The Soviet Union developed three aircraft carriers: Moscow, Kiev and Kuznetsov. Moscow-class aircraft carrier is the first generation aircraft carrier of the former Soviet Union, which is mainly used to deal with the American Polaris ballistic missile nuclear submarine. The mixed ship type pioneered by France and Italy was adopted. The first half of the ship is a typical cruiser, and the second half is a spacious helicopter flight deck. The former Soviet Union called itself an anti-submarine cruiser. The first ship was started on 1962, launched on 1964, put into service on 1976 and retired on 1995. This class of ships has two ships, Moscow and Leningrad, which are deployed in the Black Sea Fleet. At present, this class of aircraft carriers have all retired from active service. The rear section of the Moscow-class ship is a wide flight deck. Two elevators can enter the hangar under the deck. There is also a small hangar at the bottom of the chimney mast, which can accommodate 14 Ka -25 Helmont helicopters. Although the Yak-38 blacksmith V/STOL aircraft was tested on board, it was never used for official missions. Under special circumstances, Moscow class can also be equipped with Mi- 14 Mist B(Haze-B) mine-sweeping helicopter of Mil Design Bureau, but it is too big to enter the hangar through the elevator and can only be installed on the deck. The front deck of Moscow class is covered with various weapon systems, most of which are anti-submarine weapons. There are two RBU6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers at the bow, followed by a SUW-N- 1 anti-submarine missile launcher, followed by two SA-N-3 anti-aircraft missile launchers, and two 57mm dual-purpose guns on both sides of the bridge. Main dimensions: captain189m (full length),182m (waterline), ship width 34. 1 m, draught 7.6m, flight deck length: 8 1m, flight deck width: 34m, displacement:1466. 9000 ~ 100000 18 crew: 850 weapons and equipment: 14 Ka-25 anti-submarine helicopter, two dual-arm SA-N-3 anti-aircraft missile launchers, 1 double SUM-N- 1 anti-submarine missile launchers, and In the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union had a Kiev-class "tactical air cruiser" using vertical take-off and landing aircraft, which was the first step on the right road to developing aircraft carriers. ★ Four Kiev-class * * * ships were built, namely: 1 Kiev ship,143 class, 1970, 2 1 July, 1972. ● The second "Minsk", 1 143.2 class, 1972 1978, started construction at Minsk Shipyard on February 29th, and was launched on September 30th. 1975 entered service on September 28th. ● The third "Novorossiysk", 1 143.3 class, 1978+02 started construction at Nikolai Shipyard on September 30th, and 1982 was launched on February 24th. Retired from active service in June1993; ● The 4th "gorshkov", formerly known as "Baku", 1 143.4 class,/kloc-0 started construction at Nikolayev Shipyard in February/978, and/kloc-0 was launched in April/982, with 65438+.