1. pruning of long branches: pruning in winter, 1 annual branches are mainly thinning and throwing branches, basically not short branches. After pruning during dormancy, the annual branches of/kloc-0 are mostly medium-long fruit branches, which are relatively long. Therefore, compared with the traditional short branch pruning, it is called long branch pruning and single branch regeneration in fruit tree cultivation.
2. Short cutting: it is to cut off a part of annual branches to enhance the branching ability, reduce the branching position and enhance the growth potential of new shoots. According to the degree of cutting, it can be divided into light cutting, medium cutting, heavy cutting and extremely heavy cutting.
3. Thinning: Cutting branches completely from the base is called thinning, also called thinning. Thinning is mainly to make the density of branches moderate and evenly distributed, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, and enhance the ability of new shoot development and flower bud differentiation.
4. Shrinking branches: Cut off some perennial branches that have already borne fruit from 2-3 years old branches, which is called "shrinking branches", also known as "retracting", which can adjust growth, rationally use space, get through light, renew and rejuvenate.
5. Bud wiping and bud removing: After the peach buds germinate, the redundant overgrown buds at the top and the competitive clustered buds under the scissors are wiped off, which is called bud wiping. When the bud grows to 5 cm after germination, it is called germination to pick off the bud in time. Generally, two branches can be removed, leaving one, and the angle and direction can be adjusted according to the requirements of shaping. For young trees, the extended branches should be removed from the weak branches, and the back branches should be removed to make the weak branches disappear completely.
6. Core-picking and shoot-cutting: In the growing season, the shoots at the front end of the growing new shoots are cut off manually or with scissors to achieve the purpose of limiting the elongation and growth of the new shoots. The main purpose of coring pruning is to control the vegetative growth in time and promote the germination and growth of the secondary and tertiary branches of trees. It is often used for the rapid shaping of young trees and the cultivation and renewal of adult branches.
7. Branch picking: In the early stage of semi-lignification of new shoots, the flourishing branches growing vertically are stroked from the base to the top by hand without damaging xylem, and the branches are twisted, which is called branch picking, also called stroke. Taking branches can hinder nutrient transport, slow down growth potential, and benefit nutrient accumulation, thus achieving the purpose of flowering and fruiting.
Peach trees have pruning periods all year round.
Pruning of peach trees is generally divided into dormancy (winter) pruning and growth (summer) pruning. Pruning in winter can generally be carried out after defoliation in winter 15 days and before germination in the next year.