The choice of incision is related to the exposure of operation field and is the premise of operation. The ideal incision should have: close to and easy to expose the surgical site, perfect geometry, appropriate length, convenient incision closure, less trauma and less blood loss.
Generally, a grasping scalpel or a bow scalpel is used. These two methods have a wide field of vision and can view the whole incision from the starting point to the end point. They can move freely and have a wide range, which is suitable for cutting long incisions. Holding a pen is suitable for fine cutting and dissection, but the field of vision is not wide enough, and the predetermined cutting behavior is often blocked by the hand with a knife. It is necessary to pause to observe and correct the cutting direction, which is prone to deviation and pause, and the movement is not stretched enough, which is not suitable for large cutting. It is not conducive to the formation of small scars in surgery.
When making an incision, the scalpel is 45 degrees from the tissue plane, and the blade is perpendicular to the abdominal wall to keep the two edges of the incision symmetrical. Surgeons and assistants should use symmetrical force when pulling tissues, otherwise the incision will bend to the opposite side of excessive pulling. The lower part of a straight incision often bends to the surgeon's side, because people's elbows always bend inward. To make a straight incision, we must overcome this natural tendency. The layers of the abdominal wall should be on the same plane. This requires the abdominal wall to be vertical when cutting, otherwise the layers of the abdominal wall will be offset.