Surgeons are a high-risk industry, and most patients have to undergo surgery. Although all kinds of advanced instruments and equipment provide a certain guarantee for accurate preoperative diagnosis, the suddenness and complexity of some diseases and symptoms are inevitable and unpredictable, and some problems in the operation have not been satisfactorily solved, which requires surgeons to pay attention to the following problems during their growth and avoid unnecessary detours. Zhang Limin I, Department of Urology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao: Fully understand the development direction of surgery 1, and understand the present situation and development of basic research. Young surgeons should not be satisfied with observing things with cytopathology and analyzing the causes of diseases, but should advocate studying the occurrence and clinical manifestations of many diseases from the advanced theories of biology (including modern cellular molecular biology) and physiology, and explore various effective diagnosis and treatment methods and basic principles. In addition, they should apply the new achievements and technologies of basic science to clinic as soon as possible, and constantly use experiments. 2. Keep abreast of the application of new surgical equipment, instruments and technologies. In the past two or three decades, the new technological revolution has led to a substantial update of many items in surgical diagnosis and treatment technology. Diagnosis is mainly based on imaging, such as improved ultrasonic diagnosis technology, CT, spiral, MRI, DSA and so on. Endoscopes and endoscopes suitable for various anatomical parts, isotope tracing technology for diagnosis and location, breast biopsy technology and equipment for stereotactic location, etc. In recent ten years, the development of minimally invasive surgery represented by laparoscopy has violently impacted the traditional surgical treatment model. The development of minimally invasive surgery has greatly promoted the generation and renewal of related high technologies, and the use of new equipment and instruments has also promoted the progress of minimally invasive surgery itself. As a new field of surgery, minimally invasive surgery is constantly expanding. Young surgeons should fully understand its importance, make full preparations, learn new knowledge and technology, understand and master the new trends of surgical specialty, and adapt to the new ones as soon as possible. 2. Establish the idea of serving the people wholeheartedly and maintain good medical ethics. Surgery is a subject that can see immediate results quickly, and it is also a subject that is prone to medical disputes and accidents. This requires surgeons to make an oath of "serving the people wholeheartedly" from the day they practice medicine. This is also the root cause of different majors, study intentions and responsibilities, regardless of seniority. In different goals, different occasions and different backgrounds, it is very important to always encourage yourself and each other. For example, in the whole process of academic growth, when dealing with daily medical teaching and scientific research, when experiencing very heavy work, when encountering unexpected complications, even medical disputes, when implementing some clinical research plans, and when facing various work arrangements and opportunities, we all need the support of this persistent belief, which is also a lifelong pursuit of a surgeon. Medical ethics is the basic professional ethics that any doctor should have. Doctors' occupation is to save lives, which is a very noble cause. Medical ethics is a comprehensive measure of a doctor's character, skills and personality. Young surgeons should learn from the older generation of surgeons with an open mind, "be a man first, then do things", be strict with themselves, start from small things, have a high sense of responsibility, and don't care about money, reputation and interests. Doctors are also a service industry, and surgeons are no exception. For young surgeons, paying attention to the art of service is particularly important, because the technology of service is basically the same for every patient, but the art of service varies from person to person. Attention should be paid to patients' psychological factors and state. If we don't pay attention to the patient's psychological state, even if the diagnosis and treatment are correct, the effect may not be good. Only by fully considering patients' psychological factors and making patients trust doctors can we achieve the best treatment effect. Third, practice, read, summarize and practice again to develop good reading habits and constantly update knowledge. Today's society is an era of rapid development of science and technology and continuous emergence of inventions. It's especially important to take time to study. However, in reality, there is always a contradiction between the geometric growth of knowledge and the increasingly heavy daily workload. How do young surgeons learn more new knowledge in a limited time? The following points are provided for reference: a, to establish a correct learning attitude, we should abandon the wrong view of simply attaching importance to technical operation and fundamentally realize the importance of learning new knowledge and new theories to improve our own level. B, clear goals, point-to-point combination, the scope of modern surgery continues to expand, but the specialty is more detailed, everyone's energy and time are limited, and it is impossible to cover up all the knowledge on the ground. Therefore, when absorbing new knowledge, we should focus on it, take the knowledge related to this major as the starting point, focus on it, and browse other majors at the same time, so as to have both superb professional knowledge and extensive basic knowledge. C. Diversified learning methods: reading books and magazines, advocating active reading, learning with questions, thinking while reading, summarizing in time after reading, combining previous knowledge and practice in time, selectively participating in continuing education, or participating in key study classes and correspondence classes, which has the advantages of planned, targeted and systematic learning. Make full use of information technology products, such as the Internet and various medical databases represented by Medline, so that we can hunt for the latest professional materials urgently needed from the vast ocean of information in the shortest time. 2. Practice, read, summarize and practice again. Surgery is a subject with strong practicality and high requirements for basic knowledge theory. We must constantly sum up practical experience and lessons. To sum up, we must read, read, practice, summarize, read, practice and then summarize. Practice has proved that this is a good way to improve the level of medical theory and medical technology. Professor Qiu Fazu, the founder of modern surgery in China, once made the following incisive exposition on how to correctly handle the relationship between theory and practice: "If a surgeon only has skilled surgical techniques without rich details of surgical theory, he is bound to fall into the category of' craftsman', how to correctly judge and treat difficult and complicated surgical diseases, how to sum up his own practical experience, and how to further develop and innovate modern surgery". The above viewpoints are worth learning from young surgeons. Four: technical Excellence. Surgeons must strive for perfection and master various surgical skills skillfully. Requirements: 1. Learn to operate step by step. Young doctors first pull the hook, be good assistants, then operate under the guidance of superior doctors, and then operate independently; Minor surgery first, then major surgery. 2, master the indications and contraindications of each operation. 3, do not rob surgery, do not fight for major surgery, do not give up minor surgery. 4. Do not seek personal gain by surgical techniques. 5, non-surgical treatment can cure the disease, do not do unnecessary surgery, information: proper operation can save lives, improper application can also cause disability and death. 6. Don't blindly do surgery that you can't do. 7, pay special attention to the perioperative management of each patient, do a good job of preoperative preparation, in addition to mastering professional knowledge and ability, but also have knowledge of related disciplines, in order to avoid improper perioperative management and undue complications. Be careful in operation and have the ability to deal with unexpected situations before operation; Observe closely after operation, deal with complications in time, and don't be blind and confident. Five: United and cooperative surgery involves a wide range, and the diagnosis and treatment of many patients involves many departments and professions. Only by uniting and cooperating can we complete the rescue task together. Therefore, young surgeons are required to be modest and prudent in their work, to respect each other and not to shirk their patients. When there are different views and opinions in medical work and academics, we should put patients first, seek common ground while reserving differences, and take the overall situation into consideration. The patient entrusted his most precious life to the surgeon. We should be aware of the heaviness of scalpels and the sacredness of saving lives, so we should be cautious. As Zhang, a famous medical scientist, said, "If you are on the brink of an abyss, you are treading on thin ice". Modesty and prudence are also the performance of good medical ethics, and medical ethics is also one of the signs to measure the level of doctors. In addition to business, we should also master the artistry of service, pay attention to communication skills and language art, and give consideration to the understanding of medical disciplines. In this sense, heart-to-heart communication is a lubricant, which can eliminate conflicts and frictions. When getting along with colleagues, doctors at higher levels have the responsibility to understand the difficulties of doctors at lower levels and give correct guidance. It is the duty of doctors at lower levels to respect and implement the opinions of doctors at higher levels and remind them objectively. Surgical work needs team spirit. As an overall role, the surgeon should be good at mobilizing everyone's enthusiasm, fully respecting everyone's work, less personal heroism, more collectivism, giving play to the United team spirit and establishing a healthy collectivism image. Surgery is the main method to treat surgical diseases, but complications and accidents will inevitably occur, which requires surgeons to have good psychological quality and psychological endurance. Even if the theory allows some complications, a surgeon should feel guilty from the bottom of his heart, otherwise he is not an excellent surgeon. Calm down, assess the situation, and seek the best solution based on the principle of seeking truth from facts. Explain patiently, get the understanding and consent of the patient's family, and handle it properly in time. Sometimes humanistic care can make up for the technically unknown fields. For critically ill patients, don't lose confidence and hope easily, but try your best. Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are sometimes inevitable. The most important thing is to learn from them and sum up what you can't get from successful experience. Can't "give up eating because of choking" and cringe; We must not be complacent and complacent. Sometimes it takes time to understand the extreme remarks and misconduct of patients or their families. To be a doctor, you must be caring, compassionate and responsible, because in a sense, the real teacher is the patient, and the doctor's experience and skills come from the patient's pain and recovery. Without "three hearts", an excellent surgeon cannot be achieved. Love can be said to be the biggest motivation in medical career. Without a caring person, he can only be a bystander, not a participant and a pioneer. A doctor without love can never be a good doctor, but he is often the initiator of the accident. Often take patients as mirrors, often follow the example of medical masters, and often reflect on the surgery they have done. Three people must have my teacher, engaged in medical career, which means dedication until life.