Needless to say, the great people of China once again defeated their powerful opponents. However, while seeing the brilliant victory, we can't ignore the support of another ally, that is, the Soviet Union. At that time, the Soviet Union's aid to China continued for some time after the war, except during the war. Why? How many weapons and equipment are there? History will answer all questions.
The Soviet Union's arms support to China during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in the 1950s was well understood. At that time, China and the Soviet Union were both Eastern bloc countries, and maintained a high degree of ideological consistency. What's more, the petty actions of the western capitalist camp led by the United States itself threatened the border security between China and the Soviet Union. Unlike China, the Soviet Union was not suitable to send troops directly to war in view of the international situation and other considerations at that time.
The newly established People's Republic of China (PRC) is a young regime, and it is also a bloody country that has gone through countless wars. In response to the provocative behavior of the United States, the volunteers assembled into the Korean peninsula at the order of Chairman Mao. However, relying on the backward weapons and equipment of the volunteers at that time obviously could not make the Americans with deep pockets feel afraid. In this case, how to make up the huge gap between the two sides in weapons and equipment has become a realistic problem that volunteers have to face.
Fortunately, Peng and the volunteers didn't wait too long, and advanced weapons and equipment shipped from the Soviet Union began to be loaded into the frontline troops one after another. According to relevant statistics, during the war from 1950 to 1953, the Soviet Union provided advanced weapons enough to arm 30 divisions, and at the same time delivered more than 1000 fighters to the volunteers. There is no doubt that this move by the Soviet army is really a "timely help."
However, compared with the mechanized and automated U.S. Army, these equipments are simply dwarfed. In addition, Americans have absolute air and sea control rights. At that time, it seemed impossible for the volunteers to win the war. However, with the progress of the war, the sacrifices and efforts of the volunteers have achieved results. Until 1953, when the Korean War ended, Americans were exhausted and volunteers completed the impossible task.
According to common sense, since the war has ended, the Soviet Union has no obligation to continue to provide military assistance to China's army, but in fact, until 1954, the Soviet Union was still providing various weapons and equipment to China. What's going on here? Open the history books, it turns out that all this is because of a mine!
In a mysterious place in Xinjiang, in the Cocoto Sea area, there are extremely rich rare metals, which are valuable strategic materials, and these rare metals are the coveted treasures of the Soviet Union.
1950, China and the Soviet government reached an agreement to open up the exploitation of rare metals in Xinjiang and set up cooperative companies. The company is located in Cocoto Sea. At 1955, the Soviet side handed over its shares, not because the rare metals here lost their appeal to the Soviet Union, but because they had a deeper meaning.
It turned out that at the beginning of the Korean War, Mao Zedong and Stalin exchanged views on the direction of the war and the current situation. Chairman Mao hoped that the just war of the China people on the Korean peninsula would be supported by the Soviet Union. At first, Stalin's attitude was quite ambiguous, because within the Soviet official, there was no unanimous decision on this matter, and Stalin naturally had his own small abacus. So, what is Stalin adding?
Premier Zhou Enlai went to Sochi for talks with Stalin in order to win the arms support of the Soviet Union. Stalin first affirmed the courage and determination of the people of China to challenge the capitalist camps of the United States and the West. Secondly, regarding the supply of weapons and equipment, Stalin is only willing to discuss the quantity of weapons with Premier Zhou, but not the value of these weapons. Therefore, this involves a core issue: whether the Soviet side intends to deliver it to the volunteers by leasing or buying and selling.
Premier Zhou did not dare to delay the discussion at this meeting and immediately reported to Beijing. Chairman Mao hoped that Stalin could make it clear whether to provide weapons in the form of leasing or buying and selling, although from China's point of view, Chairman Mao preferred leasing to buying and selling.
But when Stalin learned of this, he rejected Chairman Mao's proposal. In his view, from the perspective of the weak economic foundation of the Soviet Union, it is impossible to maximize the interests of the Soviet Union by renting weapons to the volunteers. But if it is business, how can New China have so much money to buy Soviet weapons? These two methods are obviously unrealistic!
Considering that both sides had great economic difficulties, Stalin decided to settle for the second best and provide the volunteers with the weapons and equipment they needed in the form of "loans", that is, these weapons were used as loans at half the cost price of each batch, with an annual interest rate of 1%. With this condition as a guarantee, the negotiations between the two sides went quite smoothly. In this way, the Soviet weapons expected by the Volunteers arrived in China.
Unexpectedly, in fact, most of these weapons are defective products that have been or will be eliminated by the Soviet Union. In this way, it naturally caused dissatisfaction and distrust among volunteers.
At that time, the equipment of the first three divisions proved to be unable to compete with the US military in performance and practicality. Then, in order to restore the reputation of the Soviet government in the volunteer army and consider the common interests of Sino-Soviet relations, Stalin decided to adjust the weapons and equipment afterwards. In this way, the Soviet Plan I provided weapons and equipment for 64 divisions.
However, people are not as good as heaven. Although Stalin hoped to deliver the goods as soon as possible, the actual situation went wrong. Due to the limited production capacity of the Soviet Union, more than 60 divisions in the plan failed to deliver as scheduled. China's previous plan to install at least 16 division was also shelved. The Soviet Union told China that it would be difficult to achieve this goal even if it went all out, so it reduced the equipment provided for 16 division to 10 division for one year, and the subsequent weapons and equipment were gradually implemented from 1952 until it was completed.
Due to the Soviet delay, China's leaders even planned the war to 1954. However, the end of the 1953 war led to the volunteers no longer needing Soviet weapons and equipment. However, according to the agreement, Soviet weapons and equipment continued to enter China after the war.
Although this move seems redundant, it is also the result of the faithful implementation of the treaty by both sides. Compared with Soviet weapons and equipment, what is actually more valuable to us is the engineers imported from the Soviet Union, as well as the technical drawings and advanced means they provide. Compared with the former, this is an important factor to transform China's army and science and technology in the future. With the help of these Soviet experts, a modern arsenal has been established, which will modernize China's army and become a military power in an effective time.
According to the accounts of both parties after the war, China owed a loan of RMB 3 billion. In addition, with other expenses, China had to pay more than 5.7 billion yuan to the Soviet Union. From the postwar period of 1954 to 1959, China paid an average of 500 million yuan a year, and the rest should be paid off before 1965.
Obviously, people can't rely on such huge debts. So, what role does Cocoto Sea play in it? During the period of "paying off debts" after the war, the rich mineral resources of Cocoto Sea played an irreplaceable role, especially the "No.3 Mine" which assumed 40% of the debts.
In a word, the final victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was the result of the joint efforts of the people of China and the Soviet Union. Although the Soviet Union's assistance in wartime military assistance was indeed limited, the cooperation between the two sides was very pleasant. At least judging from the situation at that time, the interests of China and the Soviet Union were the same. On the other hand, it is precisely because of the delay in the war years that during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the volunteers made many painful sacrifices because of the lack of advanced weapons and equipment.
Of all the conditions that determine the direction of the war, weapons and equipment certainly occupy a part, and more rely on the core of the war-people. It can be said that even without the heroic spirit of the volunteers, there are no advanced weapons, so from this perspective, the role played by the volunteers is undoubtedly irreplaceable by Soviet weapons.
Then, the story about Cocoto Sea Mine reflects the actual situation of Sino-Soviet loan at that time. After the war, the Soviet Union continued to fulfill the treaty and provided China with weapons and equipment enough to arm 300,000 people, while China paid off the loan with all its strength and resources. The exploitation of the Cocoto Sea Mine is just one of the projects.
In fact, there is no need to be too harsh on the Soviet army for failing to provide military assistance when the volunteers needed it most. After all, according to the research of Soviet historians at that time, the Soviet Union did have a serious imbalance in economic development in the early 1950s, and its impact on military enterprises was also obvious. No matter how tortuous and bizarre this process is, at least the victory of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea is what the Chinese and Soviet people have been looking forward to.