Question 2: How to grow grapes from grape seeds? Generally, grapes are planted without seeds. They are planted with old vines. They only grow and bear fruit later, which is different from the grapes you ate at that time. Sour and astringent.
Question 3: How do grapes spread seeds? Animal transmission, wind transmission, water transmission and ejection transmission.
1, spread by water
Coconut: spread by water. When the coconut is ripe, it falls into the sea and floats away with the sea water.
Water lily: The fruit of the water lily sinks to the bottom when it matures. After the pericarp decays, the seeds covered with spongy exocarp will float and drift to other places.
2, spread by birds or other animals
Cherry, wild grape, wild ginseng: Birds or other animals eat seeds in their stomachs, but because they can't be digested, they are discharged with feces and spread in all directions.
Pine nuts: They were taken away by squirrels when storing winter grain.
3, spread by the wind
Hongliu: It is the flying catkins that spread seeds far away.
There are many ways to spread seeds mechanically.
Impatiens: The fruit of Impatiens will bounce off, crack and shoot a bullet in all directions. This is a method of mechanical sowing.
There are many legumes that spread seeds by machinery.
Question 4: Why can't grape seeds germinate? Grapes usually reproduce asexually. Seedlings (hybrids or rootstocks) are usually harvested in autumn and then sown in sand until spring. Attached is an article on the cultivation technology of wild grape rootstock seedlings, hoping to learn from it.
Reference: Joe. How to cultivate rootstock seedlings of Vitis amurensis. Jilin Agriculture, 2005(4): 19.
When ripe, wash the seeds out of the berries, remove impurities and immature seeds, mix them evenly according to the ratio of seeds to wet sand 1: 3, put them in a container, bury them in the ground for 20-60 cm, and keep the temperature at 0- 10 degrees Celsius.
Seeds are taken out in spring, soaked in water at 30℃ for one day and night, then mixed with wet seeds and germinated at 25℃. Pay attention to the quality and humidity frequently. Most seeds can be sown when their mouths crack.
In order to facilitate irrigation in arid areas, border sowing can be used, with width 1m and length of 5m, with 3 rows per border sowing and spacing of 5-6 cm. After sowing, water and irrigate, cover 2.5-3 cm with sandy loam or river sand, and then spread a layer of straw to keep moisture.
When the seedlings grow to 1-2 true leaves, plant them when there are 4-5 true leaves. Topdressing effective nitrogen fertilizer once in June, topdressing calcium superphosphate and plant ash once in July and August.
Before freezing, each seedling should have 2-3 buds for cutting and buried in the ground for cold protection. After thawing in the coming year, remove the cold-proof soil and apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Choose 1-2 strong seedlings per plant, and when the height reaches about 30cm, remove the core to promote the coarseness (this step can be used for late grafting, and this step can be omitted if other ears are not grafted).
As a reminder, it is best to reserve enough seeds before sowing. In case one time is not good, you can plant them several times. I have never planted grapes, and I don't know if this information is reliable. For reference only.
Question 5: Grape seed planting method Grape planting method 1, transplanting after seedling raising. Cutting, layering and grafting are common methods for grape seedling. Among them, the cutting method is the simplest and most commonly used. Some new methods of grape seedling raising in recent years are introduced as follows. (1) Small plastic bag cutting and plastic film covering method. When the soil temperature is 10 ~ 15℃ in spring, chicken manure, sawdust, river sand and garden soil are mixed and put into small plastic bags with holes at the bottom to make the culture soil about 15cm high. Then soak the grape branches with three buds in clear water for one night, insert them into the culture soil gently, and leave a bud outside the plastic bag at the upper end. Plastic bags are buried in the ground, and when the world is filled with water, they are covered with film until they become seedlings. Compared with open-air cutting, this method has the following advantages: early seedling formation, nearly one month earlier than open-air cutting; The survival rate is high, reaching more than 95%, while the open-air cutting is generally only about 80%, which saves the labor of watering; Covers less land. (2) Green branch cutting. In June, 2-3 semi-lignified branches were cut from the new shoots or secondary branches of that year for green branch cutting. Cutting and management are the same as hardwood cutting, except that 1 green leaves are left at the top of the cutting (half of the leaves can be cut off), and 1 petiole is left at other nodes. (3) Water promotes roots. In June, cut off annual vines (one to two-year vines at the lower end); Insert it into a jar filled with half a bottle of water, cut kraft paper or plastic film into a circle the size of the bottle mouth, and cut it to the center of the circle, then put the vine in the middle of the cut, and then stick it with tape or something; It takes about 15 days to remove the bottles with vines in a warmer room or kitchen, and then move them into fertile and loose soil. Generally, the root can be urged 2-3 times a year, each time about 15 days, and 8- 10 seedlings can be inserted into a jar. With the shelf, a room can cultivate 2000-3000 bottles and 1.6-20000 seedlings. (4) Cutting seedling in the same year and layering seedling in the same year. This is a new technology to improve the propagation coefficient of grape. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after cutting, so that seedlings can fertilize Miao Zhuang. When the seedlings grow to 50 cm, pick the core to strengthen the seedlings and promote the growth of secondary buds, leaving 3-5 secondary buds per plant. In mid-July, when the length of the secondary shoot is about 10 cm, the branch is pressed, and the main shoot is pressed into the soil by 5- 10 cm, and the secondary shoot grows upright on the ground. After the "white dew" and before the "autumn equinox", pick the secondary branches and concentrate nutrients to raise seedlings, so that a secondary branch will grow into a robust grape seedling. That is to say, 3-5 grape seedlings with developed roots, full branches and full buds can be cultivated in one cutting year, and the propagation coefficient is 4-5 times higher than that of ordinary seedling raising methods. (5) Green branch grafting combined with layering. This method obtained a large number of self-rooted seedlings and cuttings of improved varieties in that year. This method was successfully studied by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. They grafted the green branches of grapes on the buds of old vines with flat stubble, and promoted the vigorous growth of new buds of improved scions with the help of the strong roots of old vines. Then the new buds are layered horizontally in autumn, and they can germinate in the same year after taking root. Such an adult grape can provide self-rooted seedlings and cuttings a year, and can plant 68 mu. After seedling raising, keep a small section of the main tip of the improved variety on the old vine with flat stubble, and it can still be used for layered seedling raising or fruit hanging in the next year. (6) air layering of green branches. This method is simple and easy to master, and there is no need to extend seedlings when transplanting new seedlings, which greatly improves the survival rate. Careful management will bear fruit in the second year. The specific method is as follows: when the stem of the fourth section of the new shoot reaches semi-lignification from the base, bind neutral wet soil (other fillers on the right) with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a thickness of 30 cm× 30 cm, and bind both ends with a string, with the front end of the new shoot kept upward (tied to the grape vine or mother plant with a string), and bind the new shoot 1 section. Then replenish water into the dressing bag with a syringe every 7- 10 days. 1 month later, when new young roots are found to grow through the film bag, the top dressing bag can be cut from the mother plant from the bottom, weighed immediately and put into a flowerpot or planted directly in the vineyard.
Question 6: How to grow potted grapes from grape seeds for 5 minutes? As a special cultivation method, it is becoming more and more popular because of its small size and convenient movement. Potted grapes have high ornamental value and play an important role in beautification and greening. Potted grapes bear fruit early, and can bear fruit in 2 years, and each pot can produce 2 ~ 4 kg of fruit. To do a good job of potted grapes, we should master the following points:
1 variety
Almost all varieties can be used for potted plants, but from the aspects of beautification, fruit production and management, we must pay attention to the following points:
1. 1 Choose red or yellow-green varieties with beautiful ear and grain shape.
1.2 Select varieties with moderate growth potential, short branches and internodes, high seed setting rate and resistance to pests and diseases.
1.3 Select female flower varieties, consider configuring pollinated varieties or grafting other varieties on plants, because they cannot pollinate themselves.
2 containers and culture soil
2. 1 container. Potted grapes are usually packed in pottery pots, which are well drained and breathable and cheap. Pots, porcelain pots, plastic pots (barrels), wooden cases, wooden barrels, cement tanks and other containers are also acceptable. The shapes of containers are round, polygonal and rectangular. There is also a difference in depth. General family potted plants have a diameter of 25 ~ 30 cm and a depth of 15 ~ 30 cm.
2.2 culture soil. That is to say, potted soil should have good air permeability and drainage performance, good physical and chemical properties, rich in organic matter and nutrients, suitable pH value and no pests and diseases. The proportion is 30% ~ 50% of garden soil, 20% ~ 30% of humus or organic fertilizer and 20% ~ 30% of river sand. The prepared culture soil should be loose, fertile and have excellent physical and chemical properties. The prepared pot soil can be disinfected by spraying 0. 1% formalin solution, 500 ml per cubic pot soil, and can be disinfected by high-temperature steam if possible.
3 Seedlings and colonization
Seedlings used for potted grapes can be cultivated by cutting, grafting and layering, or 1 ~ 3-year-old grape plants can be transplanted with soil before germination. When planting, put ceramic tiles on the center hole of the basin bottom, spread a layer of pebbles with a thickness of about 3 cm, then put part of the basin soil into it to make steamed bread, spread the trimmed seedling roots on it in four directions, then fill the soil, gently press it to 3-5 cm away from the mouth of the basin, water it to make the soil seep down, and then fill the soil and water it until the bottom hole flows out. After planting, put it in a warm place and cover it with plastic film to keep it moist.
Plastic surgery
Usually potted grape shaping has the following kinds:
4. 1 spherical. The plant has 2 ~ 3 long fruiting branches on the short trunk, which are bent and bound into a ball with the help of wire frame. After the new buds grow, leave 6 ~ 8 branches around, and the plant becomes spherical.
4.2 Funnel shape. 3 ~ 4 main vines are left in the plant and distributed obliquely outward along the funnel frame, or the mother branches are bent into upper and lower rings, and new shoots are tied around the funnel frame.
4.3 fan shape. There are 1 main tendrils and 1 ~ 2 lateral tendrils in the plant, and the branches are distributed on the fan-shaped frame surface, and the leaf curtain is relatively flat and wide.
4.4 spiral. Tie the well-growing mother branch to the bamboo pole in a spiral shape, and the new bud will stand upright or partially hang after growing.
5 pruning
Pay attention to control polarity and recover or update bare branches in time. The number of branches and buds should be coordinated with the soil, fertilizer, water and nutritional conditions of potted plants, and greed should not be avoided.
5. 1 branch management. Take off new buds and shoots in time, and core them according to different growth conditions.
5.2 Inflorescence shaping and flower thinning and fruit thinning. Leave 1 ear (big fruit variety) or 1 ~ 2 ear (small fruit variety) on the bearing branch. Combined with thinning flowers, carefully trim the ear axis before flowering. Carefully thinning the fruit after flowering, the purpose is that the fruit develops fully and neatly, and does not pursue large ear.
6 Fertilization and watering
Base fertilizer should be applied in combination with soil replacement, and liquid topdressing should be applied during the growth period to prevent excessive concentration from burning roots. For pot seedlings that have not yet borne fruit, apply cake fertilizer 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d from the height of 20 cm (6 ~ 7 leaves) until the end of September, and it is best to apply cake fertilizer 1 time every 5 d for those that have borne fruit. Spraying fertilizer on leaves is both effective and economical. The method is to spray 0. 1% ~ 0.3% urea 2 ~ 3 times in the early growth stage, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d for 3 ~ 4 times.
When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and it is advisable to water before 10: 00 in the morning and after 4: 00 in the afternoon. Generally, water every 2-3 d in early spring. With the increase of air temperature, the evaporation can be increased by 1 ~ 2 d, and the watering time is 1...> & gt
Question 7: How to grow grapes from seeds? Generally speaking, grapes are planted without seeds. They are planted with old vines, and then they grow and bear fruit. Unlike the grapes you ate at that time, they were sour and astringent.
Question 8: How are grape seeds planted? Who can explain it to me carefully? Thank you. 20 points is not recommended to grow grapes.
1, the seeds of delicious grapes will mutate and may not be delicious.
2. Grape seeds need to be stored in sand before planting, otherwise the emergence rate is extremely low.
3. Seedlings from seeds bear fruit very late, about 4 or 5 years later.
It is not recommended that people who have no cultivation experience use grape branches and vines to cut themselves, because both hard branch cutting and green branch cutting need a certain level of technical management, otherwise the survival rate is extremely low.
Open field cultivation should also consider the requirements of cold resistance and disease resistance, and it is necessary to graft suitable cold resistance or disease resistance rootstocks, and generally it is not possible to directly cut. Rootstocks are usually propagated by cutting or sowing.
Growers with cultivation experience can adopt cutting propagation, cutting rootstock and grafting, or sowing propagation rootstock and grafting. Cutting and grafting are the main methods of grape propagation.
It is suggested that growers who have no experience in seedling raising buy grape seedlings directly.
1. Buy from reputable grape seedling bases or grape growers to ensure the quality and survival rate of varieties.
2, a large number of cultivation should buy bare-rooted seedlings without germination, and planting in the north should also buy grafted seedlings grafted with Peking University roots.
3, a small amount of cultivation can buy naked root seedlings that have not germinated, or you can buy nutritious pot seedlings that grow vigorously.
4. Family potted plants are recommended to buy nutritious seedlings that grow vigorously.
Question 9: Grape seeds are oval.
Question 10: Can grape seeds grow grapes? Seeds used for grape propagation are produced through sexual processes. There are many propagation methods of grape seedlings, which can be divided into propagation and asexual propagation according to the different propagation materials used. Sexual reproduction is the propagation of seedlings with seeds, which is called seedling propagation. The propagated seedlings are called seedlings, and sexual reproduction is mainly used for the propagation of rootstock seedlings in production. Because the seeds used in sexual reproduction are produced through sexual process, they are separated greatly from the genetic point of view and cannot maintain the stability of the original varieties. In addition, in conventional breeding, hybrid seeds obtained by hybridization grow hybrid seedlings through sowing, and excellent individual plants are selected from them until they are cultivated into excellent varieties. A method for utilizing vegetative organs (such as branches, roots, buds, etc.) of plants. ) as a breeding material to breed seedlings in asexual breeding places, and the obtained seedlings are called vegetative seedlings. The methods of asexual propagation include hard branch cutting, green branch cutting, hard branch grafting and green branch grafting. On the basis of the above methods, combined with various important facilities (such as greenhouses, greenhouses, small arches, potential lines, nutrition bowls, etc.). ) can greatly improve the propagation speed of seedlings, also known as rapid seedling raising. According to the different roots of seedlings, seedlings can be divided into seedlings, self-rooted seedlings and grafted seedlings. With the development of bioengineering technology, stem segment or stem segment tissue culture technology is used for seedling propagation at home and abroad, which is called tissue culture method. This method has high propagation speed and high coefficient, and is the latest method for rapid propagation of seedlings. When propagating grafted seedlings, varieties that are easy to take root by cutting, such as Peking University, Beichun, Longan and Jufeng, are used as rootstocks, and other excellent varieties are used as scions. Branches used as scions should grow vigorously and mature well. Cutting a bud from the scion, leaving 65438±0.5cm at the upper end of the bud and 4-6 cm at the lower end; The rootstock cuttings are 20-25cm long. If the thickness of rootstock and scion is roughly the same, tongue grafting is often used; If the rootstock is thicker than the scion, cutting should be used. When tongue-jointed, the base of the scion is cut into a horse-ear-shaped inclined plane, which is about 3 cm long. First, cut at the slope 1/3 (vertical cutting is prohibited) to the depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, and then cut obliquely downward from the top of the section to form a double tongue-shaped section. The rhizome is also cut as above, and then the two sections are inserted together. The tongue-shaped grafting rootstock and scion are closely combined, and only a simple knot is needed after grafting. Splitting method is to cut both sides of the lower end of the scion into wedges, and the inclined plane is 3-5 cm long. After the upper end of the rootstock cuttings is cut transversely, it is cut longitudinally from the center with a depth of 3-5 cm. Then the scion is inserted into the kerf of the rootstock, aligned with the formation layer, and bound with plastic film or thread and rope. Grafting operation can be carried out indoors. In order to make the grafted interface heal quickly, it needs to be heated to promote the healing. The heating method is the same as the above-mentioned root-urging method. Generally, it can heal in 15-20 days, and new roots begin to form at the lower part of rootstock cuttings. In order to promote the rootstock cuttings to take root faster, the base of rootstock cuttings can be soaked with 50- 100 mg/kg (ppm) NAA for 12-24 hours, or soaked with 300 mg/kg (ppm) high-concentration liquid medicine, and then treated for root promotion. Generally, the grafting time is about 25 days before cutting in the open field, and cutting in the open field or greenhouse can be carried out after root promotion. When cutting, the interface should be flush with the border surface, and pay attention to keep the soil moist after cutting. Other management methods are the same as general cutting seedling management. Grafting with Roots: Grafting with 12-year-old rootstock seedlings before planting in winter or spring, or planting rootstock seedlings before grafting, and adopting tongue grafting or cutting grafting. The method is the same as above. In order to improve the cold resistance of grape root system, before spring germination, scions of excellent varieties were grafted on 1 year branches of cold-resistant rootstocks by splitting, then heated to promote healing, and then cuttage was carried out to make them take root and become seedlings. In grape producing areas, in order to update varieties, scions of excellent varieties are selected before spring germination, and old vines of updated varieties are used as rootstocks for grafting by means of split grafting to make them become seedlings. Green branch splitting rootstock can be cultivated by cutting off branches of cold-resistant grapes, such as mountain grapes, or by sowing seeds of cold-resistant grapes, and then grafted. The rootstock used is the semi-lignified green branches of the current year's seedlings or the previous year's seedlings, and the grafting time is generally from June to July. It is best to choose cloudy days, and then it is best to encounter rain. It is best to graft in the afternoon when the sun is fierce. The specific methods are as follows: select the new semi-lignified shoots with relatively strong development on the rootstock, cut off the upper end, leave the rootstock with the length of 10 cm ~ 15 cm, cut the mouth 45cm away from the uppermost bud, leave the leaves on the rootstock, remove all the auxiliary branches and remove the winter buds. Scions should be selected from semi-lignified new shoots or fine varieties. & gt