Cutting grafting technology is suitable for the transformation of spindle-shaped and scattered layered apple trees with prominent central trunk. After transformation, it can grow into branches in one year, blossom in two years, yield in the third year, smooth and seamless trunk, beautiful tree shape and high quality fruit.
Extended data:
Based on the basic advantages of deep root system, rich nutrition and high survival rate of apple tree grafting, oblique cuttings were arranged on the central trunk according to spiral arrangement, and the comprehensive management technology of pruning-free shaping was adopted to realize cost saving, quality improvement and efficient transformation.
Grafting process:
First, the treatment of big apple trees. If you want to strengthen the tree, you should do it before germination and weaken it after germination.
Keep it. There are 1 ~ 2 lateral branches at the top of the central trunk, which are used to transport the water of the grafted trees.
2. Keep your head down. Cut off the central trunk above the side branches.
3. thinning. All other lateral branches on the central trunk are removed from the base, and the incision should be smooth and coated with fruit tree healing agent.
Second, scion treatment.
1, storing the scion. Before sprouting after defoliation, the scion should be sealed with wax or directly stored in the shade.
2. Prepare long scions. When grafting, the scion is cut into 10 ~ 15 cm segments, and each segment is a long scion.
3. Cut off the scion. Cut the lower end of the long scion into a large inclined plane with a length of 4-5cm, and cut both sides of the front end of the back of the large inclined plane into small inclined planes with a length of 1cm, showing an arrow shape.
Third, the grafting process.
1, cutting position and density. Pruning begins at the position 60 ~ 80 cm above the ground on the central trunk, and the pruning positions are arranged in a spindle-shaped tree spiral, with the spacing between branches in the same direction about 25 cm.
2. Cutting. Make a longitudinal incision at the selected cutting position, the size of the incision is less than or equal to the sharpened part of the scion, and the depth of the incision reaches the central trunk xylem. It is convenient to use a screwdriver to cut.
3. Angle and quantity of chips. According to the different diameters of the central trunk of the big apple tree, under the premise of ensuring that the front end of the scion does not break the skin, the scion is forced to be inserted obliquely under the central trunk, and the large inclined plane is closely connected with the xylem, so that the cutting angle is as large as possible and the number is as large as possible.
4. Mud-sealed socket. Glue the gap in the socket with wet mud.
5, scion bagging. Cover the exposed scion with a light plastic bag, and tighten the bag mouth to increase the humidity of the small environment.
After grafting, check the survival in time and unbind. Generally, it takes 20-30 days for grafting to see whether it is alive or not. After survival, the direction and position are better, the upper branches with vigorous growth should be prolonged, and the rest should be removed. Those that don't survive should choose strong branches from roots and tillers to keep, and the rest should be cut off to make them grow healthily and keep them for next spring.
Post-management:
1, timely check the grafting: the survival rate can be checked after 15 ~ 25 days in early spring, 7 days in summer and 10 days in autumn. Black or brown scions or buds indicate that grafting is unsuccessful. If the survival rate is too low, you can patch it in time.
2. Apply sufficient fertilizer and water to accelerate grafting growth: after fruit trees are grafted, according to the size of the trees, apply 5-25 kilograms of farm manure and 0.50-2.50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate. The ring or star fertilization method is adopted, and the ditching depth is 20 ~ 40 cm, which can be combined with root cutting to remove some aged lateral roots. After fertilization, watering is enough to keep the root disc moist. Fertilization can also be carried out in advance, that is, grafting in spring is improved in autumn of last year, and fertilization in summer is after early spring.
3. Strengthen the care of young branches to prevent them from being blown off by strong winds: when grafting begins to grow after grafting, loosen the dressing slightly, but not completely. When the young branches grow to 10 cm, take a number of sticks or crop straws, half of which are fixed on the trunk or main branches, and half of which are surrounded by young branches, and wrapped with a string to protect the young branches. After the young branches are firmly fixed, cut off the dressing with a knife during grafting to facilitate their growth.
4. Remove the budding of rootstocks in time to reduce the competition of grafting for nutrients, but treat the fruit trees facing replanting differently: in one case, the grafting in the last season was unsuccessful, and the fruit trees that need replanting in the next season should grow; Another situation is that grafting is unsuccessful in summer, and replanting has a great influence on the root system of fruit trees, so replanting should be abandoned and rootstocks should germinate and grow.
5. Grafting pruning: topping the overgrown graft at a proper height can promote the germination and growth of secondary branches; For branches with vigorous growth and strong competitiveness, methods such as taking branches, pulling and filling are adopted, and pruning methods such as short cutting and thinning are not adopted.
References:
Fruit tree grafting-Baidu Encyclopedia