First, the basic usage:
Master ten punctuation marks: comma, period, pause, question mark, exclamation mark, colon, quotation mark, ellipsis, book title, semicolon. The usage of these ten punctuation marks is introduced as follows:
(1) Comma [used to indicate] is used to indicate the pause in the middle of a sentence, occupying one case, and the point is at the lower left of the case.
We come from all corners of the country and come together for a common revolutionary goal.
(2) period [use. It means a pause after a sentence. Generally, it is used at the end of declarative sentences and imperative sentences with no obvious imperative tone, occupying one case and the point is at the lower left of the case.
Example 1: Liu Hulan is a heroine who is famous all over the country. Please pass me a glass of water. (imperative sentence)
(3) Pause [use, indicate] means a small pause between coordinate words in a sentence, occupying one case and the point is at the lower left of the case. What needs to be noted here is that the coordinate components in the sentence, the smaller pause is a pause, and the longer pause is a comma. The difference between the two is the length of the pause.
Exodus: The general attack began, and the sound of bugles, gunshots, guns and shouts immediately mixed together, shaking the valley.
(4) question mark [use? ] means a question after a pause, with a question mark, a question mark, and a square in the middle. Whether it is a question, a question or a rhetorical question, when expressing the meaning of a question, a question mark is used to indicate a pause.
What's your name? Isn't this a great spectacle? (rhetorical question)
Who created the human world? It is our working people. (question)
(5) exclamation point [use! A pause after a sentence with strong feelings, with an exclamation point Exclamation marks are generally used at the end of exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences, occupying one case and pointing in the middle of the case. All emotional sentences, such as love, praise, sadness, nostalgia, request, command, anger, surprise, etc. You should pause with an exclamation point when you finish a sentence. Let me try again! (Request) How cute my "little boobs" are! (Love) ③ What, "Confused" also got a hundred points! (Surprise) (4) You are sitting in a place where the enemy can send you to the sky with only one shell. What are you busy with? Play the piano! He gave me a white look and said, "Don't move!" (command)
(6) The colon [used to indicate] is mainly used in sentences to indicate the pause after the prompt and summary, occupying one case and the point is at the lower left of the case. Because colons are mainly used for the following purposes:
(1) Use a colon before the quotation mark, indicating that the words to be said or quoted are followed.
President Mao Zedong announced: "The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established today!"
(2) The colon is used after the prompt or summary, indicating that there is something to say later.
There is everything in the shop: clothes, cloth, stationery and food. ...
(3) The colon is also used after the address of the letter, and its function is also to indicate the prompt.
Example 1, Dear Uncle of the People's Liberation Army: 2, Yan Limin Jun:
(4) Used before an explanatory clause, it has an explanatory function.
However, it's not good to look at only one person's work: you won't get many benefits.
(5) Used between the general statement and the sub-statement to make them clear.
I am determined to do the following: 1. Do homework on time every day; Second, read some children's books …
(6) It is used between the verb predicate and the longer object, which is convenient for reading and understanding.
I know that the more difficult it is, the more soldiers care about their leaders.
(7) Quotations: Quotations indicate the quoted part of the text, which can be divided into double quotation marks [expressed by ""] and single quotation marks [""] in form. Generally speaking, if you use quotation marks alone, use double quotation marks outside and single quotation marks inside.
Example: Uncle Zhao patted the bull's head and said, "One-horned dragon, are you tired?"
There are three main uses of quotation marks in primary schools:
(1) Quote other people's words or directly express what is said.
Exodus: I want to remember Chairman Mao's words: "Study hard and make progress every day."
(2) Idioms, proverbs, common sayings or words expressing sounds, special words and words with special meanings need to be marked. Example 1 As the saying goes, "Two heads are better than one." Ex. 2: The north wind is howling. Example 3: The word "Ling" in Daxing 'anling is quite different from that in Qinling.
(3) expressing irony or irony. Example 1 He smiled and said, "What a clever hand you have!"
Example 2, this is what the elites who advocate asset liberalization call "democracy".
(4) It should be noted that when writing people's direct language, after the prompt, in addition to quotation marks, another punctuation mark should be added to indicate who said this sentence. There are three kinds of quotation marks used with other punctuation marks:
① The first type: the prompt is in front, and the prompt is followed by a colon. Xiao Li smiled faintly and said, "No, you can't eat!" "
② The second type: the prompt is in the middle, followed by a comma. For example, "You know what?" Sang Na said, "Our neighbor Simon is dead."
③ The third type: put a period after the prompt. For example, "Are you asleep?" As soon as the host entered the door, he severely condemned Alesha.
(8) Ellipsis [indicated by ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1) means to abridge quotations and omit repeated words. Example: "Bell, bell …" The little alarm clock rang. Drawing nutrition from extensive reading is of great benefit to composition. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "reading must be like bees picking honey, picking a lot of flowers ... boring."
(2) It means to speak intermittently or feel embarrassed to speak directly.
1, he shook his head gently, looked at the bundle of books and said feebly, "You should … study hard … in the future …" Example 2, teacher, I … misjudged you yesterday.
(3) It means that the meaning is not enough or the meaning is deep, and the meaning is not enough, which is thought-provoking. For example: hey! You really ... use ellipsis, no matter at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence, you usually don't add other punctuation.
(9) Title [indicated by ""] is used to indicate the names of books, articles, newspapers, songs, movies, etc.
1, Young Peng is my favorite movie. Please lend me the composition newspaper for June 1 day. I like singing the song "Singing the Motherland" best. I read the text "A Night's Work" today. I like reading the classic novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms best. (indicate the title of the book)
(10) semicolon [use; Used to pause between clauses, occupying one grid, and the point is at the lower left of the grid. Represents a pause, greater than a comma and less than a period, which is often used in the following two situations:
1, multiple complex sentences with coordinate relationship, and the coordinate parts are separated by semicolons. For example, flying slowly, because I was injured by an arrow, the wound has not healed and it still hurts; Crying miserably, because it left its companions, lonely and unsociable, and could not get help.
2. In some long sentences, a comma is used in one clause, so a semicolon should be used between one clause and another clause to indicate pause. For example, the large area is less than one acre and the water depth is less than three meters; The small one is not much bigger than the dish. The water is so shallow that you can touch the bottom with your fingers.
(1 1) Dashes [indicated by-]] indicate explanation, progressive or turning point of meaning, interruption or continuation of sound, etc. , occupying two spaces, written in the middle of the space.
1, indicating the continuation of sound. For example, we come from China, and we love our motherland.
2. Indicates that the sound is interrupted. For example, Xiao Ming opened his eyes wide and inexplicably asked, "This-"
3. explain.
Example 1: I will never forget that day-19521kloc-0/October 22nd.
Exodus 2: It was on the last day of 2008-New Year's Eve.
4. The turning point of meaning. For example, training animals is very interesting-monkeys are more like people!
5. it means progress For example, unity-criticism and self-criticism-unity.
Second, the use of punctuation marks should pay attention to the following points:
First, the seven symbols, period, comma, pause, semicolon, colon, question mark and exclamation mark, generally occupy the position of a word when writing and are marked at the lower right of the text. Dashes and ellipsis occupy the position of two words and are written in the middle of the text. The front and back parts of quotation marks occupy a word position, the first half is marked on the left side of the text and the second half is marked on the right side of the text.
Second, when writing a line break, stop, comma, exclamation point, question mark, colon, pause and semicolon should not be placed at the beginning of a line, but after the last word of a sentence. The second half of quotation marks cannot be placed at the beginning of a line, and the first half cannot be marked at the end of a line. In addition, ellipsis and dash can be marked at the beginning or end of a line, but a symbol cannot be written on two lines.
Third, punctuation has a certain shape and must be standardized when writing.