Literal translation of English preview of documentary? , which means a set of business processes from the start of business to the end of business-usually to the end of financial accounting. Documentary is to track the evidence left by these businesses-all kinds of evidence, documents, reports, etc. -Repeat the simulated business process.
What is the definition of documentary? Handler? A merchandiser refers to a full-time person who tracks products and services according to customer orders during the operation of an enterprise. (Can't take a part-time job as a substitute)? All the people who work around the order and are responsible for delivery are merchandisers.
First of all, the appearance of foreign trade document posts conforms to the principles and requirements of system theory. According to system theory, a system is composed of several interrelated basic elements, and it is an organic whole with certain characteristics and functions. Every element in the system does not exist in isolation, and every element is in a certain position and plays a specific role in the system. These elements are interrelated and form an inseparable whole. Because the concrete systems in the world are complex, we must classify different systems according to certain standards for analysis, research and management. Such as the division of labor of the main engine, parts and accessories of the mechanical system; Division of labor among departments, departments, bureaus, ministries and commissions of the administrative system; The division of labor among platoon, company, battalion, regiment, division and army of military system ensures the normal operation of these systems precisely because of its hierarchy and correlation.
From the perspective of system theory, the division of foreign trade business is not isolated, but a directional dynamic process. In the production documentary, the selection of production enterprises and the procurement of raw materials, technological process and technology, production schedule and quality control, input and output; In commercial documentary, the balance of "ship, cargo, certificate and payment", the operation and monitoring of loading, insurance, inspection, customs declaration and settlement of foreign exchange all involve the hierarchy and organic connection of the system. Foreign trade documentary is an important part of foreign trade enterprises to maintain the integrity of product and service production chain and supply chain, which embodies the will of foreign trade enterprises' management system, promotes the orderly management of foreign trade enterprises, and ensures the effective operation of enterprise management mechanism and risk prevention mechanism. In this sense, it can be said that the appearance of foreign trade documentary posts is an inevitable product of systematic division of labor and management of foreign trade contract performance in order to obtain the best economic benefits.
The basic principle of system theory requires giving full play to the functions of all links in the system and making them interrelated, rather than replacing each other, so as to ensure the smooth operation of the whole system. The appearance of foreign trade documentary posts meets the organic requirements of foreign trade management system, which is different from those of export, freight and documents. The foreign trade documentary post not only reflects the characteristics and laws of this post, but also reflects the integrity and functionality of the foreign trade management system. Ignoring the characteristics and status of foreign trade documentary and replacing the functions of documentary posts with other post functions will inevitably lead to the destruction of foreign trade management system; However, it is difficult to make the foreign trade management system work effectively only by emphasizing the importance of foreign trade documentary and isolating the function of foreign trade documentary while ignoring the functions of other links. The appearance of foreign trade documentary post has better solved the hierarchical relationship and relevance of each business link.
Secondly, the appearance of foreign trade document posts conforms to the principles and requirements of cybernetics.
Cybernetics is a science that studies the regulation laws of various systems. Cybernetics, through the understanding of the law of system motion, actively uses relevant information, exerts control and affects the operation behavior of the system, thus achieving the predetermined goals of mankind. Everything has its established development trend or deviates from the normal development trend. The key point of cybernetics is that it can control the development trend of things, delay or accelerate it, so as to achieve the expected goal and meet human decision-making and needs. Compared with the domestic trade documentary function, the foreign trade documentary function highlights its foreign nature, complexity and risk, because the performance of any contract involves two or more countries or regions, and there are many links; Product quality requirements, technical standards and legal system are complicated; Unforeseen events such as market fluctuations, market changes and foreign exchange risks often occur. Although formally, the task of foreign trade documentary is to implement the terms of the contract or letter of credit and monitor the whole process of production arrangement, supply organization, quality management, customs declaration and inspection, shipment and settlement of foreign exchange, but in nature, all the tasks of foreign trade documentary are concentrated on one point, that is, to effectively control the actual or potential risks in the business process. Whether it is future documentary, medium-range documentary or whole documentary, improper handling of problems in any link may lead to risks or losses. Documentary can not only passively implement the contract terms, but should face the objective reality, actively, actively and quickly solve possible problems and avoid various risks in the business process.
The risk control of foreign trade enterprises can be divided into advanced risk control-risk control involving the long-term interests and fundamental interests of enterprises; Intermediate risk control-involves decision-making risk control in enterprise management strategy; Main risk control-risk control related to business efficiency of enterprises. The three risks can influence and transform each other, and their risk control is not fixed. Generally speaking, the risk control of foreign trade documentary is mainly business risk control. For example: product quality risk control-timely find and replace products that do not meet the terms of the contract; Risk control of delivery date-urge the production enterprises to deliver the goods on time so as not to miss the delivery date; Risk of foreign exchange settlement-timely change of foreign exchange settlement method and update of unqualified business documents. However, if these risks cannot be effectively controlled, or the risk information dissemination channels are blocked, it may affect the enterprise's control of intermediate or advanced risks, leading to the enterprise losing the favorable opportunity to prevent or avoid risks, thus undermining the risk prevention mechanism of the whole enterprise. Therefore, the appearance of foreign trade document post will prevent mistakes and loopholes on the basis of foreign trade business, which is of great significance for foreign trade enterprises to effectively control risks and ensure the normal operation of risk prevention mechanism.
Third, the appearance of foreign trade documentary posts conforms to the principles and requirements of information theory.
Information theory is a scientific theory about the essence and propagation law of information, and it is a new subject to study the measurement, sending, transmission, exchange, receiving and storage of information. Human social practice not only needs to know the situation around the world and make a correct response, but also needs to communicate with people around it in order to coordinate actions. In other words, human beings not only need to get information from nature all the time, but also need communication and information exchange between people. In order to survive and develop, human beings need to obtain, transmit, process and use information at any time. Nowadays, human society has entered the information age. Being good at using information, processing information, transforming information and solving various contradictions has become a scientific method to understand the complex laws of motion of things. From the perspective of information theory, foreign trade documentation is a process of making full use of various favorable conditions and information sources, collecting information from production, logistics, customs, commodity inspection, banks and other departments in time, handling and solving various contradictions or unfavorable factors, and making scientific overall arrangements for all business links. In other words, in the performance of each contract, it is the basic function and task of the foreign trade documentary post to effectively exchange and process information between things and people.
Information is also productivity. Whether it is to maintain the integrity and functionality of the management system of foreign trade enterprises or to effectively control the possible risks in all aspects of foreign trade business, the availability and reliability of information directly affect the correct decision-making of enterprises. From the perspective of information theory, the management of foreign trade enterprises is closely related to the information environment, and asymmetric information may lead to enterprise decision-making mistakes at any time. In the foreign trade documentary business, the documentary personnel are always at the forefront of production and circulation, and hold the first-hand information, sometimes even surpassing the superior decision makers, so they have unique conditions and functions in information processing: First, they can make corresponding decisions at any time according to the changes of information and the scope of their duties; The second is to pass the information that you can't directly handle to the higher authorities for reference and decision-making; The third is to detect, evaluate and feedback the effect of decisions made by superiors and themselves, so as to avoid decision mistakes and risks to the maximum extent. With the diversification of international market demand, the small batch of products and the acceleration of performance, the ability of foreign trade merchandisers to process information is directly related to the economic benefits, service brand, reputation and image of enterprises. Especially in the case of uncertain conditions, the successful completion of foreign trade contracts often comes from the success of a decision, and a successful decision often comes from the correct grasp and processing of information by merchandisers. "Military information is like a thousand troops, and economic information is like gold." The importance of information exchange and processing is self-evident.
2. Definition of foreign trade
Foreign trade is also called "foreign trade" Or "import and export trade", referred to as "foreign trade", refers to the exchange of goods, services and technologies between one country (region) and another. This trade includes two parts: import and export. For countries (regions) that import goods or services, it is import; For countries (regions) that transport goods or services, it is export. This began to appear and develop in slave society and feudal society, and it developed more rapidly in capitalist society. Its nature and function are determined by different social systems.
Foreign trade not only connects countries with highly developed commodity production, but also enables countries and regions with low production development level to join the exchange field through foreign trade, so that currency, as a universal equivalent, penetrates into their economic life, making the labor products of these countries and nations more and more commodity and exchange value, and the law of value gradually dominates their production. With the development of commodity circulation in various countries, the functions of gold and silver as world currencies are increasingly enhanced. Gold and silver are not only used as general means of currency purchase, but also as means of international payment, international settlement and international credit. As gold and silver become the world currency, it is possible to form the world price of commodities. The formation of world price indicates that the role of law of value extends to the world market, which lays a foundation for the comparison of commodity production and exchange conditions among countries and promotes the development of world production and trade. Through foreign trade, participating in international division of labor and saving social labor, we can not only make full use of the resources of various countries, but also ensure the smooth progress of social reproduction and accelerate the realization of social expansion and reproduction.
1) Developing foreign trade can exchange needed commodities, adjust surplus and deficiency, and adjust the optimal allocation of resources.
2) Developing foreign trade can save social labor and achieve better economic benefits.
3) The development of foreign trade can absorb and introduce advanced scientific and technological achievements in the contemporary world and enhance China's economic strength.
4) Developing foreign trade and accepting the competitive pressure and challenges in the international market can promote domestic enterprises to constantly update their technologies and improve labor productivity and the internationalization level of their products.
3. Definition of original document
The original order is also called surplus order, tail order and tail goods. It is made up of fabrics and patterns provided by foreign brands and produced by domestic manufacturers. Qualified quality is the "authentic" in the specialty store. The only difference between the original order and the genuine one is that the original order is not planned, which is "ordinary".
Original document classification:
Original order goods
Due to low-cost labor and other factors, foreign brands will take raw materials, accessories, models and so on. It is shipped to the producing country for production and then taken back for sale. Considering the loss of raw materials in the production of finished products, 3% more will be given when providing raw materials, that is, "planned scrap materials", just in case. After completing the order, the manufacturer secretly makes the same version of the product by using the remaining raw materials, that is, the original goods. The only difference between it and "real goods" is "concubines", which are few in number.
There is also a kind of "original goods", because of various problems, the "export to domestic sales" rejected by brands is sometimes quite large. The most common is color difference, which does not meet the requirements of foreign businessmen, but the quality can still be guaranteed.
Documentary goods
"Documentary" adopts the original leather, with a number of domestic accessories (such as buttons, zippers, lining, etc. ), and the original version is made of the same version as the genuine product, which is called "documentary goods". Although "documentary goods" are sometimes sloppy in workmanship and worse in details than counter goods, the key is the same as the genuine version and leather, and the key is the same as "bloodline", which has the same effect on the body. And because they are all produced by big manufacturers that produce counter goods, the quality and technology are not bad, and sometimes they are much better than some so-called brand-name genuine products in China.
Foreign trade original foreign order
To put it simply, some big foreign customers use the officially released genuine products as templates, then find foreign manufacturers to produce them and ship them back to their own countries for sale after leaving the factory. Generally, these products are more common in large foreign companies or wholesalers. Compared with the genuine products, these products have more threads and gelatin, and there will be a gap in workmanship and materials, but the cost performance is extremely high.