Planting passion fruit requires large planting bandwidth, large holes, sufficient topsoil, large root circle, reasonable frame height and density. The planting bandwidth is more than 1. 1m, the inclination is 5-8 degrees, the inner wall is more than 70 degrees, the planting belt and the inner wall are flat and tidy, and a small ridge of 20cm× 30cm is built at the outer edge of the planting belt; The plant spacing is 3 m× 4 m, the width of the hole mouth is 60 cm, and the width and depth of the bottom mouth are 40cm；; The topsoil is rich and sufficient, which is convenient for returning to the hole and pruning the root circle; Rhizosphere soil is 20 cm high and 70 cm in diameter; Climbing frame height is 2.2m on windward slope and 2.5m on leeward slope.
Planting and installation of piles
Common types:
(1) single-wall fence frame, that is, one or two iron wires are pulled on a row of columns, the height of which is about 2 meters, and the spacing between columns is 6 meters, during which two plants can be planted;
② The T-shaped fence frame is similar to the single-wall fence frame, except that a horizontal arm is placed at the top of each column, and two iron wires are pulled at both ends of the arm.
Supporting materials:
Mainly cement piles, iron wires or aluminum wires, wooden sticks and bamboo poles are also acceptable.
Distance and quantity of scaffold planting:
The distance between cement poles is 4m, and the cement poles are pulled to passion fruit plants, and the dosage per mu is 56. The cement pole is 220 cm long, the planting depth is 40-50 cm, the ground height is 180 cm, and the lead wire or iron wire is double-layered, with one layer 100 cm. Bare-rooted seedlings and bagged seedlings can be used. Bare-rooted seedlings have convenient transportation and low cost, but the survival rate is low; Bagged seedlings recover quickly after planting, which is convenient for drought-resistant planting, but the cost is higher.
When breeding, the seeds are soaked in water for 2-3 days, and the outer glue of the seeds is wiped off by hand. Each kilogram of seeds is dressed with 10- 15g carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, and can be sown after 20-30 hours. Nurseries should be shaded by 40% to 50%. Water every three days after sowing, and open a shade shed for ventilation 1 day. After 7 ~ 10 day, the seeds germinated and partially unearthed, and the straw cover and plastic film fence were removed.
planting season
It can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, and spring and autumn are the best.
Planting pattern
The fence is mainly vertical, and scaffolding can be used for garden cultivation.
planting density
The row spacing of film cultivation is 3 × 2m. Planting per mu 1 1 1 plant.
When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrition bags should be dug out of the soil and not buried in the soil. When planting seedlings, mix well with a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to make planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten out the root system, fill the soil in layers and compact it. Water the roots in time after planting. In the newly dug planting hole, the root neck of seedlings is slightly higher than the ground 8- 10 cm when planting. After planting, sort out the tree tray and cover it with a small piece of film of 50×50 cm. Rational intercropping of dwarf candidate crops such as peas, strawberries, potatoes, white konjac and vegetables among fruit trees will make full use of land and light and heat resources to improve the yield per unit area and comprehensive benefits.
Young tree nursing
After the seedlings resume growth, they should be smeared with buds every five days to make the main vines grow fast and thick. Complete orchard pruning before the end of February every year, and cut off branches of pests and diseases; Before the rainy season, dig drainage ditches and trim root circles to prevent plants from accumulating water; During the flowering period from late June to early July, spraying 250 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves to promote flowering; Spraying "Dayun-120" 6000 times solution and 0.2% borax on the leaves in late July to protect the fruits. You can also apply fertilizer to the roots to promote flowers and protect fruits. Before the dry season comes, the soil in the planting belt should be turned over once, and the weeds in the protective belt should be cut off and covered on the planting belt to keep warm, moisturize and increase the organic matter content in the soil.
Plastic trimming
When the young trees grow to 40-50 cm, they should be erected in time to pull the vines of the young trees to the shelf. Young trees are mainly single main vine, with two layers and four branches. When the main vine grows to 70-80 cm, leave two lateral vine branches and drag them on the shelf respectively to make the first main vine. When the plant grows to 150- 160 cm, 1 strong lateral branches are left, which are used as two layers of main branches together with the main spreading branches, and are respectively pulled in opposite directions to form two layers of four-branch rattan. During this period, all the lateral branches and budding branches below 80 cm and between 80- 160 cm of the main vine should be cut or erased.
Do plastic surgery
① Single vine shaping: leave one main vine for each plant. When the main vine reaches the wire, it grows with the wind, and then leaves a vine to grow in the opposite direction;
② Double vine shaping: one plant keeps two main vines, and the main vines grow in two directions after reaching the wire.
decrease
Prune the fruit after picking, and cut it to the second grade main vine or above the third grade main vine. It is not suitable to cut again in dormant or inactive growth period. 65438+Sow seeds of yellow fruits in February and seeds of purple fruits in August and September. When the lianas cover the surface of the frame, cut off the internal leaves and the branches that are not fruitful due to aging, and shrink the drooping branches to a distance of 15cm from the ground. Old diseased trees can be pruned again, and all secondary branches should be shortened at 20 cm near the main vine to stimulate the formation of new shoots.
hand-pollinate
Yellow fruit seeds need artificial pollination, and purple fruit seeds can increase yield. The method is to collect anthers when the flowers just bloom, and then apply pollen to the stigma with a brush.
Fertilizer and water management
When passionflower is planted for the first time, basal fertilizer should be applied in combination with hole-opening planting. Apply decomposed farmyard manure10-15kg to each hole, and plant it after backfilling the hole soil. After picking fruits every year, we should combine pruning and weeding to apply sufficient base fertilizer, and apply 8- 10 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each plant. Passiflora topdressing is generally carried out once a month after colonization, and it is better to apply thin fertilizer first and then thick fertilizer.
After planting, the seedlings should be irrigated and drained in time, and light fertilizer or foliar fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times. Foliage fertilizer can be sprayed with 400 times of Mao Bifeng solution.
After the plants are put on the shelves, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, mainly human excrement and urine, can be applied topdressing before the new shoots grow, at full flowering stage and at full fruit stage. Fertilization method is to dig a ring ditch 30-40 cm away from the plant base, apply it evenly and cover the soil to avoid damaging the root system.
Passionflower is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, and excessive application before flowering is easy to lead to excessive growth, so more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied appropriately.
irrigate
Passionflower is strict with water, afraid of water accumulation and drought. Lack of water during flowering and fruiting will lead to small fruit, poor quality and fruit drop. Therefore, attention should be paid to drainage in rainy season and watering in time in drought. It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not turn white at ordinary times, and it is best to keep the soil water content close to the maximum water holding capacity in the field during flowering and fruit setting, but not to be waterlogged. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are preferred. It is best to plant shallow grass or cover plastic film between rows to keep soil moisture. Avoid intercropping with melon crops to avoid virus disease. flower
The flower bud of passion fruit belongs to the differentiation type of that year, and it only takes about 30 days from flower bud differentiation to flowering. New cuttings can bloom in June, and a small amount of fruits will be on the market in August. In the second year, it enters the formal fruiting period, and it can blossom many times every March-165438+1October. Each node at the base of the flowering branch can form 1 flower, and 4-6 normal flowers can be formed continuously in production, and then normal flowers can be formed every 2-3 years. Flower buds bloom 18-20 days, usually in the morning10-1.
result
The time required for fruit ripening varies with the flowering period. Flowers that bloom in May-June ripen in 50-60 days, flowers that bloom in August-September ripen in 70-90 days, and bloom after 100- 120 days. Its self-pollination rate is high, and mature fruits can be picked from mid-June to early February every year, and the most concentrated harvest period of 10 is in early July and late June respectively.
The fruit is nearly spherical or ovoid, with an average longitudinal diameter of 6.4 cm and a transverse diameter of 5.8 cm. The fruit shape index is 1. 1, and the average fruit weight is 65g. Young fruit is green, ripe fruit is purplish red, 0.3-0.6 cm thick, slightly hard; The pulp (aril) is orange yellow, with low acidity, rich aroma and good flavor. It can be eaten raw or processed into juice. The fruit juice content is about 28%, and the soluble solid content is 15%- 16%. The seeds are small and numerous, black. The fruit will naturally fall off when it is ripe, which is resistant to storage and transportation.