The source of this poem is: Wei-Yuanming's Five Drinking Poems.
The original work is like this:?
Drinking, the fifth kind
Tao Yuanming [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
Translated into vernacular Chinese, it is like this:
Building a house in a place where people come and go will not be disturbed by secular communication.
Ask me why. As long as my mind is far away from the secular world, I will naturally feel that my place is secluded.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely, Nanshan in the distance comes into view.
In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan is very good, the fog lingers between the peaks and the birds return together.
It contains the true meaning of life. Want to distinguish clearly, but forget how to express.
Here are some important words, please explain them separately:
Building a house: Building a house means living here. Knot, build, build Lu, an ordinary house.
The human condition: the noisy world.
The noise of horses and chariots refers to the noise of secular communication.
Jun: It refers to the author himself.
He Nengner: Why? Joel: Mm-hmm.
Calm: a calm and indifferent look.
See: see (pronounced jiàn), verb.
Nanshan: Generally speaking, it refers to mountain peaks. Speaking of Lushan Mountain.
Mountain gas: the cloud gas in the mountain.
Night: Night.
Stage: intersection, companionship.
True meaning: the true meaning of life realized from nature.
Return: Return together.
What is the background of the author's writing this poem?
This poem was written in 4 17 AD, the twelfth year after the poet returned to the field, just before the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The author was filled with emotion, and wrote lofty aspirations by drowning his worries in wine.
Knowing the writing background, we can appreciate this poem better:
At the beginning of the poem "Building a house on earth, but no chariots and horses", the author says that although he lives on earth, he has no secular communication to disturb him. What worries people who have no cars or horses? Because "the heart is far away from itself", as long as the heart can get rid of the shackles of the secular, even in a noisy environment, it is like living in a secluded place. Tao Yuanming's early years were full of the ideal of making contributions, and he went to the official position several times only to realize his ambition of saving the world. But when he saw that "Zhen Feng died, it was a great prosperity", the officialdom was turbulent and sinister, secular fraud and corruption, and the whole society was corrupt and dark, he chose the road of leading an honest and clean life, living in seclusion in the countryside and devoting himself to self-financing. These four sentences, "Building a house depends on human feelings", are written about his feelings after getting rid of the interference of secular environment. The so-called "distant mind" means that the mind does not care about the field of fame and fortune, and love is not the door of the powerful, but beyond the worldly customs. Because these four sentences have profound meanings and deep feelings, the predecessors marveled at their "exquisite literary talent".
"What can I ask you? The "far heart" in the "far heart" is to stay away from the officialdom, to go further, to stay away from the secular and to be free from vulgarity. [4]? Rejecting the socially recognized value scale and exploring where the author establishes the basic point of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This kind of philosophy can be called "natural philosophy", which not only includes a self-cultivation and family-oriented lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony between human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the whole nature and universe.
If these principles are written directly, poetry will become a paper. So the author just puts philosophy in the image. The poet picked chrysanthemums at will in his own garden, and occasionally looked up to see Nanshan. According to the law of the ancients in China, "leisurely seeing Nanshan" can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "leisurely seeing Nanshan". Therefore, this kind of "leisure" belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, it seemed that there was a melody emanating from people's hearts and mountains, which had the same meaning and merged into a light music.
"Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely see Nanshan. These four sentences describe the poet's carefree expression of the spiritual world and natural scenery after his retirement. Picking chrysanthemums in Dongli, occasionally looking up and seeing Nanshan. In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan is very good, the fog lingers between the peaks and the birds return together. The poet thought of his seclusion from the beautiful scenery of Nanshan and realized the philosophy of returning to simplicity. Birds come and go in the evening, and the mountain is their home; I have been away from home many times, and finally I will return to the countryside, which is also my home. The poet once wrote in "Come home to Xi Ci": "Clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and birds know it when they are tired of flying. "He takes larks as a metaphor, and the clouds are unintentional, just as he has no intention of being an official; Birds are tired of flying, just as I hate officialdom and hide. The two sentences of "birds are in harmony" in this poem are exactly the same as the two sentences of "returning to Xi Ci".
The ancients spoke highly of the phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge". Zhang Jie said, "Under the hedge, you can see Nanshan leisurely." At present, this kind of scenery is invisible, not idle and quiet. This taste is beyond our reach. "So, what is Jason's" taste "? Why do you say "this taste is out of reach"? As we know, Tao's poems are simple and natural, so the word "plain" is often used by predecessors to summarize his poetic style. The plainness of Tao poetry comes from "group beauty", which is plain and interesting, light and tasteful. This seemingly plain but mellow feature is actually a higher artistic realm and a well-known ability. Zhang Jie's "taste" is the mellow charm of Tao poetry. There are many reasons why this charm is out of reach. Leaving aside the conditions of literary accomplishment and artistic ability, we can say that this charm can only be written by a poet like Tao Yuanming who is unwilling to follow the fashion and make waves, that is to say, only a person with a far-sighted and "carefree" mood can write it.
"That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." At the end of the poem, the poet said that he realized the interest of life from the beautiful scenery of nature and showed a pure and natural calm state of mind. "Here" in the poem can be understood as here and now (by the fence in autumn night) or as the whole country life. The so-called "forgetting words" actually means that a beautiful and leisurely pastoral life is your real life, and the joy of this life can only be understood, unspeakable and unspeakable. This fully embodies the poet's noble character of being poor, being happy and inspiring. These two sentences say that there is the true meaning of life here. I want to distinguish it, but I forget how to express it in words. Generally speaking, "forgetting words" means that you don't know what language to use to express it, but you can only understand it and can't explain it. "The most affectionate words are silent", the word "truth" is emphasized here, and it is pointed out that resigning and retiring is the true meaning of life.
This poem mainly describes the poet's carefree state of mind after leaving his official post and returning to his hometown, and reflects Tao Yuanming's life attitude and experience that he is determined to abandon the muddy secular fame and return to nature, revel in nature and even step into the realm of "getting carried away". This poem takes "far" as the program and reveals the connotation of "far" in three layers. The first four sentences are about "human condition" and the emptiness and forgetfulness that the spirit transcends the secular. Four sentences are written about the materialized selflessness of looking at the surrounding scenery and immersed in the natural charm. The last two sentences go further, writing "heart", and in the process of confusing things with me, I realized the unspeakable meaning of life. The artistic conception of this poem, from emptiness to oblivion, to materialization and forgetting words, is the most profound and full embodiment of Tao Yuanming's philosophy of natural life and poetic style of returning to nature after his retirement. Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": "Without me, we look at things by things, and we don't know what I am and what things are." This poem is the representative work of Tao Yuanming's "The Land Without Me".