General ECU has the function of fault self-diagnosis and protection. When the system fails, it can also automatically record the fault code in RAM, and take protective measures to read the replacement program from the above-mentioned inherent program to maintain the engine running. At the same time, these fault information will be displayed on the dashboard and will be immortal, so that the owner can find the problem in time and drive the car to the repair shop.
Like an ordinary computer, it consists of a microprocessor (MCU), a memory (ROM, RAM), an input/output interface (I/O), an analog-to-digital converter (A/D) and a large-scale integrated circuit such as shaping and driving. To put it simply, ECU is the brain of a car.
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Working principle of ECU
In general, the voltage working range of ECU is 6.5- 16V (internal key points have voltage regulators), the working current is 0.0 15-0. 1A, and the working temperature is -40℃~80℃. It can withstand the vibration below 1000Hz, so the probability of ECU damage is very small. In ECU, CPU is the core component, which has the functions of operation and control.
When the engine is running, the signals of each sensor are collected and calculated, and the calculation results are converted into control signals to control the work of the controlled object. It also controls memory (ROM/FLASH/EEPROM, RAM), input/output interface (I/O) and other external circuits.
The program stored in ROM is written on the basis of accurate calculation and a large number of experimental data. This inherent program is constantly compared and calculated with the signals collected from various sensors when the engine is working. The comparison and calculation results are used to control the ignition, air-fuel ratio, idle speed, exhaust gas recirculation and other parameters of the engine.