape, fig and so on. All kinds of fruit trees need different environmental conditions. Such as pears and oranges, need deep, loose and fertile soil; Persimmon trees should not be planted on dry ridges. Fruit trees have different requirements for light, heat, water and fertilizer, for example, citrus is afraid of cold; Pears, grapes, etc. Low temperature tolerance; Peach, Li Xiguang; Citrus and Myrica rubra are more tolerant to shade.
Second, the layout is reasonable, suitable for the ground and trees.
In front of and behind the house, peaches, bayberry and pomegranate can be planted. ; Pears, persimmons, chestnuts and dates can be planted at the back and sides of the house. Potted kumquat, grape, fig, pomegranate and dwarf peach can be planted on windowsill, terrace, roof platform and low wall, and attention should be paid to the configuration of different varieties of fruit trees in early, middle and late stages.
3, configuring pollination trees
The self-pollination rate of pear, plum and peach is low; Myrica rubra and ginkgo biloba are dioecious fruit trees When planting the above fruit trees, it is necessary to plant different varieties with good quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and consistent flowering period as pollination trees and paired male and female plants. Pay special attention not to mix pears with peaches, pears with juniper, grapes with cypress, oranges with Lauraceae trees.
Fourth, control pests and diseases.
From falling leaves in autumn to sprouting in spring, carefully check the cracks in the trunk, branches and skin. If eggs are found, destroy them, sweep off the leaves and fruits, and concentrate on burying them beside the trees. Concentrate on burning pruned dead branches, pests and diseases in winter. For borers such as longicorn beetles, use hooks or cotton balls dipped in pesticides to kill overwintering larvae in the hole, and seal the poisoned larvae with mud. Preparation of whitening agent, white fruit trees in winter, pest control.
Planting fruit trees in the courtyard can not only satisfy people's yearning for nature, but also appreciate fruit trees. Watching fruit trees sprout and bloom in spring and fall leaves in summer is another kind of life interest, and you can also taste your own labor and enjoy the fun of the orchard. It's really a multipurpose tree.
Method for plan garden fruit trees
First, the planting method of garden fruit trees
The life span of fruit trees is very long, one plant is several decades. Therefore, it must be planted with high standards.
1. Before planting, prepare tree pits with length, width and depth of 1 m, and apply 30 ~ 40 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each pit. The seedlings should be strong seedlings with strong stems and developed roots.
2. The main point of planting is to raise the planting, which can generally be 30 cm above the ground, and the roots extend obliquely around. When raising the soil, it should be buried while stepping, and the depth is appropriate. After the virtual soil sinks, the root neck of the seedlings is flat or slightly higher than the original surface, and it should be watered after planting.
Second, the fertilizer and water management of garden fruit trees
1. Base fertilizer Apply deep organic fertilizer from September to June every year, and the amount of fertilizer applied varies with the age of the tree. Young trees are applied with farm manure of 20-40kg, which is applied in a 40-50cm deep annular ditch or border, and the ditch is located outside the crown drip line. Adult trees are applied in radial ditches or holes, and farmyard manure is applied to 80 ~ 100 kg per plant, which is located under the crown. This is a vital fertilizer, which plays a great role in increasing the storage nutrition of trees in the current year and the next year's output.
2. Topdressing is convenient for fruit trees in the courtyard, so you can eat less and eat more fertilizer. It can be topdressing many times before germination, after fruit setting, before flower bud differentiation and after fruit picking. Shallow application of nitrogen fertilizer (5 ~ 10 cm deep) and deep application of compound fertilizer (20 ~ 30 cm). Apply 1 flowering fertilizer at least twice a year, and topdressing with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (decomposed manure or urea) to promote orderly tasseling, improve fruit setting rate and promote new shoot growth. The second topdressing of flower buds of fruit trees is divided into chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer decomposed in May and June, or special compound fertilizer for fruit trees or plant ash. This fertilizer can not only promote fruit expansion and increase the yield of the current year, but also promote flower bud differentiation of the current year and ensure the next annual output.
3. Pay attention to watering when watering and draining in dry season. It is convenient to water the fruit trees in the yard, but not too much to prevent waterlogging. In addition, soapy water and water for washing dishes and pots should not be used to water trees. Pay attention to ditching and drainage in rainy season.
Three, garden fruit tray management
Cut the grass and loosen the soil 4 ~ 5 times a year. In dry season, trees are covered with grass, and the thickness is 15 ~ 20cm.
Fourthly, the pruning of garden fruit trees.
This is a very important technical measure for early fruiting, high yield and high quality of fruit trees. The purpose of pruning is to ventilate the tree, realize three-dimensional fruit, adjust the relationship between growth and fruit, promote high and stable yield of early fruits, control the crown size, and facilitate the management of flowers and fruits in the tree. Pruning after defoliation and before germination in winter (65438+February ~ February); Summer pruning is carried out before germination and defoliation. There are several pruning methods for different branches: ① Main branches, including central branches, main branches and side branches. Its branches are short and short, which makes it send out strong branches, expand the crown rapidly and maintain vigorous growth. (2) Supporting branches, mainly by light cutting and slow release, to ease the growth and promote early fruiting. When the auxiliary branch hinders the growth of the main branch, it should be retracted in time. (3) competing branches, thinning or heavy cutting as soon as possible. (4) fruiting branches. The pruning of big trees is mainly the pruning of fruiting branches. The three-thirds system can be used to make 1/3 branches bear fruit in the same year, 1/3 branches grow nutritionally in the same year, and 1/3 branches form flower buds in the same year.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tree protection of garden fruit trees
Pests and diseases of garden fruit trees should be mainly controlled by manual and biological methods, supplemented by chemical methods. In addition, to prevent livestock injury, don't nail things on trees and pull wires to dry clothes.
Fruit trees suitable for planting in the courtyard
(1) Persimmon tree: Beautiful tree with thick leaves. In the garden, I planted it alone in front of the court.
(2) Loquat: white flowers in winter, pleasant fragrance, and yellow fruit in summer. In the garden, it can be used as wood for sparse woodland, and can also be planted separately for viewing.
(3) Papaya: The fruit is like a melon. When it is mature, its skin is yellow and its fragrance is attractive. In the garden, it can be planted in clusters, and the effect is better if evergreen trees are used as the background.
(4) Apricot tree: It blooms in early spring, with beautiful flowers and beautiful flowers, which can be compared with peach blossoms and cherry blossoms. Gardens are often planted alone in the courtyard, clustered beside the house, clustered on the hillside or by the water.
(5) Pomegranate: It is one of the common ornamental fruit trees in the courtyard, with lush foliage and bright red flowers.
(6) Ficus carica: the branches are sparse and the leaves are large, and the shape is natural, giving people a rough and powerful feeling. The fruit is shaped like steamed bread, so there is? Wooden steamed bread? Known as. It is usually planted in a corner of the garden, on a slope, next to a fork in the road or next to a road.
(7) Cherry: a small deciduous tree with oval to oval leaves, bright red fruits, rosy flowers and coral-colored fruits, which is an ornamental fruit tree. Cherry can represent many beautiful things, especially energetic girls and vivid love. It not only symbolizes love and happiness. It is often planted in the corner of the courtyard or by the water and slopes.
(8) Jujube tree: Deciduous tree, with a height of10m and an oval crown. Bark is grayish brown and cracked. Often planted in the corner of the courtyard. It contains the meaning of cherishing.
(9) citrus reticulata: small evergreen trees, like warm and humid climate, cold-resistant. Evergreen seasons, dense branches and leaves, neat tree posture, blooming flowers in spring, heavy yellow fruits in autumn and winter, and extremely beautiful yellow and green. It can be planted by the water in the courtyard or in the corner.
(10) plum tree: alias cherry plum, a common fruit tree and a small deciduous tree. Hi-light is also slightly resistant to shade, cold and strong adaptability, with warm and humid climate and well-drained sandy loam being the most favorable. Afraid of saline-alkali and waterlogging. Shallow roots, strong germination, and certain resistance to harmful gases. This species has wide branches and smooth reddish-brown leaves, which are red from spring to autumn, especially in spring, with small white or pink flowers. It is a good foliage plant, especially in courtyard greening.
(1 1) Peach trees: small deciduous trees with ornamental flowers and juicy fruits, which can be eaten raw, preserved peaches and canned peaches. And nuts can also be eaten. Light-loving, drought-resistant and cold-resistant, suitable for planting in bright courtyard. It is also a plant with nutritional, medical, dietary and medicinal values.
(12) Mango tree: evergreen tree, also known as "Mengguozai" and "Anluoguo". Bark and leaves can be made into black dyes, and the flesh is sweet and juicy and edible. It also has the effect of stopping dizziness and vomiting and applying fire to burn. Or ornamental plants can be planted in a corner of the courtyard.
(13) Banana: This plant is a large herbaceous plant with clumps. It likes the hot and humid climate and thrives on the land with deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage. Suitable for planting on the water side of the courtyard and the edge of the building wall.
(14) Apple: a deciduous tree of Rosaceae, with oval and serrated leaves; The fruit is spherical and sweet. It is an ordinary fruit and the most common fruit, which is rich in vitamin nutrition. Like light, like slightly acidic to neutral soil. There are four varieties of apples, all of which have beautiful postures, unique features and high ornamental value.