According to international practice, Greece is the first to play and the host is the last to play.

the athletes march in

According to the regulations, all national Olympic committees recognized by the International Olympic Committee can send sports teams to participate in the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games is the largest and most influential comprehensive sports meeting in the world. Usually, the president of the International Olympic Committee and the capital of the host country attend the opening and closing ceremonies of the conference and make speeches at the conference. The head of the host country opened the meeting. Countries (or regions) that participated in the Olympic Games in the past were invited by the host country, which was decided at the Seoul meeting of the IOC Executive Committee in September 1986, and was later invited by the IOC.

According to the constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the Olympic Games belong to the patent of the International Olympic Committee. According to the organizational capacity and financial resources of the city applying for hosting the next Olympic Games, all members of the IOC vote to decide the host city of the next Olympic Games, and the IOC signs the necessary contracts with the city that has won the right to host the next Olympic Games. The host city must abide by the constitution and instructions of the International Olympic Committee, and generally build stadiums that meet the standards and provide special accommodation for athletes, which is usually called the Olympic Village.

opening ceremony

1, approach

The president of the Olympic Organizing Committee announced the opening ceremony. The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Olympic Organizing Committee greet the heads of state of the host country at the entrance of the stadium and guide them to the special seats. Delegations lined up in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except Greece and the host country, where the Greek delegation entered first and the host country entered last.

2. Raise the flag by speaking

The president of the Olympic Organizing Committee spoke, the president of the International Olympic Committee spoke, and the head of state of the host country announced the opening of the Olympic Games. Playing "Ode to the Olympics", at the same time, the Olympic flag enters the stadium in the form of horizontal expansion and rises from the flagpole of the stadium.

Step 3 light the torch

The Olympic torch relay ran into the stadium. The last relay runner circled the track, lit the Olympic flame, and then released the dove of peace.

4. Athletes take the oath

The flags of the delegations formed a semicircle around the podium, and an athlete from the host country boarded the podium. Holding a corner of the Olympic flag in his left hand, he raised his right hand and read the following oath: "In the name of all athletes, for the honor of sports and the honor of our sports team, I promise to participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."

5. The referee swore an oath

Then, a referee of the host country boarded the podium and read the following oath in the same way: "I promise to perform my duties completely and openly in this Olympic Games in the name of all referees and officials, and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition."

6. Play music and quit

Play or sing the national anthem of the host country, and the delegations will leave in turn.

7. Cultural performances

After these ceremonies, there will be group gymnastics or other cultural performances. This is the biggest workload, the longest preparation time and the most expensive project in the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games. The host country often starts to prepare one or two years in advance and tries its best to attract guests with great momentum and unique national spirit. The success or failure of the opening ceremony depends largely on the effect and performance of group gymnastics.

8. Athletes enter the stadium

closing ceremony

At the closing ceremony, the flag-bearers of delegations first entered the stadium in the order of the opening ceremony, followed by athletes from all over the world, and the flag-bearers formed a semicircle behind the podium.

The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Organizing Committee of this Olympic Games boarded the podium. The Greek flag rises from the right flagpole of the central flagpole where the champion flag is raised, the flag of the host country rises from the central flagpole, and the flag of the host country of the next Olympic Games rises from the left flagpole. The mayor of the host city boarded the podium and handed the flag to the president of the International Olympic Committee, who then handed it to the mayor of the host city of the next Olympic Games.

The President of the Olympic Organizing Committee delivered a speech, and the President of the International Olympic Committee delivered a closing speech. Then, the Olympic flame was extinguished with the sound of the trumpet. While playing the Olympic national anthem, the Olympic flag was slowly lowered and sent out of the stadium in the form of horizontal expansion, followed by the flag bearer. Meanwhile, play farewell music. The delegations withdrew.

Finally, give a wonderful performance. The host country will hand over the Olympic flag to the representatives of the next host country. Put out the flame slowly.

award ceremony

During the Olympic Games, medals shall be awarded by the president of the International Olympic Committee (or a member selected by him) accompanied by the president of the relevant international individual sports federations (or their representatives). Usually, after each competition, prizes are awarded in the following ways at the venue: the athletes who won the top three are dressed in formal clothes or sportswear and boarded the podium, facing the official seats. The champions stand higher and announce their names. The flag of the champion delegation should be raised from the central flagpole, and the flags of the second and third delegations should be raised from the flagpoles near the left and right sides of the central flagpole respectively. When playing the national anthem of the champion delegation, medal winners should face the national flag.

Competition project

According to the regulations of the International Olympic Committee, any national Olympic Committee recognized by the International Olympic Committee can send sports teams to participate in the competition. There are many events in the Olympic Games, so the qualification of each event to participate in the Olympic Games is limited.

hypothesis

If an event is designated as an official Olympic event, it must meet the following basic conditions:

Only men's sports/sub-sports from more than 75 countries on at least four continents and women's sports/sub-sports from more than 40 countries on at least three continents can be listed as summer Olympic events.

Only sports events in more than 25 countries on at least three continents can be listed as Winter Olympics.

Sports in the Olympic Games are competitions between sports or disciplines, which need to be ranked in the Olympic Games and awarded medals and certificates as rewards. Before sports events are listed as official Olympic events, the first and most important requirement is that there are enough people and regions in the world to carry out this event and have hosted at least two intercontinental championships. Events, disciplines and events that rely mainly on mechanical power cannot be classified as Olympic events.

In addition to official events, the IOC also authorized the host country to list 1-3 non-Olympic official events popular in its own country as exhibition events of this Olympic Games, and other countries can also send teams to participate. As an informal competition, the winner will not be awarded a medal.

Summer Olympic Games events

The events of every Olympic Games have changed. The following are the events of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

Track and field, basketball, football, wrestling, judo, weightlifting, shooting, archery, fencing, rowing, equestrian, boxing, handball, tennis, baseball, softball, taekwondo, badminton, kayaking, table tennis, hockey, cycling, sailing, gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, volleyball, beach volleyball, swimming, diving, water polo.

Winter Olympic Games events

Speed skating, short track speed skating, alpine skiing, freestyle skiing, cross-country skiing, nordic combined, platform skiing, modern biathlon, sledding, snowmobile, figure skating, curling, ice hockey and skateboarding.

Game result

The Olympic spirit focuses on participation, only emphasizes the competition between athletes and sports teams, and does not think that this is a contest of sports strength between countries. Therefore, the International Olympic Committee only announces the results of the competition, and does not count national awards. However, the host country, news media and national Olympic committees all make statistics in this respect and make comprehensive rankings according to medals or scores.

The International Olympic Committee believes that spiritual reward is one of the important factors of the Olympic spirit. Therefore, in terms of rewards, we also pay attention to spirit and reputation. The top three athletes in the Olympic Games will only be awarded gold, silver and bronze medals, and no material rewards will be given. However, the country will give generous material rewards to the top three athletes, and the business community will also give generous sponsorship. Many previously unknown athletes became household names overnight.

milestone

The first modern Olympic Games

Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator who is revered as the "father of modern Olympics", publicly proposed to restore the Olympic Games for the first time in the auditorium of Sorbonne University in 1892, and expanded its scope to the whole world. From 65438 to 0894, Coubertin wrote letters to sports organizations in various countries, inviting them to attend the international sports conference held in Paris. On June 6th, the same year, representatives of 12 countries held a conference to restore the Olympic Movement in Paris. The meeting decided to hold the global Olympic Games every four years. On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established, with Kailas VI as the president and Coubertin as the secretary-general, and personally designed the Olympic emblem and flag. The meeting also adopted the Olympic Charter. From 65438 to 0896, the first modern Olympic Games was finally held in Athens, Greece. And decided to hold it once every four years, with a duration of no more than 16 days. At this Olympic Games, the principle that Olympic Committee members hold the Olympic Games in turn was also determined.

Female athletes take part in the competition

1900 female athletes participated in the Olympic Games for the first time, which is also the beginning of women's participation in sports. Since this session, the attitude of the IOC towards women's participation has changed from default to public support. After several arguments, the International Olympic Committee finally passed the resolution to allow women to participate in the Olympic Games at the 22nd meeting of 1924. Since then, women's events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games, and more and more female athletes have participated in it.

The first winter Olympics

65438-0924 The 8th Olympic Sports Week Winter Sports Competition held in Chamonix, France, was confirmed as the first Winter Olympic Games. In the future, the host country of the Summer Olympic Games can give priority to hosting the Winter Olympic Games in the same year every four years. Starting from 1948, in order to reduce the burden of the host country, the Winter Olympic Games and the Summer Olympic Games in the same year were held in different countries. 1994, the IOC decided that the Winter Olympic Games and the Summer Olympic Games would be held in different years. The number of sessions is different from that of the Summer Olympics, and it is calculated according to the actual number of sessions.

The landmark Antwerp Olympic Games

1920 The Antwerp Olympic Games lit the torch at the opening ceremony to commemorate the people who lost their lives in the First World War. This form was also inherited by the later Olympic Games. This Olympic Games also adopted the Olympic five-ring flag, the flag of the International Olympic Committee, for the first time. In addition, the swearing-in ceremony of the athletes at the opening ceremony and the handover ceremony of the Olympic flag at the closing ceremony also started from this session. 1936 The Olympic Games started the torch relay and lit the torch at the opening ceremony. 1968 Olympic Games added the oath of referee.

Commercial operation of the Olympic Games

1964 Since the Olympic Games, the cost has been increasing day by day, making many countries afraid to apply. The 1984 Olympic Games held in the United States boldly innovated and introduced the business model, and finally made a profit of 225 million US dollars, which was the first profit of the Olympic Games.

China officially participated in the Olympic Games for the first time.

1984 The Los Angeles Olympic Games was the first time that New China officially participated in the Olympic Games after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and achieved good results, winning 15 gold medals, 8 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. On the first day after the opening of the Los Angeles Olympic Games, the China sports delegation returning to the Olympic Games showed its elegance as a new world sports power. Xu Haifeng's gold medal in the men's pistol slow-fire competition is not only the first gold medal decided in this Olympic Games, but also a "zero breakthrough" for China people in gold medals and medals at the Olympic Games, and it is also a shame for the "sick man of East Asia" for more than a hundred years.

1932 Liu Changchun, a native of Dalian, went to Los Angeles on behalf of the most populous country in the world. Although he was eliminated in the 100 meter and 200 meter preliminaries, he powerfully explained the spirit of participation in the Olympic Games.

American Hall of Fame

"Father of the Olympics" Coubertin

Coubertin, a famous French educator, is the founder of the modern Olympic Movement. 1892, he called for the revival of the Olympic movement. Then1the Olympic Committee was established in June 894, and1the first Olympic Games was held in Athens in June 896. Now the Olympic Games has become a world-scale sports event, and the Olympic spirit he advocated has spread all over the world. Because of his immortal contribution to the Olympics, he is known as the "father of the Olympics".

Flag of the International Olympic Committee Samaranch

During his presidency, the International Olympic Committee became the international organization with the largest number of members in the world, and the Olympic Games also came out of the trough, making the Olympic venues more colorful. More importantly, he is an out-and-out reformer, and the commercialization of sports and the professionalization of the Olympic Games are his initiatives.

After being elected president, he made great efforts to reform into an open institution, making this international organization more active and energetic than ever before. In the face of reality, abolishing the so-called amateur regulations and relying on the three pillars of the International Olympic Committee, international individual sports organizations and national Olympic committees, * * * will push the Olympic Games into a new era, making the Olympic Games the highest level sports event in the world, and the host city also represents supreme honor and unlimited business opportunities.

During the 19 years led by juan antonio samaranch, the IOC has become the oldest, most influential and richest international organization in the world.

Olympic nine gold kings

There are four athletes who won the most gold medals in previous summer Olympic Games, each with nine gold medals:

Mark spitz is an American male swimmer.

Larissa Latynina, Soviet female gymnast.

Finnish long-distance runner paavo nurmi

Carl lewis, an American track and field athlete

Ueberroth started a business operation.

Ueberroth, the current president of the US Olympic Committee, is a legend in the history of the Olympic Games. He pioneered the commercial operation mode of the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, making the Olympic Games profitable. Since then, the Olympic Games have been given new vitality.

China Olympic hero He?

China, a senior sports diplomat, has been engaged in sports work in New China since 1955. 198 1 year, 52-year-old He became a member of the International Olympic Committee. Four years later, he was unanimously elected as the Executive Committee, and 1989 was unanimously elected as the vice chairman of the International Olympic Committee. Participated in the Olympic bid twice, as the main think tank of the Beijing Olympic bid Committee, and worked hard for the Olympic bid.

China Shoujin Xu Haifeng

China famous shooter. At the 23rd Olympic Games, he won the men's pistol championship with 60 slow shots, becoming the first gold medal winner in this Olympic Games and the first champion winner in the history of China Olympic Games, breaking the record of "zero" gold medal in the history of China Olympic Games. After coaching, he led the team members to win two Olympic gold medals. Xu Haifeng is a veritable gold medal athlete and gold medal coach.