Second, clarify the thinking of the article: when reading natural science works, we should understand how each conclusion in the book is drawn, and learn scientific thinking laws and methods from thinking. When reading literary works, we should find out the clues and ideas of the author's article, not just pursue the plot and the result. After learning a chapter or a question, it is of great benefit to close the book and carefully reflect on the author's thinking.
Third, you can ask questions: there are roughly two types of questions when reading. One is that you disagree with the views in the book and ask questions; One is the problem that I don't understand because of my lack of knowledge and experience. No matter what kind of question, I can't ask it without thinking. If I am good at asking questions with my brain, I can read relevant books with my questions and think further, and the gains from reading will be even greater.
Fourth, be able to recall independently and express accurately: after reading an article or a book, you should carefully recall what the main contents of the book are and what the main gains are. You can also record the problems that can't be solved at the moment for further study and solution in the future.
Of course, whether you use your brain when reading depends on whether you can use your gains in actual study and life after reading. Students who study with their brains will soon be able to turn other people's precious spiritual wealth into a part of their own knowledge and use it flexibly in practice, becoming more and more intelligent.
Mr. Lu Xun said: "If you only look at the place when you are in doubt, and you can't understand it for a long time, then jump over and move on, so that you can understand the place ahead." This method is the further development of Tao Yuanming's reading method of "not asking for a very good solution". Its advantage is that it can save time, improve reading speed and focus on the overall understanding of the original text and the most important content.
Lao She s "Impression" Method;
Lao She said, "I seem to only seek a little inspiration when reading. A good impression is a good book, so there is no time for careful analysis. Impressive' is sometimes not the whole book, but a passage that interests me the most; Because this passage made me feel good about the whole book; In fact, the beauty of this paragraph is enough to ruin all the beauty, but I don't care; There is a saying that I like for two days and am grateful. "
Hua's "thickness" method:
Hua advocates that the first step in reading is "from thin to thick" In other words, reading should be down-to-earth, and every concept and theorem should be thorough and clear. In this way, a thin book becomes "thicker" because of a lot of content, that is, after the step of "from thin to thick", there is a more important step, that is, on the basis of the first step, analyze and summarize, grasp the essence, grasp the whole, and achieve mastery. After such a careful analysis, you will feel that there are not many things to remember. This is a process of "from coarse to fine" to really improve efficiency.
Yang Zhenning s "Infiltration" Reading Method;
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge permeates and expands each other, the method of mastering knowledge should also be adapted to it. When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a subject, if we consciously extend the tentacles of wisdom to the adjacent knowledge fields, it will inevitably produce a different artistic conception. As a link in the familiar knowledge chain, unexpected new discoveries are likely to be made. For those books of related majors, if time and energy permit, you might as well read them. It doesn't matter if you don't understand them for a while. Some valuable revelations may come from semi-communication. Infiltration learning will broaden our horizons, make our thinking active and greatly improve the efficiency of learning.
Bai Shouyi s "research" method;
Bai Shouyi, a famous historian, believes that "the reading of reading should be understood as the reading of the calligrapher's stickers and paintings, not the general reading or reciting. "
Feng said: "When I read a book, whenever I see the benefits, I can't help but enter the' role' in the book. It seems that the actors who perform on the stage can't help but be influenced by the characters in the play. "
Yu s "Afraid of Friends" Reading Method;
Yu, an essayist, said: "We should pay attention to finding friends who are higher than ourselves and make reading a friendly and enterprising activity that requires a lot of brain power. Try to reduce the reading level that is basically the same as your current level, and be willing to accept the shaping of yourself by good books. There may be different grades of books on our shelves, which are suitable for intensive reading. They should not be books that we can look down and look up, but books that we need to look up. "
Celebrity reading method
Kong Qiu's Combination of Learning and Thinking: "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous."
Zi si's "five methods": "erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and loyalty."
Wang Chong's Ancient and Modern Law: "Those who know the past but don't know the present are called Lu Chen, and those who know the present are called blind."
Han Yu's method of "abstract, hook metaphysics": "The recorder must abstract, and the usurper must hook metaphysics."
Zhu's "Trinity": "You should be aware of your mouth, your eyes and your heart."
Xu Teli's Ancient and Modern Chinese and Foreign Laws: "Combine ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, and become mine."
Tao Zhu's Chew Slowly: "The kung fu of learning is the kung fu of chewing slowly."
Xie Juezai's "squeezing drill method": "There is no time, squeeze; I can't learn, drill. "
Deng Tuo's Law of Accumulation: "People who have learned and achieved in ancient and modern times always pay great attention to accumulation."
Ba Jin's "Hard Learning Law": "Hard learning can overcome everything. The temple of learning, rich and poor can enter. "
Zhao Shuli's Gold Rush Law: "Reading is like mining, and gold is mined in the sand."
Hua's "Thickness Law": "The book becomes thinner from thick, which is a sign of improving reading ability."
Bing Xin's "innovative method": "I hate reading with the ancients."
Lee Joon's "Get rich first and then dilute": "Get rich first and then dilute, and it will be more interesting."
Li Zhengdao's Miscellaneous Law: "I study physics. But I don't specialize in reading physics books, and I also like reading miscellaneous books. It is more active to read more and use more brains. "
Chen Shan's "Access Law": "Can enter and exit."
Lu Xun's reading is diffuse and open, and he is good at gathering. His appreciation of the spirit, mood and taste of Chinese and foreign classics is more important than the accumulation of information. Looking at its monuments, we can know the stagnation of mood; Looking at his diary purchase list, even professional art historians will be surprised by his careful research, in-depth exploration and wide involvement in art history. His knowledge vine framework has been widely extended, so the suspension of his thoughts is stable and heavy. It is indeed a kind of diffusion, not the grain of dulcimer, not the winding of violin, but the diffusion like accordion.
Qian Zhongshu studied, advanced and elite, extensive and profound. The quantity is like a mountain, and the mountains are high and the water is long. Its momentum is like an eagle hitting the sky, and it is unobstructed; Its comprehensiveness, such as comprehensive troops, complete arms, modern methods, thoroughness and vitality. He is a master of plastic surgery of misplaced culture and a master of criminal investigation in the history of 5,000 years of civilization. Mr. Wang is knowledgeable in old knowledge, profound in new knowledge and invincible. However, even the library of Congress has "so much money to teach and not read" (Dong), which shows the necessity and importance of reading choice.
Dong Qiao's reading method, like a well-trained ranger, is freely interspersed, capable and quick, and has repeatedly achieved unexpected results and gains. There is some reading, such as attacking the city and making a quick decision, and construction (abstract generalization) is even more than strategy. Examining his reading methods, we can see that his choices are brilliant, such as Wen Jin, which obviously pays attention to the regenerative ability of knowledge; The eyeful of green is full of the meaning that the four seasons are always open and the flowers are unbeaten. It is a kind of reading style with superiority.
Li Ao's reading posture is rarely open, like a huge park, which has knocked down the fence, absorbed the surrounding scenery and has its own center. Its absorption of knowledge, information and materials, regardless of princes and poor people, gardens and grass, amber beads and diamonds and cattle and horses, is eclectic. He writes instead of reading, reading and writing are integrated and information is piled up. However, every time his point of view is covered by redundant information, people who know it are surprised at first, and then it is inevitable that it will be boring. Although, its appetite is like the first-class figure in rabelais's Biography of the Giant, it is still unique.