The Zhou Dynasty was a period when China's crown service system was gradually improved. With the emergence of hierarchy, the distinction between honor and inferiority, all kinds of etiquette also came into being. Reflected in clothing, there are sacrificial dresses, ceremonial dresses, military uniforms, mourning clothes and wedding dresses. These clothes adapted to the emperor and ordinary people, even used in the feudal society of 2000 years since Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries did not fully abide by the weekly system. Seven countries rise and become independent. Among them, except for Qin, which was different from the other six countries because of its location in the west, the other six countries also had different costumes because of the extravagant hobbies of governors and the trend of a hundred schools of thought contending at that time. Among the 3,000 diners in Shen Jun in the spring, all the guests are wearing beads; There are hundreds of harems in Ping Yuanjun. The guards guarding the palace wear black uniforms; Confucian dresses, long skirts, sleeves, square shoes and so on. The costumes in the early Han Dynasty were not prohibited by the people. Although there was a dress system of Emperor Tiandi serving eight imperial edicts in the Western Han Dynasty, it was not very clear. Generally speaking, four seasons are used to distinguish clothing, such as green in spring, red in summer, yellow in autumn and soap in winter. Women's daily clothes in Han Dynasty were tops and skirts.
Since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the northern nationalities occupied the Central Plains, and their costumes were brought to this area. At the same time, a large number of national costume cultures have also influenced and assimilated the costumes of the northern nationalities. Women's daily wear is still tops, shirts and skirts. Skirts and skirts can also be used as shirts in dresses.
Sui and Tang dynasties unified the whole country and redefined the clothing system of the Han nationality, but it was also difficult to get rid of the influence of the northern national clothing shape brought about by the reunification of North and South. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, women's daily clothes were shirts, tops and skirts, and it was common to wear them on the top and skirts on the bottom. Red is the most popular skirt, followed by purple, yellow and green. Women's shoes in the Tang Dynasty were mostly in the shape of phoenix, similar in size to men's. The court attendants all wear red cotton boots, and singers and dancers also wear boots. Women's daily clothes are varied, including coats, shirts, gowns, waist towels, tube tops, skirts, trousers, over-the-knee pants, socks, shoes and boots.
In the Song Dynasty, a large area of land in the north was ruled by Jurchen nobles, and costume culture also influenced each other because of its political and economic factors. In Song Dynasty, women's daily clothes were mostly coats, fur coats, shirts, backpacks and half-arms, and skirts and trousers were tied at the lower body. Its fabrics are silk, yarn, brocade, twill and silk. In particular, skirts are very stylish, and the texture is more common in Luo Sha, and the red color of pomegranate flowers is the most eye-catching. Pleated skirts were also a distinctive kind of skirts at that time, including six, eight and twelve, and the skirts worn by aristocratic women were pleated.
The Yuan Dynasty was the era when Mongols entered the customs to rule the Central Plains. Its clothing not only attacked the Han system, but also carried out its own system. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, scholars in Beijing were asked to shave their hair for Mongolian costumes. Mongolians wear hats, and men wear earrings. However, after Yuan Dade's reign. The clothing of scholars between Mongolian and Chinese is also suitable for each other. Women's wear, rich people wear mink and fur hats. Generally, sheepskin and felt are used as clothing materials. At that time, robes were wide and long, and they were often used as dresses. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, clothes, boots and hats imitating Korean style became popular because aristocratic families thought Korean men and women's clothes were beautiful.
After Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Empire, he first banned Hu Yu and Hu's family, and then issued a decree in the name of "Dress like Tang". The crown of the Ming emperor, the costumes of officials and officials, the styles, grades and dress manners are really complicated. Even the daily clothes are clearly defined. For example, during the Chongzhen period, the emperor ordered his princes and princes to change their clothes into blue cotton-padded jackets, purple cloth, white trousers, blue cloth skirts, white socks, blue cloth shoes and soap towels to dress up as ordinary people, but this also confirmed the clothes of ordinary people at that time. In the Ming dynasty, women's dresses stipulated that folk women could only use purple, not gold embroidery. Robes can only be purple, pink and light, not red, crow green and yellow. This belt is made of blue silk. In the Ming Dynasty, buttons appeared on clothes. Women's shoes in the Ming Dynasty are also embroidered with hat badges or beads. Imperial secretary wears cloud shoes with small golden flowers.
In the Qing Dynasty, he was forced to shave his hair and change clothes, and changed clothes according to the Manchu custom system. The clothing system adhered to the old system, especially in men's wear, and maintained the Manchu characteristics for a long time. Although the Ming Dynasty costumes were abolished in the Qing Dynasty, the sample clothing system of the Ming Dynasty was still adopted as the supplement to its official clothes. Jinfeng and Jinzhai, worn on the crown of life woman, still continue the previous system. The grade difference of official clothes in Qing Dynasty is mainly reflected in the crown and Henaan of official clothes and the birds and animals embroidered on auxiliary clothes. If the ranking can start from the Emperor, from top to bottom, there are royal families such as Crown Prince, Prince, General Feng, Princess and Ma Xu. There are officials with different surnames who have been knighted, including public officials, Hou officials, Bo officials, Zi officials, public officials, first-class to ninth-class civil and military officials, officials who are not in the inflow, and officials who are scholars, sons, foreigners and farmers. In addition, there are first-class, second-class and third-class blue-collar guards and courtiers, whose official uniforms are strictly distinguished.
Men's clothing in the Qing Dynasty was dominated by robes and mandarin jackets, which were the most popular in the late Kangxi period and Yongzheng period. Women's clothing in the Qing Dynasty can be described as the coexistence of Manchu and Han costumes. Manchu women mainly wear robes, while Han women still wear clothes and skirts as the fashion. From the middle of Qing Dynasty, Manchu and Han imitated each other. In the later period, Manchu imitated the Han nationality, and there was even a record in the history books that "the banners changed more into Hanfu, and the palace robes were cut short". At this time, Han people imitated Manchu costumes and became popular among dignitaries and ladies. There are more and more styles and varieties of women's dresses in Qing Dynasty, such as vests, wraps, skirts, coats, epaulettes, scarves, hand cages, tube tops, belts and glasses.
1840 in modern times, western culture infiltrated China's local culture, and many coastal cities, especially Shanghai, began to undergo potential changes in their costumes because of the coexistence of Chinese and foreign cultures. Early clothing styles have not changed much, and the people still use robes and jackets as men's clothes; The women put on their coats and skirts. After that, commerce and trade became more and more prosperous, foreign goods poured in in large quantities, and feather yarn, woolen cloth, foreign silk and printed cloth flooded the market, which changed the traditional clothing. Foreign fabrics are becoming more and more popular because of their low prices, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming. Traditional handicrafts such as rolling, inlaying, inlaying and embroidery with exquisite craftsmanship gradually declined, and western sewing methods became popular. Especially women's clothing, because of its exquisite sewing and fashionable style, has a great influence. Cheongsam, popular in the 1920s, was born out of Manchu women's clothing in the Qing Dynasty, and was shaped on the basis of Han women's absorption of western clothing styles and continuous improvement. At that time, there was no professional clothing research center, and the changes of clothing styles were constantly changing under the influence of the times and fashion. From the 1920s to the late 1940s, China cheongsam was popular for more than 20 years. After several changes in the height of the collar, the length of the sleeves and the height of the split, its style completely got rid of the old style, changed the old appearance of women in China for a long time, fully showed the beauty of women's posture and curves, just suited the fashion at that time, and made great contributions to women's liberation. At that time, Qing Bu Qipao was the most popular among female students. For a time, it spread like wildfire and the whole country was imitating it. It almost became the typical dress of new women in China in the late 1920s.