1, vitamin D supplementation to prevent chicken breast in children: After chicken breast is formed, with the growth of age, children take ordinary rice as nutrition, vitamin D is sufficient, calcium salt is deposited on cartilage, cartilage becomes bone, and chicken breast is fixed as the basic framework of metabolism. At this time, chicken breasts cannot be cured by simple drugs and nutrition. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of chicken breast in children must focus on preventing rickets.
2. When treating chicken breast, pay attention to the child's age and rickets. Before the age of 3, rickets is often active, and after the age of 3, it enters a stable period. The former mainly treats rickets after the occurrence of chicken breast, while the latter mainly corrects deformity.
(1) Anti-rickets treatment: Children with chicken breast meat under 3 years old should be actively given anti-rickets treatment, including diet therapy and vitamin D treatment, and calcium supplementation if necessary.
(2) Corrective treatment of deformity: Children after 3 years old are mostly sequela, and treatment with calcium and vitamin D is ineffective. Generally mild chicken breast will gradually disappear with the growth of the body. Strengthening physical exercise, such as chest expansion, push-ups, head-up and other exercises, two or three times a day, can accelerate the correction of deformity.
3. Surgical therapy
(1) At present, the most advanced thoracoscopic correction of funnel chest in China.
The method is to cut a small incision of 2 cm in the middle line of the lower thoracic axil of the child, peel it off with thoracoscope and guide it, then insert the self-made correction device into the opposite side and turn it over, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. The surgical incision is about 1.5-20 cm long, so it is necessary to remove the diseased costal cartilage and do sternal osteotomy. Surgical trauma, bleeding, postoperative pain in children, slow recovery. No matter what kind of surgery, the risk of hypoxic brain damage, lung infection and atelectasis still exists due to the destruction of chest integrity by cutting off ribs.
(2) A new pectus excavatum operation without thoracotomy.
At present, there are doctors who treat pectus excavatum without thoracotomy: only two small incisions of 2 cm are made in the child's chest wall, and steel plates are placed behind the patient's sternum after shaping according to the patient's chest, and both ends of the steel plates are supported on the patient's ribs to correct the child's pectus excavatum deformity. The new operation without thoracotomy has the advantages of less trauma and less bleeding. Intraoperative steel plate can be shaped according to the degree of thoracic deformity of patients, which is more suitable for individual differences and has better surgical effect. Postoperative patients have little pain, can get out of bed the next day, and the hospitalization time is short and the hospitalization cost is low, which is a good method to treat funnel chest in modern times.
(3) Age for operation.
Pectus excavatum belongs to congenital skeletal dysplasia, not caused by calcium deficiency and malnutrition, and its etiology is still unclear.
In 1970s, the youngest patient of this kind of operation abroad was about 4-5 years old. At present, the best operation age depends on the hospital conditions and the level of surgeons. Experts believe that according to the characteristics of children's bones, the best time to correct funnel chest is 2-4 years old. Surgery at a young age cannot affect children's development. At present, there have been 1-3-year-old children who have done this kind of operation, and most of them have achieved good results.