Planting method
Choose a ventilated, well-drained, warm place with sufficient sunlight or semi-cloudy environment. Soil balls should be laid well for transplanting to ensure the survival rate. Planting soil should be acidic and avoid alkaline soil. The pot soil of potted osmanthus fragrans is composed of 2 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 3 parts sandy soil and 2 parts decomposed cake fertilizer. Mix well, then put on the pot or change the pot, before germination in spring.
liquid manure
Before planting on the ground, plant ash and organic fertilizer were mixed in the tree holes, and watered 1 time after planting. Keep the soil moist before the introduction of new technology, and don't water it with chemical fertilizer. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer is applied 65,438+0 times in spring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied 65,438+0 times in summer to make flowers flourish, and overwintering organic fertilizer is applied 65,438+0 times before winter, which is mainly composed of decomposed cake fertilizer and stable manure. Avoid thick fat, especially feces and urine. Osmanthus fragrans potted in winter in northern China should be put in a low-temperature greenhouse. Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission indoors, with little water. After leaving the house in April, the amount of water can be increased appropriately, and the amount of light fat water can be poured in the peak season, and the fat water can be slightly thicker in the flowering period.
Lighting temperature
In the south of the Yellow River basin, it can be cultivated in the open field for wintering. Potted plants should be moved indoors in winter, placed in a sunny place and fully exposed to direct sunlight. The room temperature should be above 5℃, but not more than 10℃. After germination in April of the following year, it is moved outdoors, first placed in the leeward and sunny place for maintenance, and then gradually moved to a ventilated sunny or semi-shady environment after the growth is stable, and then normal management is carried out. Insufficient light during the growth period affects flower bud differentiation.
Extended data:
Plastic trimming
Depending on the tree, determine the big frame according to the tree posture, remove other tillers, too dense branches, too strong branches, cross branches and weak branches, and make ventilation and light transmission. For the strong and weak, the upper branches can be cut short 1/3 to make the whole tree strong, and at the same time, the calluses antiseptic film can be applied to the pruning mouth to protect the wound. ?
1. De-bud and wipe-bud: De-bud and wipe-bud is a method to erase new buds just before germination or early stage of germination and before lignification. This work in time can save a lot of organic nutrients and promote the rapid and healthy development of retained branches. In addition to germination and bud wiping, the focus is on the roots and necks of young trees near the ground, which should be carried out many times a year, especially in time before the spring, summer and autumn shoots flourish.
These new buds, which germinate from adventitious buds and latent buds, have strong vitality, fast germination speed, slightly delayed treatment time, and many tufted branches will appear at the base. What's more, some long branches are straight up and compete with the trunk in parallel, disrupting the original tree shape. Due to various reasons, germination and smearing can not be carried out in time, and the tillers for germination have grown up. When pruning, all of them should be removed from the base, leaving no living piles, otherwise the sprouting tillers will be cut more and more. ?
After grafting (after rootstock cutting by branch grafting or bud grafting), it is particularly important to remove germination and smear buds. Because the healing of scion and rootstock needs a process, it is often that the hidden buds on rootstock will germinate before the scion germinates, competing with the scion for nutrients and reducing the survival rate of grafting. Even if the grafting survives, the scion will sprout new branches, and the growth potential of the sprouting tiller is still stronger than that of the scion. If it is not treated in time, it will seriously affect the growth of scion shoots. Therefore, the sprouting and sprouting after grafting should be repeated many times. ?
2. Picking and twisting tips: Picking and twisting tips are mainly aimed at new shoots that grow rapidly. Removing the tender part of the top of the new shoot can control the growth height of the new shoot, promote the senescence of branches and stimulate the lateral meristem. Twisting branches is to twist semi-lignified new shoots, weaken the growth potential of branches by destroying the conducting tissues of xylem, and retain the photosynthetic function of branches and leaves.
Picking and twisting new buds are used to adjust the growth potential of new buds. When there are many branches at the base of osmanthus fragrans seedlings and the trunk is not obvious, new shoots with good growth position and relatively vigorous growth are selected and not treated. If all other new buds are picked or twisted, the new buds will be strengthened by the top advantage and the height will increase rapidly. Repeat this operation for 2-3 times to cultivate a thick trunk. If the trunk grows too fast, it will be too long and too thin, or if there are competing branches, it can be adjusted by pinching branches.
Third, short cutting, retraction and thinning: the mature branches of small osmanthus seedlings need to be trimmed with pruning shears. Short cutting, also known as short cutting, is to cut off a part of annual branches to reduce the number of buds on branches, concentrate nutrition, promote the thickening and branching of branches, and stimulate cutting buds to produce strong branches. Short pruning is often used to prune the extension branches of the main branch. When cutting short, we should pay attention to the plumpness and bud position direction of cuttings, and usually choose fully developed buds as cuttings to extract strong elongated branches.
If the short branches grow too vigorously, the spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots grow continuously, and the elongation of a single branch is too long, the latent buds of blind nodes can also be used as cutting buds to promote the lower and middle branches. The selection of bud position is mainly to adjust the extension direction of branches. The degree of pruning depends on the thickness of branches and the stimulation intensity required for pruning reaction. For osmanthus fragrans, the front branches are dense and it is easy to form whorls. Therefore, the pruning of the extension branches of the main branch is generally to cut off the branches of 1/3 to avoid the occurrence of round branches.
Retraction is a pruning method of heavy and short pruning for old branches over 2 years old. Retraction pruning is mainly used to change the head of backbone branches, change the extension direction of big branches, open the angle of main branches, and adjust the balance of growth potential between branches.
Pruning is to completely cut off branches from the base, which is mainly used to deal with branches that grow too densely. For the extended branches of the main branch, the dense round under it should be unfamiliar to concentrate nutrients and ensure the normal growth of the extended branches. Deleting the strong branches of the unit branch order can weaken the growth potential of the branch order, balance the tree potential and improve the illumination.
garden
Zhou Kewen records: "The word diameter extends for more than forty miles, and all the thoroughfares are stacked with pines and laurels, and even the clouds cover the sun. People walk in the sky and smell ten miles, and the number reaches 65,438+07,000, which is really beautiful." It can be seen that pine trees and laurel trees were used as street trees at that time. In modern gardens, osmanthus fragrans follows the example of ancient times and makes full use of its lush foliage and evergreen characteristics as a greening tree species.
Its configuration forms are eclectic, which can be opposite planting, scattered planting, group planting and row planting. Traditionally, it has been known as "two osmanthus flowers in the courtyard" and "two osmanthus flowers leave fragrance" since ancient times. Four traditional famous flowers, Magnolia, Begonia, Peony and Osmanthus fragrans, are often planted in front of the courtyard to express the homophonic meaning of jade, hall, wealth and preciousness. ?
Cinnamon is a good carving material because of its dense wood, beautiful texture, not easy to crack and smooth plane.
Osmanthus fragrans is widely used in gardens. Today, with the continuous progress of science, seedlings originating in the south have been introduced to the north, widely distributed in Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Shanxi and other places. The greening effect of osmanthus fragrans is good and fast, which can not only play a better role in the year of planting. However, planting in the north is generally cold-resistant, and special protection is needed in winter to survive the winter safely.
Osmanthus fragrans is evergreen all year round, with lush foliage, crisp autumn air and overflowing fragrance, which can be described as "monopolizing Sanqiu over others". It is widely used in gardens, often used as landscape trees, including single planting, opposite planting and cluster planting. In Chinese classical gardens, sweet-scented osmanthus is often matched with buildings, mountains and rivers, and stone machines, and shrubs are planted near pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions.
Old-style gardens are often planted relatively, which was called "double laurel in the court" or "double laurel leaves fragrance" in ancient times. Planting osmanthus trees around the house or in front of the window can receive the effect of "golden wind to send incense" on campus, which means "the moon is brighter than osmanthus" and a large number of osmanthus trees are planted. Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and it is also a good greening flower in industrial and mining areas.
Osmanthus fragrans is rich in fragrance and contains a variety of spices, which can be eaten or extracted. China has formed concentrated planting areas of osmanthus fragrans such as Xianning in Hubei, Taoyuan in Hunan, Lu 'an in Anhui, Guilin in Guangxi, Zunyi in Guizhou and Wuhan in Hubei.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia Osmanthus fragrans (the common name of many trees in Oleaceae in China)