1. Garden selection: Garden construction requires loose and fertile soil, good drainage, rich organic matter and ph value of 5.5-7.5.

2. Transplanting: conventional cultivation, the plant spacing should be controlled at about 3-3.5m× 3.5-4.5m. Dwarfing and close planting should be controlled at 2×3m or 1.5×2m.

3. Management: do a good job in orchard soil improvement, straw mulching, fertilization and watering, shaping and pruning.

First, choose a garden

1. Choose good soil quality, deep soil layer (above 60cm), loose and fertile soil, good irrigation and drainage conditions, organic matter content above 1.5%, and groundwater level below 100cm (the slope is controlled at 25? Next, use 10- 15? The garden should be built, and the soil pH should be controlled between 5.5 and 7.5.

2. The orchard is required to be more than 50 meters away from the main road.

Second, transplantation.

1. Variety selection: If it is an early-maturing and middle-maturing variety, it should be cultivated in areas with frost in winter. If it is a very early-maturing variety and a late-maturing variety, choose areas with high air temperature and accumulated temperature for planting.

2. Transplanting time and density: Generally, transplanting and planting are carried out in February-March in spring or September-65438+1October in autumn. For conventional cultivation, the plant spacing is controlled at about 3-3.5m, and the row spacing is controlled at about 3.5-4.5m For short and dense cultivation, the plant spacing is controlled at 2? 3m or 1.5? 2m or 1? Two million.

3. Transplanting method: When transplanting, properly trim the roots and branches and leaves, then put the seedlings in the center of the planting hole, and gently lift the seedlings upward while stepping on the seedlings to ensure that the roots of the seedlings are stretched out and fully contacted with the soil. After transplanting, water the roots.

4. The fruiting time after transplanting: it begins to bear fruit in the third year after transplanting, reaches the high-yield level in the fourth year, enters the full fruit stage in the fifth year, and gradually decreases after 10 years.

Three. soil management

1, soil improvement

(1) Deep tillage and soil improvement: Deep tillage and soil improvement (mainly including hole-expanding and furrow-type) can deepen the soil layer, improve the growth environment of citrus roots, ensure the deep and wide distribution of roots, prolong the high-yield period and improve the stress resistance. When turning deeply, the depth should be about 60-80cm.

(2) Planting green manure: Young trees have small crowns, and planting green manure can increase soil organic matter. Among them, the main types of green manure in winter are garden flowers, oats and arrowtongue peas, and the main types of green manure in summer are soybeans, mung beans and Indian cowpeas.

(3) ridging: generally, winter ridging is selected, combined with anti-freezing. When cultivating soil, choose pollution-free pond mud, river sand or nearby fertile soil to cultivate near the tree pocket, and rake it away when the temperature rises in the next spring.

2. Grass mulch

(1) Planting grass between rows in orchards is generally covered with tree trays at present, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of weeds.

(2) If it is an artificial grass species, you can generally choose Bahia grass, white clover, Lolium multiflorum and Pogostemon. If it is a natural grass species, generally choose grass species with shallow roots, short stems, different kinds of pests and diseases from citrus, which are beneficial to natural enemies and microbial activities of fruit tree pests, such as mugwort, Cynanchum komarovii, Alternanthera philoxeroides, crabgrass, Phytolacca acinosa and so on.

3. Straw mulching

(1) When high temperature, drought and severe cold occur, covering the tree tray with straw and other things can play the role of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, cold protection and drought prevention.

(2) The distance between mulch and citrus trunk is about 10cm, and the suitable thickness of mulch is about 15-20cm.

Fourth, fertilization management.

1. Young trees are fertilized 4-6 times a year, before spring shoots germinate, before summer shoots germinate, before autumn shoots germinate, and before new shoots turn green. For fruit trees, fertilization is divided into four periods, in which germination fertilizer is applied about 10- 15 days before citrus germination, and the amount of fertilization accounts for 15-20% of the total annual fertilization, mainly available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Fruit-stabilizing fertilizer is applied from the third season of flowering to the second physiological fruit drop, and the fertilization amount accounts for 5% of the total fertilization in the whole year, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer. From late July to early August, strong fruit fertilizer was applied, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounted for 40% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year, mainly available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer was applied in combination. Fruit picking fertilizer is applied before and after fruit harvesting, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 35-40% of the total amount of the whole year, mainly organic fertilizer.

2. 1 year-old trees, 500-600 kilograms of manure and 2.5-4 kilograms of urea are applied to each acre of orchard every year. For 2-year-old trees, 750- 1000 kg of manure and 4-5 kg of urea should be applied per mu of orchard. For 3-year-old trees, apply manure 1250- 1500 kg and urea 5-7.5 kg per mu of orchard. Results Before 1 year, manure1750-2,200 kg, urea 10- 13.5kg, calcium superphosphate 10- 13.5kg,/kloc. 4,000-5,000 kilograms of manure, 25-35 kilograms of urea, 25-35 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 37.5-45 kilograms of potassium chloride are applied to each acre of fruit trees.

3. Spraying 0.3-0.5% urea +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves during the growth period of new shoots. Spraying 0.2% borax +0.3% urea solution on the leaves at flowering stage. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% urea solution and 1% calcium superphosphate extract on the leaves of young fruits. When the fruit expands rapidly, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) water management

1, the fruit-setting period (April-June) is in the rainy season, so it is necessary to strengthen ditching and drainage, and water it in time in case of high temperature weather.

2. During the fruit expansion period (July-September), pay attention to watering in time.

3. When the fruit is ripe (from June 5438 to 10 to harvest), the water demand is less, unless the weather is too dry, watering is generally not needed.

4. When the growing season stops (harvest to March of the following year), the water demand is the same, so watering is generally unnecessary. If it is too dry or frozen, irrigate it properly.

Six, plastic pruning

1, commonly used in citrus trees

It mainly includes natural round head shape, natural happy shape, short trunk and many main branches.

2, young tree pruning

(1) Germination: Young trees can sprout spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots three times a year. In the growing season, sporadic early buds are erased to germinate neat summer and autumn buds, while spring buds let them germinate naturally without germination.

(2) Coring: When the branch tip is too long, it should be cored, and the length of the new tip is generally about 20-30cm.

3, adult tree pruning

(1) If it is pruned in winter, it is usually done after the fruit is harvested and before the spring germination. If it is summer pruning, it is usually done after germination and before fruit harvesting.

(2) When pruning in winter, about 20-25% of the total leaves can be pruned at most. When pruning in summer, it shall not exceed 15% of the total leaves at most. The annual pruning and defoliation should be controlled at about 15-30%.

(3) If it is an annual tree, the pruning amount should be controlled at about 20-25%. If it is a young tree, the pruning amount should be controlled at about 15%. If it is a stable tree, the pruning amount should be controlled within 20%.