Due to the differences in age and personality, the raw angle (including the final angle) of Peking Opera is different from the old angle, the martial angle and the young angle (including the young angle) in facial makeup.

Old students (including Wu Laosheng) often play decent middle-aged or elderly people. Middle-aged people (like Lin Xiangru and Zou Yinglong) should be dignified in facial makeup. Put a little powder on your face, paint your thrush and hang a black beard.

To play an older character (such as Song Shijie and Zhang Guangcai), you shouldn't put too much powder on your face, but you should look old (with a white beard). Play the role of an elderly hero (such as Huang Zhong and Sean), and wear an elderly hero (white beard or ginseng beard) for facial makeup.

Xiao Sheng plays young people (such as Fu Peng, Zhang Junrui and Xu Xian) with makeup on his face, eyebrows and eyes. Facial makeup should be beautiful and handsome.

Wu Sheng plays a young and brave military commander (like Zhao Yun, Song Wu and Gao Chong), with his face slightly painted with powder, his face painted with red, and his eyebrows hanging high. Between the brows, there is a brave and tenacious heroism.

Doll students play children (like Xue Dingshan), and their facial makeup is similar to that of minority students. However, in order to show children's facial features, a red dot must be drawn on the printing room. This is an ancient facial beauty decoration in China. All underage children often draw a red dot between their foreheads, which is called "point forehead". )

Corner-China ancient beauties had beards, and middle-aged or elderly people who played opera roles hung their mouths (also known as "faces") longer. This exaggeration of beard is closely related to the performance of the role. For hundreds of years, artists of our ancestors have created performance programs such as reasoning, pushing, shaking, throwing and blowing, which are of great help to exaggerate the psychological state of characters.

Because of the differences in age and physiology, horns are divided into "three whiskers" and "all whiskers". Three beards are three beards. There are three kinds: black beard, ginseng beard and white beard. For example, Zou Yinglong in "Ode to Yan" and Zhuge Liang in "Heroes" shocked Black Three. Old people, such as Zhang Cang in One Pirate and Zhuge Liang in Empty City. Liu Bei was there and when he captured and released Cao. "Bearded" is full of beards and cheeks. Generally speaking, raw horns are only marked with "full ginseng" and "full white". For example, Sean in "Fish Kill a Family" is covered in ginseng, and Yang Jiye in "Touching the Monument" is covered in white.

In addition, there are five whiskers, which are worn by Guan Yu. (Some are all black). "Ertaobeard" is slightly shorter than men's beard, and it mostly plays the role of courtyard and Zhong Jun. It is rare now.

In addition, some people in the play turned sour on the spot, like Wu Zixu in Wen Zhaoguan. Because I couldn't get through Zhaoguan, I was so anxious that my beard turned white. Change from black three to adult three, and then change to white three.

In recent decades, many new historical dramas have adopted improved Dunkou. But it is rarely used in traditional plays.

Dandan facial makeup method

Due to the differences in age, identity and personality, the female roles in Beijing Opera can be roughly divided into Zheng Dan (Tsing Yi, Guimendan), Hua Dan (including Huashan, Tiedan and Xiao Dan), Lao Dan, Wu Dan, Beijing Opera Blues and Cai Dan (Ugly Dan).

Great changes have taken place in the makeup of Beijing opera in the past 40 years. In the past, Zheng Dan and Hua Dan had different facial makeup. Zheng Dan mainly plays a decent middle-aged woman with a little pink face. Playing poor women, most of them wear green pleats, no pearls on their heads, no powder on their faces, or very pale. Hua Dan must wear heavy makeup when she plays a lively young woman or a frivolous and provocative female role. Wear beaded heads, flowered shirts, skirts, coats and trousers. These two different makeup techniques have both differences in life and personality. (Zheng Dan and Hua Dan, also known as Tsing Yi and Flower Shirt, are named after their different costumes. )

However, due to the changes of the times, people's aesthetic standards have also changed. In the past, Dan Jiao's makeup looks less beautiful now. In the past 40 years, Peking Opera has made great artistic creations in facial makeup, as well as in hair styles and headdresses. Many famous actresses, referring to the beauty of ancient women's faces, have created many typical images with distinctive personalities according to different characters in the play. But there are also some actors who simply pursue the beautification of appearance, and no matter what role they play, they all wear heavy makeup, which is inappropriate. You know, although the facial makeup of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Wu Dan are similar now, they should be different in artistic modeling due to the differences in age, personality and living environment. In order to have a clear understanding of the facial makeup of Peking Opera actors, it is summarized as follows according to different roles:

Zheng Dan-To play a more respectable middle-aged or young woman, make-up should be correct. Although poor women (like Zhao Wuniang and Qin Xianglian) have powder on their faces, they should not be too heavy. A woman playing in a boudoir (Du Like Li Niang) must have delicate eyebrows and eyes, and her face powder should be slightly heavier.

Hua Dan plays a wide range of roles: there are lively and innocent girls, such as Chunxiang in a naughty bag and a village girl in a small cowherd. There are frivolous and coquettish women, like Yan Poxi in Wulongyuan. There are also provocative women, such as Li Sanchun in Break Up Kitchen. Most of the facial makeup of these characters is heavy makeup. But the description of eyebrows and eyes varies according to different characters. To play a girl, you must draw a red dot on the seal.

Wu Dan and the Beijing Opera Blues-the female characters (like Sun Erniang and Mu) in martial arts play have the same facial makeup as Hua Dan, but they are hung higher at the eyebrows to show their heroic spirit. The supernatural characters played by Wu Dan, such as the jellyfish in Sizhou City and the bottomless mouse essence, all have the same face. )

Lao Dan-an elderly woman, like She Taijun in Taijun Ci Hua, mostly has a natural face, which is not enough. But the role played by young actors looks very different if they don't wear makeup on their faces; It is necessary to draw several wrinkles on the forehead, eyebrow angle and nasal fossa to describe the face of elderly women.

Cai Dan-The Clown deserves credit, also known as Ugly Dan. Most of them play the first-class villain women in feudal society (like Sai Xishi in Nengren Temple), but they also play some funny women (like Shiwan in Sizi). Because of different personalities, facial makeup may or may not use powder. But most people will spot a mole on their forehead or cheeks.

Clean angle facial makeup method

The clean corner of Peking Opera can be divided into two parts: the clean corner (bronze hammer, old face and black head), the clean corner (face painted on a shelf) and the clean corner (Wu Hualian and Wuerhua). The roles played are both positive and negative. Facial makeup varies. When an actor plays a role in a play, he must draw according to a certain score, which is called Facebook. (Old students and martial arts students are also included).

Facebook is a makeup method that exaggerates the appearance of characters. This kind of facial mask with pattern meaning uses realistic and symbolic artistic techniques to express the mental outlook of the characters.

The facial makeup of China's traditional operas is related to the evolution and development of China's ancient song and dance facial makeup and the painting of hundreds of operas. At the earliest, there were only three colors similar to skin color, red, white and black, and the description of eyebrows and eyes was relatively simple, which was basically close to realism. Like Guan Yu's red face, it is exaggerated as a red face. Bao Zheng has a black face, which is exaggerated as a black face. Only by pretending to be a ghost or playing a greenwood character can you draw colorful faces. After hundreds of years of evolution and development, Facebook's composition and color blend with each other, gradually exaggerating its appearance and becoming a cosmetic method to show the quality of characters. This special art of facial makeup has the meaning of "including praise but not derogatory, and not including good and evil". It reflects the feelings and attitudes of people in feudal society towards the characters in the play. However, Facebook is also mixed with some unrealistic things, and we have not yet explored a more correct explanation. Now, according to the legend of old artists, the composition and color expression of Peking Opera masks can be summarized as follows:

The composition of Peking Opera facial makeup-Peking Opera facial makeup is developed on the basis of Hui Opera and Han Opera, and it absorbs the expression techniques of Kun, Ge and Bangzi. There are different slapping methods on the spectrum, such as full face, white face, rubbing face, cross-fronted face, three-tile face, broken face, crooked face and pictographic face.

"Old face" is also called "six-part face" and "two-part face". Play more honest and brave old military commanders, whose facial makeup features are mainly exaggerated with two white eyebrows to show the old and vigorous characters in the play. There are red faces, black faces, purple faces and pink faces. A red face like Huang Gai in Hero, a black face like Weichi Gong in Beibu Madness, and a purple face like Xu in Erjin Palace all belong to the method of slapping two faces.

Most of the "three tiles" are heroic military commanders (both positive and negative figures). The method of "three tiles" mainly focuses on the exaggeration of jade plum, eyes, nasal fossa and muscle skin color. Sue has three tile faces in Lost Street Pavilion. Jiang Wei of Tielongshan blushed for three tiles; Old people (all with black beards) have drooping eyebrows, like Bao Cian in Jiaxing, and their faces are covered with oil and white tiles. (hanging white beard)

Most of the heroes facing the Cross Gate are former military commanders, such as Cao Qiaoguan (bearded) and Gao Wang of Mu Huguan (bearded). Because of the different roles played, the eye tile and nasal fossa also changed slightly.

In addition, Zhang Fei's and Niu Hao's "cross face" and Xiang Yu's "cross face" are all based on the basic spectrum of cross face and "cross face".

"White face", also known as "dirty face", is to paint the whole face white and draw the muscle texture of eyebrows, eyes, nasal fossa and face with black strokes to depict the treacherous and cunning character of the characters in the play. Like Zhao Gao in Cosmic Front and Cao Cao in Catch and Release, they all painted dirty faces.

"Face rubbing", also known as full face, is to rub the face in three colors: red, black and purple, and then draw eyebrows, eyes, nasal fossa and muscle texture. Like Guan Yu's red face and Yu Qian's purple face. Those who draw black and white textures with the original skin color also belong to rubbing their faces. (such as Jiang Ziya)

There are many "painted faces" and "broken faces" in brave military commanders and outlaw figures. The spectrum and color of the picture are complex, so the method of combining "three tiles" and "cross gate" is adopted to change, with one color as the main color and the rest as the auxiliary colors. Like jy's black face (all with black beard), Ma Wu's blue face, Cheng's green face and Dian Wei's yellow face. (all with red beards)

"Half face", also known as "Yuanbao face", is characterized by slapping the face below the eyebrow eye to reveal the amount of meat. Like Mahan in My Case-solving, with an ingot face.

"crooked face" is an abnormal portrayal of the five senses, which mostly describes the fierce or ugly faces of martial arts characters. As fierce as Zhu Biao in "Home Village"; Ugly as Zheng En in a melon garden.

"Pictographic face" is mostly used for supernatural figures, such as Seeing Wukong (ape face) in Noisy Heaven, Peacock Wang Ming (bird face) in Baicaoshan and Cattle (cow face) in Banana Fan, which personifies the images of birds and animals, and still feels like birds and animals when painted on actors' faces.

In addition, monks, veterans and eunuchs all have certain musical styles, such as the monk's face of Yang Wulang in Wutai Mountain and Lu in the wild pig forest. Wang Lao's face (black beard) in centipede ridge; The composition of eunuch's face (bare mouth) in Yili, Huang Jintai is mostly composed of three tiles.

The color expression of Peking Opera facial makeup-the color expression of facial makeup, is the exaggeration of facial skin color at the earliest. Like red face, exaggerated for red face (such as Guan Yu). Dark skin, exaggerated for black face (such as Bao Zheng). Later, Facebook evolved from the exaggeration of appearance to a cosmetic method to show the quality of characters, and the red face became the hue of loyal characters; Black face becomes the hue of the upright; The white face became the hue of treacherous people. The expression of this ideological form combines the artistic techniques of realism and symbolism, and shows the mental outlook of the characters. As soon as the character appears, from the artistic modeling of the characters in the play, it gives the audience a clear concept of character-justice or evil; Kind or ugly. It has long been familiar and felt by the vast audience. According to legend, most red faces show loyalty, such as Guan Yu's rubbing red face and Huang Gai's red old face; Jiang Wei's red face. Black faces are mostly upright or reckless brave people, such as Bao Zheng's black face, Niu Hao's black cross frontispiece, and Li Kui jy's black face. White faces are mostly treacherous and cunning figures, such as Zhao Gao, Cao Cao and Qin Gui. Purple faces are more brave and resolute people, like Chang Yuchun's purple three-piece tile face. Most yellow-faced women show cruel character, like the yellow-faced women in Dian Wei. Most painted faces and green faces are brave and tenacious, such as Dan Xiong Xin's green painted face and Ma Wu's blue painted face. In addition, two colors like gold and silver are mostly used for elf makeup.

The color expression above refers to Beijing Opera. Various operas have different ways to express the color of facial makeup. The red face covered in Peking Opera and the purple face covered by Huang Gai in Jiangxi Opera. Zhuan Xu in Peking Opera is purple with three tiles, and Zhuan Xu in Shaanxi Opera is black and white with a painted face. In Beijing Opera, Xu hit his purple face, and in Hebei Bangzi, Xu hit his black face.

Image symbols of Peking Opera facial makeup-There are some mythical facial makeup and character facial makeup in Peking Opera, and the image symbols are painted on the face. The mythical facial makeup, like the seven stars painted on the forehead of the Big Dipper, indicates that he is a star in the sky. Zhao Gongming painted money on his cheek to show that he is the god of wealth. The figure's facial makeup, like Zhao Kuangyin's eyebrows, draws a red dragon running, indicating that he is the real dragon emperor. Jiang Wei draws Tai Chi pictures on his forehead, which shows that he is familiar with Yin and Yang, is good at gossip and is familiar with the art of war. Bao Zheng drew a crescent on his forehead, indicating that it can break the sun at day and the yin at night. Yang's forehead is covered with tiger characters, indicating that he is a descendant of Hei Hu. In addition, their faces are painted with weapons symbols. Like Dian Wei, who is good at making the double halberds, he painted the double halberds between his eyebrows. These image symbols, except for the supernatural mask, are mostly feudal and superstitious, which does not conform to the true intention of the mask. This is because the ideology and creative methods of the artists of our ancestors were limited by the old times, which made Facebook mixed with some extremely unhealthy things and should be eliminated.

The painting method of facial makeup should be creative-although there are angular facial makeup with a certain spectrum, actors can create their own expressions according to their own experience of the role. Like Mr. Hao and Mr. Hou, they are all famous for playing Cao Cao, but their faces playing Cao Cao are different. Hou Xirui's "Battle of Wancheng" Cao Cao's face is full of cunning. However, Cao Cao's hero is complacent about his cunning. These two masks of Cao Cao, combined with facial expressions and movements, vividly depict Cao Cao's psychological state at that time. Therefore, although facial makeup with a clear angle has a certain spectrum, it cannot be painted rigidly according to the spectrum. A good actor can draw a face vividly according to his face, combined with facial expressions and muscle activities. This not only does not hinder the expression of actors, but also helps the expression of actors. Only by creatively mastering this makeup method can we create a unique artistic image.

The corners of the mouth are distinct-the corners of the mouth are clearly drooping, with long whiskers and short whiskers. Long beard includes full beard, tied beard, mouth beard, beard and Liu Tang beard. There are several kinds of short beards, such as a beard and a short beard.

A full beard is longer and thicker than a full beard hanging from the horn. There are black, ginseng, white and purple. Like Cao Cao in Hero, Xiang Yu in My Concubine and Ma Su in Lost Street Pavilion, there are dark horses. Zhao Gao on the cosmic front and Gao Wang in Mu Huguan are both participants. Huang Gai in Hero and Xu Zhaoyan in Second Palace are all dressed in white. Sun Quan in "Ganlu Pavilion" is full of purple. There is also a Liu Tang beard, full of black, with two strands of red beard (with red ear hair), which is used to play Liu Tang, a red-haired ghost.

Zhaxiu, also known as the open beard, is a beard that shows the mouth and plays a brave role after wearing it. There are four kinds: black tie, red tie, ginseng tie and white collar tie. (Shenzha and Baizha are rare) Zhang Fei of Changbanpo and Li Kui jy of Naojiangzhou both have black beards. Red beard has great exaggeration, and most of them play monsters with high martial arts and fierce personality. For example, Ma Wu (blue face) in "Taking Luoyang Outward" and Dan Xiong Xin (green face) in "Lock Five Dragons" are all hung with red stripes. Genie characters such as Wen Tianjun (green golden flower face) in Noisy Heaven and Niu (red golden flower face) in Banana Fan are all hung with red stripes. The original character with a black beard, like Zhang Fei's "Making a White Robe", was changed to a beard because of his age. Shenzha and Baizha are rare in Beijing Opera. )

A beard under the chin (also called a Hai Xia) is to hang a beard under the chin to show your mouth. For example, the giant spirit god in "Noisy Heaven" has a black Qin Tao beard, and Wang Bochao in "Biography of jiepai" has a white Qin Tao beard.

The short beard hung in the corner of Beijing Opera is usually a short beard. A word beard is abbreviated as a word, including a black word, a scarlet letter and a white word (white beard is rare). Yang Yande in Golden Beach and Mahan in My Case-solving should both be black beards. Wang Ying (yellow-faced woman) of Taihang Mountain has a red beard. Fahai in Jinshan Temple always dresses up as a white beard. Campus is a kind of short beard, which is worn by monks who know martial arts, like Lu in the wild pig forest.

Characteristics of clown's facial makeup

Clowns play a very important role in China traditional opera stage. There are all kinds of characters in this business: there are funny old people and innocent and lively children (like the shepherd boy in Cowherd). There are unscrupulous officials (like "noodle-making" masters) and mercenary businessmen (like the boss of "Liansheng Store"). There are slaves who bully the weak and fear the hard (such as Yan Xia in Beating Yan Song) and villains who frame good people (such as Tang Qin in A handful of snow). If these positive or negative characters are played in other occupations, it is generally difficult to fully describe the mental outlook of the characters in the play. Clowns have created these characters with different identities, different personalities and different qualities, which have distinctive artistic characteristics in appearance and performance.

The clown's facial makeup generally adopts the extension or reduction of white blocks, focusing on depicting the expressions of eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth. (Some draw bad faces). This cartoon-like makeup art is closely combined with the clown's performance style.