Shaman culture is a worldwide cultural phenomenon, and its popular areas are concentrated in North Asia and Central Asia, even in Northern Europe, North America, South America and Africa. This is Shamanism in a broad sense. Shamanism in a narrow sense is believed by Altai language families, such as Uygur, Kazak, Tatar, Mongolian and Xibe, and its beliefs are mainly animism, ancestor worship and nature worship. Shamanism is characterized by no ancestors, no teachings, worship of various gods, no organization, no fixed temples and churches, and no specialized clergy. The main activity of shamanism is jumping to the gods. Another notable feature of shamanism is that most shamans are women. It can be said that shamanism in a broad sense is world shamanism in a narrow sense. China believes in northwest minorities and some Russian minorities. There is indeed a legend about the Fire Corps in the real shamanism-the shamanism stone god-the heaven in the stone fire. Some shamanism myths say that the fire in the stone comes from the sky to illustrate the sacredness of Shi Huo. Tuo 'a, the god of fire in the Manchu novel Tuo 'a Endori, stole a gourd of fire from the fire dome in the sky, made use of the convenience of digging stones in the sky, dug holes in the stones and put the fire in. When God asked him to practice in the palace on the ground that day, Toah transported all Grand White Rock with fire to the ground. He handed the stones to people and told them to make a fire by touching them. Since then, people have worshipped Toa as a Vulcan, offering sacrifices in spring and autumn. Mongolian fire sacrifice words have the praise of "pebbles created by Tengger Khan". The Relationship between Manchu Culture and Shamanism China is a country composed of many nationalities. In the long historical years, these people with black eyes and yellow skin created and developed an ancient and excellent Chinese civilization. At the same time, people of all ethnic groups have prospered their distinctive and colorful national cultures through long-term production struggles and life practices. The ethnic origin of Manchu can be traced back to Sushen more than two thousand years ago, and later Lou, Buji, Xiongnu and Nuzhen. Today's Manchu is dominated by the Jurchen nationality in the Ming Dynasty. Especially before the late Jin Dynasty entered the customs, it began to accept the influence of the farming culture of the Han and Korean nationalities and the nomadic culture of the Mongolian nationality, and formed a new national isomorphism mixed with some Han and Mongolian nationalities, which fully demonstrated the diversity of Manchu culture. They hope to have superhuman strength to save themselves, and fantasize about influencing the gods who dominate nature through prayer, sacrifice or witchcraft, so that they can give up punishment and tease mankind and bring prosperity and happiness to people, thus forming the initial form of religious ceremonies and meeting people's psychological needs. People have an instinctive need to satisfy their own survival and development, which usually leads to two results: satisfaction or dissatisfaction. When satisfied, people will show joy and joy; Once you can't get what you want, people will be sad, irritable and miserable. These primitive emotions, especially the further development of sadness and pain, will turn into terror, dependence, worship and prayer under certain conditions, thus forming the ultimate religious emotions, religious psychology and religious consciousness. Shamanism is a primitive religion that fully embodies the emotion, psychology and consciousness of this primitive religion. Shamanism is formed and established on the basis of fishing and hunting economy, which is a reflection of the original world outlook of fishing and hunting economy. This primitive religion, which came into being with the matriarchal clan society, is based on the idea of "animism" and combines a series of primitive beliefs of witchcraft in hunting and fishing activities. The primitive fishing and hunting production mode made the life of early human beings very accidental. People think that God is working for all incomprehensible natural and social phenomena, so they have a sense of terror and consciousness. People not only believe that they have souls, but also believe that all inanimate objects and animals and plants are unified, which is mainly manifested in the worship of animals, totems and ancestors. Basic beliefs 1. The concept of soul holds that everything in the world has a soul, and the blessings and disasters brought by the changes in nature are the embodiment of the will of various elves and ghosts. Shamanism believes that people have several souls. Hezhe people believe that people have three souls: ① the soul of life (Wo people). Given by the god of life, it will always accompany people's lives. When people die, they will never disappear without the body. (in Warcraft, it is embodied as a soul wolf and a soul walker) ② The soul of thought (Hani). When people are awake, their thoughts and dreams are temporarily away from the body and other souls. It doesn't disappear after death, so you need to ask the shaman to send it to the underworld to sacrifice it on earth and harm people and animals. The performance is the famous shaman purification skill in Warcraft! ! And the life chain of white cattle] 3 the soul of reincarnation (Fagacu). It's from the metempsychosis god. After death, people are reincarnated as human beings or cast vivid plants, and women are infertile and miscarry. People think they have no reincarnation soul, or their souls have been photographed. The above-mentioned soul only hears its voice, but does not see its shape. Altai and Yakutia call soul and life Teng, Suni (or Sur) and Kut, and believe that all living things have Teng, and once they leave the human body, people will die. Su E is unique, it makes people have thoughts, will and feelings, and they can wander around without the body when they sleep. All inanimate objects have Kut, which can give them feelings and will. With Kurt in the stable of the sheepfold, the grazing animals will flourish and the owners will be rich. If it is attached to the shepherd's whip and stick, diseases and wolves will not dare to hurt the cattle. They also believe that people's souls, especially the dead, can communicate with all kinds of souls or spirits in nature, and even transfer to each other; The undead like to attach themselves to living people or other objects, which makes them change. Second, the concept of gods Shamanism often endows fire, mountains and rivers, trees, sun, moon and stars, thunder and lightning, clouds, ice and snow, wind and rain, rainbows and some animals with personalized imagination and mysterious spirituality, and regards them as gods who dominate nature and human beings. In particular, the concept of ghosts and gods formed by ancestors and the fear brought by various diseases and deaths in the world are the core of Shamanism's concept of gods. It is believed that all kinds of gods have the same will, desire and lust as people, and are more divided into good and evil, which cannot be disobeyed and violated. All kinds of gods have different attributes and functions, each with its own things and its own way. They are generally equal in status and rarely belong to the same family. Most of them have no hierarchy, and there is no god who rules everything. However, in the shamanism of Mongolian, Manchu and Daur who entered the feudal society, the concept of God (Tengger) appeared and gradually rose to a position higher than the gods. With the development of private ownership and the influence of external class society, some ethnic groups endowed some ancient gods with new connotations. The "Ghiacci" of the Oroqen nationality was originally a god who blessed livestock reproduction, and later became a god of wealth, which was worshipped by every household; A few upper-class people used to work in local institutions in the Qing Dynasty, which made them believe in various yamen gods, most of whom were officials. The Hezhe people believe that the universe is divided into upper, middle and lower realms. The upper layer is heaven, where the gods live, divided into seven layers, and the top is the most authoritative god; The middle boundary is where people, animals and plants live; The lower bound is the underworld, which is also divided into several layers. There are ancestors, ordinary undead and ghosts living in it. People are caught in the middle, influenced by the blessing of God and the worship of ghosts. Only wizards and shamans can reach the upper and lower realms and dredge the Three Realms. Worship of the Lord I, Worship of Nature II, Worship of Animals III, Worship of Ancestors IV, Idol Worship of Zhou Zuoren —— Reference to the ethical thought of Shamanism (previous articles of last century);

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