Medical immunology
Teaching outline of medical immunology (fifth edition)
(for clinical, oral, preventive, laboratory, imaging and other majors)
Chapter 1 Introduction to immunology
Preview requirements
Preview the basic functions of the immune system and the characteristics of the immune response.
Purpose requirement
1, master the basic function of immune system, the types and characteristics of immune response;
2. Understand immune diseases and immunological applications;
3. Understand the brief history of immunology development and the development of modern immunology.
course content
1, the concepts of immunology and medical immunology;
2. The composition and function of the immune system;
3. Types and characteristics of immune response.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter II Immune Organs and Tissues
Preview requirements
Preview the composition and basic functions of the immune system.
Purpose requirement
1, familiar with the composition of immune organs and tissues;
2. Understand the basic functions of central and peripheral immunity;
3. Self-study the ways of lymphocyte homing and recovery.
course content
1, central immune organs and tissues;
2. Peripheral immune organs and tissues;
3. Pathway of lymphocyte homing and recycling.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter III Antigen
Preview requirements
Preview the concepts of antigen, immunogenicity, antigenicity, complete antigen, hapten, epitope, heterophile antigen, foreign body and specificity of antigen.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concepts of antigen, immunogenicity, antigenicity, complete antigen, hapten, epitope and heterophile antigen, the foreign body and specificity of antigen, and master the types of antigen according to whether Th cells participate in antibody induction;
2, familiar with * * * epitope and cross reaction;
3. Understand the concepts of superantigen and adjuvant and the function of epitope carrier;
4. Self-study the influencing factors of antigen-induced immune response.
course content
1, the concepts of antigen, immunogenicity, antigenicity, complete antigen, hapten and heterophile antigen;
2. Antigen foreign body: the concept of foreign body;
3. antigen specificity: antigen epitope, antigen binding titer, antigen epitope type, T cell epitope and B cell epitope, * * homologous epitope, cross reaction;
4. Antigen types: TD antigen and TI antigen, which are classified according to whether Th cells participate in antibody induction;
5. Superantigen: the concept of superantigen;
6. Adjuvant: the concept of adjuvant;
7. Epitope-carrier interaction.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter IV Immunoglobulin
Preview requirements
Preview the basic structure, hydrolyzed fragment, J chain and secretory tablet of immunoglobulin; Function of immunoglobulin.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concepts of antibody and immunoglobulin, the basic structure of immunoglobulin and the function of immunoglobulin;
2. Familiar with the concepts of monoclonal antibody, immunoglobulin hydrolyzed fragment, J chain and secretory tablet;
3. Understand the characteristics and functions of various immunoglobulins;
4. Self-study the heterogeneity of immunoglobulin.
course content
1, the concept of antibody; The concept of immunoglobulin;
2. Basic structure of immunoglobulin;
3. Domain of immunoglobulin;
4.j chain and secretory tablets;
5. Hydrolyzed fragments of immunoglobulin;
6, the function of immunoglobulin;
7. The characteristics and functions of various immunoglobulins;
8. The concept of monoclonal antibody.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter V Complement System
Preview requirements
Preview the classical pathway of complement activation, MBL pathway, bypass pathway and the biological function of complement.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concept of complement system, the characteristics and comparison of three ways of complement activation, and the biological function of complement;
2. Familiar with classic routes, MBL routes, bypass routes, * * and terminal processes;
3. Understand the composition and nomenclature of complement system and the relationship between complement and disease.
course content
1, the concept, composition, physical and chemical properties and nomenclature of complement system;
2. The classical way of complement activation;
3. MBL pathway of complement activation (introduction);
4. Bypass pathway of complement activation (introduction);
5. Homoterminal effect of complement activation;
6. Biological functions of complement: dissolving cells, bacteria and viruses, conditioning, immune adhesion and inflammatory mediators.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter VI Cytokines
Preview requirements
Preview the concept of cytokines and their similarities and differences; Types of cytokines (interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, chemokine, growth factor).
Purpose requirement
1, master the types of cytokines (interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, growth factor, chemokine);
2. The concept of cytokines;
3. Familiar with the similarities and differences of cytokines;
4, understand the biological activity of cytokines, cytokine receptors, cytokines and clinical.
course content
1, the concept of cytokine, * * * has the same characteristics;
2. Types of cytokines: interleukin, interferon, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, growth factor and chemokine.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted teaching.
Chapter 7 Differentiation and Adhesion of Molecular Clusters
Preview requirements
Preview the concepts of differentiation cluster, CD and adhesion molecule.
Purpose requirement
Familiar with the concepts of differentiation cluster, CD and adhesion molecules;
To understand the clinical application of CD, adhesion molecules and their monoclonal antibodies.
course content
1, cluster differentiation, concept of CD, common CD molecules;
2. The concept of adhesion molecules
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted teaching.
Chapter 8 Major histocompatibility complexes and their coding molecules
Preview requirements
Preview the position and structure of classical MHC and class II genes in HLA gene complex, as well as the structure, tissue distribution and functional characteristics of HLA class I and class II molecules, and the expression products of class I and class II genes.
Purpose requirement
1. Master the position and structure of classical MHC class and class II genes in HLA gene complex, as well as the structure, tissue distribution and functional characteristics of HLA class I and class II molecules, and the expression products of class I and class II genes;
2, familiar with the concept of MHC, antigen processing and presentation related genes: PSMB gene, TAP gene, HLA-DM gene;
3. Understand the interaction between antigen peptides and HLA molecules, the biological functions of MHC and HLA and clinical medicine.
course content
1, the concept of MHC
2. Classical MHC and II genes;
3. Expression products of Class I and Class II genes: the structure, tissue distribution and functional characteristics of HLA and Class II molecules;
4. Immune function related genes: genes related to antigen processing and presentation: LMP gene, TAP gene, HLA-DM gene;
5. The interaction between MHC molecules and antigenic peptides, and the biological function of MHC.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 9 B Lymphocytes
Preview requirements
Preview the differentiation and development of B cells in central immune organs. Part of BCR complex; Molecules involved in B cell activation and immune response.
Purpose requirement
1, master the composition of BCR complex;
2. Familiar with B cell * * * receptors and costimulatory molecules: CD40, CD80 and CD86；;
3. Understand the differentiation and development of B cells and the function of B lymphocytes in central immune organs.
course content
1, b lymphocyte surface molecule: the component of BCR complex;
2. Other molecules involved in B cell activation and immune response: B cell receptor, costimulatory molecules: CD40, CD80, CD86；;
3. Differentiation and development of B cells in central immune organs.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 10 T lymphocytes
Preview requirements
Preview the development and maturation of T lymphocytes in thymus. TCR-CD3 complex, CD4 and CD8 molecules, receptors of costimulatory molecules, classification of T lymphocyte subsets, CD4+ helper T cell function, CD8+ killer T cell function.
Purpose requirement
1, master TCR-CD3 complex, CD4 and CD8 molecules, and the receptor of costimulatory molecules: CD28；;
2. Familiar with the classification of T lymphocyte subsets and the functions of CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ killer T cells;
3. Understand the development of T lymphocytes in thymus;
4. Understand the functions of regulatory T cells and other costimulatory molecules.
course content
1, T lymphocyte surface molecules and their functions: TCR-CD3 complex, CD4 and CD8 molecules, costimulatory molecule receptors: CD28, CTLA-4, CD40L, CD2, LFA- 1, ICAM- 1, mitogen binding molecules: PHA receptor, ConA receptor;
2. Classification of T cell subsets;
3.T cell function: CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ killer T cells;
4. The development of T lymphocytes in thymus: the microenvironment of thymus and the selection of T lymphocytes in thymus.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter II XI Antigen-presenting Cells and Treatment and Presentation of Antigen
Preview requirements:
Preview the treatment of antigens by MHC I and MHC II pathways.
Purpose requirements:
1, master the concepts of antigen presenting cells, full-time APC and part-time APC;
2. Master MHC I and MHC II molecular pathways;
3. be familiar with the types of APC;
4. Understand the nonclassical antigen presenting pathway and CD 1 molecular presenting pathway of lipid antigen.
Teaching content:
1. The concept, types and characteristics of antigen presenting cells: the concepts of APC, professional APC and non-professional APC and their main representative cells;
2. The processing of antigen by 2.MHC molecular pathway;
3. MHC Ⅱ molecular pathway for antigen processing:
4.MHC molecules present antigens.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter XII Cellular Immune Response Mediated by T Lymphocytes
Preview requirements:
Preview TCR's recognition of MHC limitations of antigenic peptides, molecules involved in T cell activation, the role of Th cells: biological activities of Th 1 cells and Th2 cells, the role of CTL cells, and the formation of memory T cells.
Purpose requirement
1, master the MHC limitation of TCR recognition antigen peptide, molecules involved in T cell activation, and the role of CTL cells;
2. Be familiar with the recognition of antigen by T cells, the biological activity of Th 1 cells and the biological activity of Th2 cells;
3. Understand the biological activity of Th 17 cells, the formation of memory T cells, and the clonal proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific T cells.
course content
1, T cell recognition of antigen: MHC limitation of TCR recognition of antigen peptide, interaction between APC and T cell;
2. The process of T cell activation: molecules involved in T cell activation (dual signals of T cell activation);
3. Response effect of effector T cells:
Activity of (1)Th cells: ① biological activity of Th 1 cells: Th 1 cells can produce a variety of cytokines, which can cause inflammation by acting on macrophages in a variety of ways, the function of Th 1 cells on lymphocytes and the function of th1cells on neutrophils; ② ② Biological activity of ②②Th2 cells: assisting humoral immune response and participating in allergic inflammation ③ ③ Biological activity of TH17 cells;
(2) Effect of CTL cells: ① Effect-target cell combination; ② polarization of ②CTL; ③ Fatal attack: A: perforin and granzyme pathway; B: Fas/FasL pathway
(3) the formation of memory T cells
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 13 humoral immune response mediated by b lymphocytes
Preview requirements
Preview the recognition of TD antigen by B cells, the signals needed for B cell activation, and the activation, proliferation and differentiation of B cells; Immune response of b cells to TI antigen; General rules of humoral immune response.
Purpose requirement
1, master the signals needed for B cell activation, the concepts of primary reaction and secondary reaction, and the general rules of humoral immune response;
2. Be familiar with the recognition of TD antigen by B cells; Immune response of b cells to TI antigen;
3. Understand the proliferation and terminal differentiation of B cells; Differentiation and maturation of b cells in germinal center.
course content
1 and immune response of B cells to TD antigen;
(1) The recognition of TD antigen by B cells, the signal needed for B cell activation: the auxiliary role of Th cells in B cell immune response;
(2)B cell proliferation and terminal differentiation;
2. Immune response of B cells to TI antigen;
3. General rules of humoral immune response.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter XIV Inherent Immune System and Its Response
Preview requirements
Preview the tissue barrier of innate immune system and its function;
Purpose requirement
1, master the concept and types of pattern recognition receptors and the concept of pathogen-related pattern molecules;
2. Familiar with the tissue barrier of innate immune system and its function, as well as the killing mechanism of NK cells;
3, familiar with the inherent humoral immune molecules and their main functions;
4, familiar with the characteristics of innate immune response and the comparison of the main characteristics of innate immune response and adaptive immune response;
5. Understand the regulatory receptors and cytokine receptors of macrophages;
6. Understand the regulation of NK cell activity;
7. Understand the innate immune response stage.
course content
1, the tissue barrier of innate immune system and its function;
2. Macrophages and their receptors;
3. Killing mechanism of 3.NK cells; Regulating NK cell activity;
4. Inherent humoral immune molecules and their main functions;
5. Comparison of the main characteristics of innate immune response and adaptive immune response.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 15 Immune Tolerance
Preview requirements
Preview the basic concepts of immune tolerance.
Purpose requirement
Master the basic concepts of immune tolerance.
course content
Basic concepts of immune tolerance.
teaching method
Classroom teaching.
Multimedia-assisted instruction.
Chapter 16 Immunoregulation: Self-study
Chapter 17 Allergic reaction
Preview requirements
Preview the mechanism of various types of allergies.
Purpose requirement
1. Master the basic concept and classification of hypersensitivity and the mechanism of type I, II and III hypersensitivity;
2, familiar with the mechanism of type ⅳ hypersensitivity;
3. Understand the common types of allergic diseases.
course content
1, the concepts of hypersensitivity and allergen; Type of allergy;
2. The main characteristics of type I hypersensitivity;
3. The main components involved in type I hypersensitivity are allergens, IgE, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils;
4. Mechanism of type I hypersensitivity;
5. Clinical common type I hypersensitivity diseases: systemic anaphylaxis: drug anaphylactic shock (penicillin anaphylactic shock) and local anaphylaxis;
6. Mechanism of type II hypersensitivity;
7. Clinical common type II hypersensitivity diseases: blood transfusion reaction, neonatal hemolysis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug allergic cytopenia (penicillin) and Graves' disease;
8. Mechanism of type 8.III hypersensitivity;
9. Clinically common type III hypersensitivity diseases: Arthus reaction, systemic immune complex diseases: serum disease (caused by penicillin), glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection, and rheumatoid arthritis;
10, the mechanism of type ⅳ hypersensitivity;
1 1. Common hypersensitivity diseases: infectious delayed hypersensitivity, contact delayed hypersensitivity: contact dermatitis.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 18 Autoimmune Diseases
Preview requirements
Preview the characteristics of autoimmune diseases; Related factors of autoimmune diseases.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concepts of autoimmune and autoimmune diseases;
2, familiar with the characteristics of autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases related factors: antigen factors;
3. Understand the classification of autoimmune diseases;
4. Understand the immune damage mechanism and typical diseases of autoimmune diseases, and the related factors of autoimmune diseases: immune system factors.
course content
1, the concepts of autoimmune and autoimmune diseases;
2. Characteristics and classification of autoimmune diseases;
3. Immune damage mechanism and typical diseases of autoimmune diseases;
4. Related factors of autoimmune diseases: the release of antigen in immune isolation site, the change of autoantigen and molecular simulation.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted teaching.
Chapter XIX Immunodeficiency Disease
Preview requirements
To summarize the immunopathological and immunological characteristics of SCID caused by X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Digeorge syndrome, ADA and PNP deficiency, and the pathogenesis of AIDS.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concept and classification of immunodeficiency disease; The route of transmission of AIDS; Pathogenesis of AIDS: the mechanism of HIV invading immune cells;
2. Be familiar with the immunopathological and immunological features of SCID caused by X-linked agammaglobulinemia, DiGe orge syndrome, ADA and PNP deficiency; Factors inducing acquired immunodeficiency disease; Prevention and treatment of AIDS;
3. Understand hereditary angioneurotic edema and neutropenia; The pathogenesis of AIDS: the mechanism of HIV destroying immune cells; Immune response induced by HIV; Clinical staging and immunological characteristics.
course content
The concept and classification of immunodeficiency disease;
Primary B-cell defect: immunopathological and immunological features of X-linked agammaglobulinemia;
Primary T cell defect: immunopathological and immunological features of DiGeorge syndrome;
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease: immunopathological and immunological characteristics of SCID caused by ADA and PNP deficiency;
Complement system defect, phagocyte defect;
The inducing factors of acquired immunodeficiency disease and the concept of AIDS;
The mechanism of HIV invading immune cells;
Immune response induced by HIV; Clinical staging and immunological characteristics;
Prevention and treatment of AIDS.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 20 Tumor Immunity
Preview requirements
Preview the immune response of the body to tumor antigens and the immune escape mechanism of tumors.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concepts of tumor antigen, TSA and TAA;
2, familiar with the classification of tumor antigens, the body's immune response to tumors; Immune escape mechanism of tumor;
3. Understand the molecular mechanism of tumor antigen production; Immunodiagnosis, immunotherapy and tumor prevention.
course content
1, the molecular mechanism of tumor antigen production;
2. Tumor antigen: classification and characteristics of tumor antigen;
3. Immune response to tumor antigen: (1) humoral immune response; (2) cellular immune response;
4. Immune escape mechanism of tumor: (1) tumor cell-related factors; (2) Factors related to the host immune system;
5, tumor immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy and prevention.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching.
2. Multimedia-assisted teaching.
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 21 Transplantation Immunity
Preview requirements
Rehearse the essence of allograft rejection; Target antigen of allograft rejection; Receptor T cells directly recognize the concept of donor MHC molecules, while receptor T cells indirectly recognize the concept and basic process of donor MHC molecules.
Purpose requirement
1. Grasp the mechanism of T cells recognizing the same antigen: the concept of recipient T cells directly recognizing donor MHC molecules, and the concept and basic process of recipient T cells indirectly recognizing donor MHC molecules; The concepts of GVHR and HVGR;
2, familiar with the target antigen of allograft rejection; Types of transplant rejection;
3. Understand the mechanism and prevention principles of transplant rejection.
course content
1, the concepts of transplantation, donor and recipient;
2. The target antigen of allograft rejection;
3. The mechanism of T cells recognizing the same antigen: the concept of recipient T cells directly recognizing donor MHC molecules, and the concept and basic process of recipient T cells indirectly recognizing donor MHC molecules;
4. Mechanism of transplant rejection;
5. Types of transplant rejection; The concepts of GVHR and HVGR;
6. Prevention and treatment principles of transplant rejection.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted teaching.
Chapter 22 Basic Principles of Immunological Detection Technology (Teaching in Small Class)
Preview requirements
Preview agglutination reaction, precipitation reaction and enzyme immunoassay.
Purpose requirement
1. Master in vitro tests for detecting antigens and antibodies: agglutination reaction (direct agglutination reaction and indirect agglutination reaction) and precipitation reaction (convection immunoelectrophoresis); Antigen-antibody reaction of labeled antibody or antigen (enzyme immunoassay: double antibody sandwich method and indirect method); Immune cell function test: isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells;
2. Familiar with in vitro tests for detecting antigens and antibodies: precipitation reaction (one-way agar diffusion, two-way agar diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis), antigen-antibody reaction for labeling antibodies or antigens (immunofluorescence technology, radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, immunogold assay, western blot technology); Characteristics and influencing factors of antigen-antibody binding reaction in vitro;
3. Understand the detection of immune cell function: T cell function determination: T lymphocyte proliferation test.
course content
1, characteristics and influencing factors of antigen-antibody binding reaction in vitro;
2. In vitro tests for detecting antigens and antibodies: agglutination reaction (direct agglutination reaction and indirect agglutination reaction) and precipitation reaction (convection immunoelectrophoresis, unidirectional agar diffusion, bidirectional agar diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis); Antigen-antibody reaction with labeled antibody or antigen (enzyme immunoassay: double antibody sandwich method and indirect method, immunofluorescence technique, radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, immunogold labeling technique, protein blot technique);
3. Detection of immune cell function: Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells; T cell function determination: T lymphocyte proliferation test.
teaching method
1, classroom teaching;
2. Multimedia-assisted instruction;
3. Class discussion.
Chapter 23 Immune Prevention and Treatment (taught in a small experimental class)
Preview requirements
Preview artificial active immunization, artificial passive immunization and planned immunization.
Purpose requirement
1, master the concepts of artificial active immunization, artificial passive immunization and planned immunization.
2. Familiar with inactivated vaccine, attenuated live vaccine, toxoid, antitoxin, human immunoglobulin preparation, cytokine and monoclonal antibody; Basic requirements of vaccines, five vaccines commonly used in China's children's planned cotton-padded clothes;
3, understand the new vaccine and its development (subunit vaccine, conjugate vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine), the application of vaccine and the concept and classification of immunotherapy.
course content
1. Artificial immunity: artificial active immunity, artificial passive immunity and planned immunity.
2, inactivated vaccine, attenuated live vaccine, toxoid, antitoxin, human immunoglobulin preparation, cytokines and monoclonal antibodies; Basic requirements of vaccines, five vaccines commonly used in China's children's planned cotton-padded clothes;
3. New vaccines and their development (subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines and genetic engineering vaccines), the application of vaccines and the concept and classification of immunotherapy.