As we all know, blues means blues, which means bitterness and melancholy in English. Although jazz includes black music, English songs, French dance music and so on. Blues are a major part of jazz. Blues came into being earlier than jazz, which may be a combination of field songs sung by blacks in the second half of the 9th century. Religious songs and folk songs. Bruce's music is mainly characterized by the fact that the major scale falls in the third, seventh and sometimes in the fifth tone. These flat notes are characterized by minor notes, which are often sung with a sliding sound. "Trembling" sounds sad, sad and full of emotion, so someone translated Bruce into a "song of complaint". Of course, blues songs also have some cheerful works. Bruce's speed is slow, the beat is often four or two beats, and the melody mostly contains syncopated rhythm. Bruce's singing style is very free, which is closely combined with the language and emotion in life. Falsetto, moaning, crying and muttering can all be used to render the atmosphere. Bruce, the temperament of the lower class, brought the characteristics of close connection with the life of working people and black folk music to early jazz.

tin-pot

During the period of 1976- 1977, a punk rock revolution greatly changed the music situation in Britain, which was caused by many reasons. On the one hand, iggy pop, an increasingly popular underground music singer in new york, is a performer who has a deep influence on him and provides many unique clothing styles for punk. Tear clothes, don't put them on, and add appropriate anti-traditional images. At the same time, British bars have become places where young punk rock musicians are learning nutrition. Johnny Roth, a sex pistol, frequents small concerts held in Kilburn and Road Bar. Joe strummer of "the Clash" band first learned to play the rhythm of strong rock style and the blues band "10 1 person" (10/person).

Most young people are tired of the rock bands that dominated the charts in the 1970s, so by the mid-1970s, they are increasingly hoping for a change. Although this sentiment is not clear at this time, when some major promoters, the most prominent of which is malcolm mclaren, turned the initial protest into a music revolution, this sentiment for change was quite distinct.

By the end of 1976, McClaren began to be famous for his excellent management of "sex pistols". This band is a deep-water bomb of the British punk revolution. 1976 In the first half of the year, the band Sex Pistol performed regularly in London, which began to arouse the audience's strong interest, not only because the music they played was hoarse and noisy, but also because their music was really exciting and passionate. The original fast-paced rock and roll is mixed with the roaring lyrics full of irony and protest.

The lyrics of Collision mainly show the same strong sense of humor and firm determination to expose hypocrisy. The band began to perform in London in the spring of 1976. Punk prevailed in the first half of 1976 and reached its early climax in September of the same year. A punk music festival was held at the 100 Club in Oxford Street, London, focusing on bands such as Sex Pistol and Clash.

1 976165438+1October, Collision signed a contract with CBS Records, and1the single album "Anarchy in Britain" for sex pistols at the end of October was released by EMI Records. Then record publisher Bill Granday gave a TV interview. This well-known interview ended in endless exclamations, making "Sex Pistol" the most watched band in Britain.

1977 is a watershed: overnight, new punk bands were everywhere. Many of them picked up their instruments for the first time, and within three months, their names appeared on the program of "Roxy", the main punk gathering place in London. The image of the band "The Cursed" resembled the characters in horror movies. Jam band accepted the influence of modernism with a clear conscience, while Sukesi and Siouxsie and banshees played plaintive hymns on guitars. In addition to these extremely famous bands with different names, there are countless short-lived bands. For example, the X-Ray Spex band led by the charming Stebbing made some poor works popular. The band's left-wing stance and Lora Logic's plaintive saxophone performance have created some famous punk songs for frustrated young people, such as Oh, Bound, Up Yours, Identity and Warriors are Woolworths.

Jimmy Pursey's fierce rock band Sham 69 also attracted people's attention because of its political stance, which indirectly promoted the development of petroleum music style in the 1970s. The band Generation X led by Billy Idol responded with The Who's first singles Your Generation and My Generation.

The advertiser's "miracle of a chord" is one of his popular songs. 1In August, 977, he entered the top 20 of the charts with another boring song on current affairs, "Looking through Gary Gill Mo's Eyes". Other bands performing in Roxey include Chelsea, 999, Eater (famous for its 14-year-old drummer Dee Generate), The Infiltrator, The Vibrator and Australian. , "Slaughter and Dogs", the eccentric name Ed Banger, and the band Nose Bloody, which rose in Manchester, and Infiltration, a band from Duhan County, which has an outstanding lead singer Pauline Murray.

The influence of punk phenomenon transcends London. Even though people have clearly realized that "punk" has included various developing musical styles, everyone involved in it generally "feels dismissive of any value, is ecstatic in confrontation and disorder, and cultivates low-level individualism and curious lofty beliefs in pure amateur activities". A critic of punk phenomenon said this.

The first major event of 1977 was that "Collision" specially made a tour called "White Riot" to promote the 1 album named after itself. At the same time, the bands Jam, the Slits and Subway Sect also performed. Jam left halfway to promote his first record, and the other two bands were in harmony with punk, both of which were composed of some calm beginners: Crack were all female members, they met at a concert in patty smith and decided to form a band, and lead singer Arri Up deliberately put Jubilee bloomers on her wet pants-usually a standard femininity. Metro sang some grotesque avant-garde songs about alienation, but later, due to the singer Vic Ge Daer's focus on BBC 2, the band began to play cocktail jazz, and finally the band parted ways with Goddard and formed the "Jo Boxer" band.

Competition between bands is fierce. Bands from malcolm mclaren, such as Sex Pistol and Clash, publicize their ideological principles and express deep dissatisfaction with the lack of political sensitivity of other British punk bands, especially Curse. However, when Stiff Company released the album "New Roses", Curse became the first British band to release records nationwide. So during most of the time in 1977, Curse toured around Britain with anarchist music at a rapid speed.

Although many punk bands didn't want to perform in the BBC TV program "Best Pop Songs" at first, because it was too commercial, after the records entered the list, many of them were willing to show their faces on TV, with the exception of "Collision". This program enabled punk bands to make a nationwide appearance, and to some extent, it quickly brought initial success to Advertising, Perspective and Jam.

However, in the mainstream of British society, the status of punk rock is only a hiccup after people have had enough to eat and drink. 1977 The important event in Britain was the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's accession to the throne. It was at this time that the "sex pistol" once again became the center of controversy. When the celebration was held in June, they released an irreverent single record called God Save the Queen. Virgin Records believes that the actual sales of this record exceeded the song "I don't want to talk about it" (No.1) sung by Rod Stewart, but in order not to embarrass Her Majesty, it had to be prevented from obtainingNo. 1.

Malcolm's demand that "sex pistols" should not be performed in any club made the band more paranoid, although-or because "sex pistols" caused a lot of trouble, punk made great progress. Individual bands and independent record companies began to prevail and win popularity, and many famous bands showed extraordinary strength and left a deep impression on people.

But by the end of 1978, the punk revolution had gone through its development process, and the "sex pistol" was dissolved in 1978 in June. In the following year, other established bands of punk revolution either disbanded like "sex pistols" or began to develop musical styles beyond the narrow boundaries of real punk. Some stubborn bands are still stubborn. But because they no longer belong to the mainstream of music, they are pushed to the edge with some diehard fans who support them. Of course, punk is not willing to give in easily and is still struggling, but there is nothing he can do. By the mid-1980s, it was just a strange form of music.

Although for a long time, punk was difficult to influence the record industry that succumbed to business rather than creativity in essence, it injected much-needed stimulants into the industry in time. Many bands at that time, strictly speaking, benefited a lot from the enthusiasm aroused at the peak of punk, even if it was not direct punk.

If punk is unforgettable, it must mean that it shattered the status of the famous rock musicians of that era and showed young people that everyone can pick up musical instruments, go on stage and make valuable sounds.

This factor alone broke many musical obstacles, paved the way for the rise of experimentalism and eclecticism, and made it an important feature of the music landscape in the 1980 s.

Progressive rock

Progressive rock-progressive rock can be called "music ahead of the times". Progressive rock, as its name implies, represents avant-garde innovation. Its purpose is to open up a new road for popular music at that time and make it more serious and literary. According to the definition of American pop rock dictionary, "any rock paradise that uses various musical instruments, mainly electronic synthetic instruments, to create a large number of timbres to gain new sounds and feelings can be called progressive rock". Basically, emphasizing the use of various electronic musical instruments and equipment is the spirit of progressive rock. Progressive rock water only tends to literature and art on the level of lyrics and thoughts, and his major has a complete essentials.

Heavy metal rock

Heavy metal rock and hard rock are quite similar, and the boundary between them is very fine, and both of them are famous for their huge volume, shocking rhythm and striking sense of sound. The quantity, attack rhythm and strong sense of sound are all good. Hard rock has a longer history and comes directly from "Rhythm and Blues". It often sings fast-paced melodies with harsh voices. For early hard rock fans, the addition of electronic instruments in the late 1960s extended it to heavy metal rock. The texture structure of heavy metal rock songs is not bound by any rules. In order to pursue a strong stimulating effect, an electronic synthesizer is used, and the sound is strong and hot, especially the timbre of keyboard instruments, female voices and string groups. Players do not use pure and bright sound quality, but are keen on pursuing extremely exciting effects. There is a high demand for acting skills, especially for musicians who solo cadenza. These break or weaken the artistic taste of hard rock, and dilute the meaning of lyrics and rhythm.

Hard rock; ragstone

Hard rock-the boundary between hard rock and heavy metal rock is very small, and each other is dominated by huge volume, striking rhythm and striking sense of sound. But from the chronological point of view, hard rock appeared earlier than metal, which directly came from blues and rhythm. Sing a fast-paced song in a harsh voice. This kind of rock music is hard rock. For early hard rock fans, the addition of electronic instruments in the late 1960s turned hard rock into heavy metal, which not only destroyed or weakened the artistry of this kind of music, but also diluted the meaning and rhythm of lyrics.

Folk songs and rock music

Folk Rock)-The biggest difference between folk rock and other types of rock music is that folk rock has a birthday anniversary, that is, in the summer of 1965, Bob gave up the hollow guitar for the first time in the performance of Newport Folk Festival and replaced the accompaniment with an electric guitar. He was forced to step down by the audience because the electric guitar was too rebellious for the audience who only enjoyed pure folk songs. It is difficult to explain folk rock by definition, because it has no fixed beat or form. Most of them use their songs as tools to test their lives. In songs, they tell their experiences, express their feelings and describe their feelings. The content in the lyrics is changeable, and most of the songs are soft.

What is R & ampb?

The full name of R & ampb is rhythm &；; Blues, generally translated as "rhythm complaining songs". R &； in a broad sense; B can be regarded as "black pop music", which originated from black blues music and is the basis of western pop and rock. Billboard magazine once defined R& B as all black music, except jazz and blues, which can be classified as R&; B, visible R &；; How wide is the scope of B. Hip Hop and Rap, which are very popular in black music circles in recent years, both originated from R&; Save a lot of research and development expenses during research and development. Component B.

What is a house?

House is a dance music developed from disco in 1980s. This is music played by DJ in Chicago. They mixed a record of German electronic band Power Plant Orchestra with the regular rhythm of drum machine and black blues songs, and House came into being ~ generally translated as "Shi Hao" dance music, which is the most basic form of electronic dance music, with a rhythm of 4/4 beat, drums and simple melody. There are often high-pitched female voices singing. After disco became popular, some DJs changed it and deliberately made disco less commercial. Bass and drums are getting deeper and deeper, and many times they become pure music works. Even if there are singing parts, most of them are short sentences sung by female dancers, and there are often no clear lyrics. Gradually, some people added Latin (Latin), reggae (reggae originated in the West Indies), RAP or JAZZ. By the end of 1980s, House had rushed out of the underground world and became the darling of the pop charts in Chicago, new york and London.

Why is it called "house"? In other words, as long as you have simple recording equipment, you can make this kind of music at home ~House is also the most acceptable electronic music. I believe that Cher's singing is a good example. M- people can be said to be representative groups of houses. House dance music has replaced disco music since 1 * * became popular.

Houses can be divided into:

Sour house

That is, TB-303' s sour house music.

Deep house style

With a strong soul singing voice, also known as the garage, it is quite popular. Real Mecoy, M-people and Labouche are all garage combinations.

Hard house

Simply put, it is a house with a heavy and fierce rhythm.

Progressive home

This house has no soul singing, and pays more attention to melody and music arrangement. It's a bit like "playing" chamber music, just like SASH! This is my life album, and it's a good progress house album.

Epic house

It's an epic house. Epic House has a beautiful and smooth melody and is magnificent, and there are few voices in it (almost none! ). BT's music is a great epic otaku, and he is also called "epic otaku". In fact, even rock has "epic rock".

triple room

Imagine: what is a house with African primitive characteristics or Indian drums? This is Tribble House ~ This kind of house not only has the stable rhythm of ordinary houses, but also adds some original fragmentary drums between beats. It's quite interesting ~

However, the scope of House is too wide, and a song does not need to be classified. These just tell you that there are many kinds of houses.

By the 1990s, House had reduced avant-garde and trendy colors, but it was still very popular music.

What is Britpop?

Although BritPop has the word "Pop", it is actually a kind of rock, which originated in Britain in the 1990s. Chinese can be translated as "British Rock", which is a response of the British music industry to the American junk rock tide, mainly in the form of bands. However, the styles of BritPop are actually very extensive. For example, Oasis is a guitar rock band, Blur has many POPs, and Pulp is close to Glam Rook and dance style, but they all belong to Britpop.

British Britpop representative:

oasis

blur

kidskin

pulp

Radio commander

What is jumping?

Trip-Hop is an English/European dance music. Its name comes from "trip+hip hop" = trip-hop-hop. Because it originated in Bristol, England, it was originally called "Bristol Hip-hop". Because hip-hop (in fact, a lot of music is based on hip-hop ... I don't know what hip-hop is, but most of them dance to hip-hop music), the rhythm is slowed down (sometimes very slow), and some psychedelic flavors are added, such as gloomy and full bass, slight but psychedelic synthetic sound effects, or some record samples. Sometimes even the noise of a record may be "intentionally" sampled. The so-called "Trip" refers to the psychedelic and heavy drug "journey", so Trip-Hop is a kind of slow, psychedelic, jazz-like, hip-hop rhythm and chaotic broken beat music. Although it belongs to the category of dance music, its psychedelic and chaotic characteristics have made it far away from all the clear beat characteristics of general dance music.

Representative figures of Trip-Hop abroad:

The recognized iron triangle in Trip-Hop is Portihead, Tricky and Massive Attack.

Mandalay Moloko

Cold cutting

What is gangster rap?

Gangsta Rap is a kind of rap, which is mostly related to urban crime, full of violence and lust, and it is a music direction that reflects reality. Gangsta Rap rose in the United States in the late 1980s. The strong and sharp genre of music rap is very popular in the United States, and the record sales are very good. Many gang rap musicians themselves really "participated" in various crimes in reality, and some even went to jail or even were killed, which can be said to be a truly realistic and shocking music.

Gangster rap group: Tracy Marlowe, ice cube, Dr. Derry, Snoopy Dog, 2 Pac, Geto Boy.

What is Synth Pop?

Synth Pop's "Synth", that is, synthesizer, is "popular music concocted by synthesizers" as its name implies. Of course, computers, drums and other electronic musical instruments will be used in addition to synthesizers. Synth Pop became popular in the early 1980s, but it became silent in the mid-1980s, when there was a boom in Hong Kong. Synth Pop is characterized by a strong sense of science and technology, and sometimes it is quite cold. Most songs are "three-minute pop", and many times Synth pop musicians will dress up in fashion.

Synth Pop stands for combination: Depesh model, human alliance, Duran Duran, OMD, Gary Numan.

What is an orchestra?

The orchestra is an orchestra, divided into four groups: 1 string, including violin and cello, 2 brass, 3 woodwind and 4 percussion. Each instrument in the string group is played by many people (except the harp), and the four groups of players are coordinated and conducted by one person, who is the conductor of the orchestra. /kloc-orchestras appeared in the 0/7th century, and18th century clearly established the mode because of the works of Haydn and Mozart. /kloc-Some new musical instruments were added in the 0/9th century, and the number of orchestras also increased. Orchestral music is authentic western classical/orthodox music. Western pop/rock music often uses some or all members of the orchestra to assist in the performance.

What is chamber music?

Chamber music refers to an elegant, noble and exquisite pop music with a certain sense of classical music. The word "chamber music" comes from classical music, which is called "chamber music" in Chinese. It is an elegant and atmospheric ensemble playing style. The rise of chamber music in the 1990s was a response to LO-FI and GRUNGE at that time, emphasizing beautiful melody, exquisite soundtrack and clean recording. Strings and wind music are often used to create the musical feeling of the Baroque era. Foreign representative bands include Divine Comedy, Rialto, Eric Matthews and Bale &; Sebastian and so on. Some are from Huang Yaoming, some are from Peng Ling, some are diversified, and so on.

What is a folk song?

Folk songs (folk songs) originally refer to the traditional songs of each nation. The ancestors of each nation have their own songs from primitive/ancient times. Most of these songs don't know who the author is, but they are passed down from generation to generation. The folk songs we are talking about today mostly refer to the folk songs in the pop music era, which are accompanied by acoustic guitars and sung in a natural and frank way, singing the simple life feelings of everyone. WOODY GUTHRIE, an American folk singer, recorded the earliest folk songs in 1950s, so she is recognized as the founder of modern folk songs. Later, pete seeger and The Weaver continued to promote this kind of music. In the Vietnam War in 1960s, anti-war folk singers such as Bob Dylan, joan baez, Peter, Paul and Mary became the voices of the times. After the development of folk songs to pop, rock and urbanization, Bob Dylan invented folk rock, Simon &; Garfinkel has developed a middle-class urban folk pop music, which has been popular for some time. In 1980s, Susanna Vega, tracy chapman, etc. +Out of a more modern urban/contemporary folk song route. Folk songs (folk songs) have also developed different faces in music circles such as Britain and Hong Kong. The recent development of folk songs is the combination with the new era (such as ENYA) and TRIP HOP (such as BETH ORTON).

What is Posanova?

Bosanova is a kind of Brazilian music with jazz flavor. /kloc-ANTONIO CARLOS JOBIM, a composer in the 1950s, combined the rhythm of Brazilian music with cool jazz on the west coast of the United States, featuring softness, comfort, relaxation, laziness and romance. 1, 4, 7, 1 1, 14 beats in every two bars are all remakes. The singer JOAO GILBERTO's pure and rich voice is an excellent partner of JOBIM music, which became very popular after being introduced to the United States in the mid-1950s. Other famous Bosanova musicians include Charlie Bird, Stan Gates and Astrud Gilberto. The most famous song is The Girl from Ipanema. Osanova was the most popular in the 1960 s, and fans continued in other years.

What is classical pop music?

Classical pop refers to pop music with the flavor of classical music, and songs accompanied by strings can be classified into this category, such as ELEANORRIGBY by by the Beatles. Some works by the Australian band Crowded House can also be classified into this category. If we say classic pop, we mean classic pop music.

What is cappella?

Cappella refers to the songs without instrumental accompaniment, but all the songs sung by pure vocals are cappella. But today, cappella usually refers to the kind of multi-voice singing, and even the instrumental accompaniment is also sung by vocals. The antithesis of cappella is instrumental music, that is, pure music. Any kind of songs can be sung in the form of cappella. What Hong Kong people are most familiar with is cappella's song "So Love", and Hong Kong cappella band has Jisheng Yashi and so on.

What is world music?

World music is a vocabulary from a western perspective, which refers to non-English, American and western folk/pop music. Usually refers to the traditional music in developing or backward areas, such as Africa and South Asia. Music in some areas, such as Latin America, can be popularized into its own type. Today's world music usually refers to the mixture of improved traditional regional music and western music. King Sunnyad of Africa, Don Byron of Eastern Europe, Zhu Zheqin of China, nusrat Fathari Kahn of Pakistan, etc. Are western music fans familiar with world music musicians?

What is dream pop Music?

DREAM-POP is a kind of "dreamy" pop music with a blurred atmosphere, which is mostly caused by synthesizers (electronic synthesizers), and the electric junction with echo effect is also an important part. The singing part is often very' breath', that is, the lyrics are often poetic and dreamy. The representative bands are COCTEAU WINS, LISA GERMANO, ST.ETIENNE, THIS mortal coil, MY BLOODY VALENTINE, MAZZY STAR and DEAD CAN DANCE. Chinese singers are headed by Faye Wong, whose masterpieces include Lost and Tick-tock.

What is the new era?

The new era is a kind of quiet, comfortable and leisurely music. Pure music works account for a large proportion, while singing accounts for less. The new era can be purely acoustic (that is, played with traditional spontaneous acoustic instruments) or very electronic. The key point is to create a calm atmosphere of nature or a feeling of the vastness of the universe, to wash the listener's mind and make people calm. The new era is often related to music therapy. A lot of new age music says that it can cure diseases, and many of them are related to meditation, which has a lot to do with new age philosophy. New age music is usually regarded as middle class music. Windham Hill is the most representative new era record company. The musicians represented in the new era are ENYA, george winston, wilhelm ackermann, Yani and Chittaro.

What is electronic music?

What is electronic music? With the evolution of the times, musicians have more ways to create music. The so-called electronic music is to make music with electronic sounds generated by electronic synthesizers, music software and computers. Electronic music has a wide range and can often be heard around life. It is used in movie soundtrack, advertising soundtrack and even some popular songs in Mandarin, but electronic dance music is the most important. Many people think that electronic music is a kind of heartless music. In fact, electronic music can also be integrated into rock.

There are various types of electronic music, including house, electronics, environment, trance, mental trance, Breakbeat, Brit-Hop, Big-Beat, Trip-Hop, Drum' n' Bass, Jungle, electro, Dub, Chill Out and minimalism.

What is Techno?

Technology is "high-tech dance music"! Using computers and synthesizers to make some special sound effects, this kind of music is often composed of many sound effects. Techno's beat is also 4/4 beat, but it is faster than House's, and it sounds repetitive, tough and mechanized, so some people call Techno "industrial noise", but others still pay attention to melody. Techno originated in Detroit, USA, and there are three DJs: Derek May. Kevin Sanders Juan Atkins tried to combine electronic music with black music to create Detroit electronic music. Detroit Techno is usually mild, not as strong as ordinary Techno, which can be said to be the origin of modern Techno.

What is the environment?

It doesn't sound like much ups and downs, but it keeps changing. For example, long-term sound effects or gradual music arrangement often create a layered sense of space, so it is called "situational music", which often samples the sounds around life, such as human voices, car sounds, and even the melodies of other music ... and so on. This is a kind of "profound" electronic music created by Brian Eno in 1970s. Later, Ambient also had branches, such as Ambient House, Ambient Techno ... and so on. I believe everyone can understand it literally. In fact, there will be the shadow of Ambient in many kinds of music, and even some classical music has the taste of Ambient.

What is trance?

The psychedelic dance music evolved from Techno will make you feel "lost in thought" after listening to it, but it still maintains the rhythm of the dance music, attaches great importance to the performance of bass, and some of them will have the effect of "hypnosis" after listening. The beat is mainly in 4/4 beat. But I've also heard of breaking beat, such as Sven Vath's album Fusion.

What is a psychological trance?

Also known as Goa trance, it originated from an island in India. Goa is the name of this island. Melody often has Indian flavor. This trance state is characterized by attaching great importance to melody, subtle changes between notes, and often overlapping melody and high-pitched TB-303 sound. It has a little surroundings.

What is a Break beat?

Unlike House's boom-boom-boom, it is presented in a broken beat, just like the syncopated beat. For example, two beats plus a small broken drum and so on. Breakbeat is just a general term. There are many kinds of music belonging to Breakbeat, such as Brit-Hop, Big-Beat and black Hip-