Character modeling in China's traditional operas. Generally used for clean and ugly behavior. Facial makeup should use exaggerated colors and lines to change the actor's true colors, which is just the opposite of the makeup with white flowers, so the makeup with white flowers has always been called plain face, cleansing or handsome dress, while facial makeup is called painted face. Facial makeup is a combination of Chinese opera painting and plastic makeup (mask). The earliest facial makeup we can see now is the Yuan Zaju mural painted by Thai people in Ding Yingyuannian (1324).

There are only a dozen basic musical forms of facial makeup. However, due to the variety of colors and lines and the long-term artistic accumulation, the facial makeup is constantly enriched, and there are hundreds or even hundreds of facial makeup in many operas, which has become a distinctive symbol of China opera's uniqueness in the world drama stage. Taking Beijing Opera as an example, its basic spectrum can be roughly divided into: ① Full face. Color and composition are relatively simple. Draw a color on the face, black or red, and white or black on the eyebrows, which is used for positive figures. Such as Guan Yu and Bao Zheng. 2 water white face. Also known as the white face. Covered with white powder, it is mostly used for power rape, such as Yan Song and Pan Hong. 3 three nest surfaces. Eyebrows, eyes and nose are highly exaggerated in black, and the words before and after can be used. (4) the old nest face. The eyes of Sanwo's face are drooping, which is mostly used for the image of the elderly. 5 spend three faces. Three faces with fancy compositions, such as Doulton and Gordon. 6. Cross frontage. From the forehead to the tip of the nose into a black columnar pattern, and black eye socket into a cross, such as Yao Qi. All landowners six points face. The color under the forehead and eye socket is six to four, hence the name. 8 spindle surface. Also called half face. Hook the forehead into an ingot, hence the name. Pet-name ruby face. Hook the face of the ingot, such as Zhou Cang; The painted face is the most complicated color and composition of Facebook, with diverse colors and strong sense of jumping, giving people a fierce and weird impression, such as Ma Wu. Attending the crooked face. The asymmetry of color and composition shows the ugliness of the soul, such as Zheng En. All the above are for online banking. There are few ugly faces, mainly tofu faces, kidney faces, jujube faces and so on.

The artistic features of facial makeup are mainly embodied in three aspects: form, spirit and meaning. The deformation of facial makeup has two meanings: first, it deviates from the shape, that is, it does not stick to the natural form of life and dares to exaggerate; The second is to take shape and skillfully organize the colors and lines of the face into a certain pattern. By taking shape, you can "take shape". The fundamental purpose of shaping is to express the spirit, achieve personality and make Facebook conform to the basic atmosphere of the characters.

The combination of vividness and implicitness of Facebook permeates the aesthetic evaluation of characters. The main characteristics of Facebook art are different praise and criticism, and clear distinction between good and evil.

Tan (1906- 1977) was named Yusheng. Born in Beijing, his ancestral home is Wuchang, Hubei. He used to be the deputy head of Beijing Peking Opera Troupe. Born into a Beijing opera family. Grandfather Tan Xinpei and father Tan Xiaopei. I have been influenced by my parents since I was a child. Later, he joined Fu Liancheng and became a trained student, studying under Xiao Changhua, Wang Xixiu and Lei Xifu. After six years of teaching and under the strict supervision of teachers, I have laid a solid artistic foundation. He was good at painting. Later, under the guidance of his father and teachers, he inherited the painting styles of Tan School and Yu School and gave full play to his artistic expertise. His singing style was called "New Tan School" and later became one of the "Four Big Students". Tan first cooperated with Xu Biyun, then went to Shanghai to cooperate with Xun Huisheng, and performed with Shang Xiaoyun, Mei Lanfang and Cheng for many years. Performed on the same stage with Xue Yanqin at the Shanghai Toad Stage, and co-produced the film "Shiro Visiting Mother", which is the first Peking Opera film art film with a complete plot in China, and was shown in public on 1935.

Ma (190 1 ~ 1966)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist. Old worker. Hui nationality. Beijingers. When I was 9 years old, I entered Beijing, hoping to study in a regular class. He studied under Ye Chunshan, Cai, Guo Chunshan and Ru Laiqing. He studied martial arts before becoming an old student. 10 years old, performing an old play on stage. After leaving school, he continued to learn from Sun Juxian, Jia Honglin and Liu, and absorbed the strengths of Yu () school. After long-term artistic practice, it has formed a unique art of Ma School. He has served as the head of Beijing Peking Opera Troupe and the president of Beijing Opera Academy. Go to North Korea to express condolences to Chinese people's Volunteer Army's performance, and lead a delegation to perform in Hongkong to promote national culture. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Harry was brutally attacked and persecuted to death. Ma is serious about art and strives for perfection. He not only develops comprehensively in singing, reading and doing, but also has a deep foundation in martial arts. His voice is clear and his singing is euphemistic. He can see beauty in exuberance and freedom in delicacy. So far, many arias are popular all over the country. Especially in his later years, he participated in the performances of new historical dramas and modern dramas, and his singing, lyrics and workmanship were all innovated and developed, reaching the level of perfection. He attaches great importance to the integrity of stage art and requires strict and meticulous cooperation between roles. Because of his advocacy, the band attached importance to the effect of Qin Yue's accompaniment. He made innovations in clothing, makeup, helmet head and mouth. Put a screen in front of the band to separate the band from the performance area and purify and beautify the stage. Representative plays include traditional plays and newly-edited historical plays such as Heroes' Club, Borrowing from the East Wind, Looking at Luo Ji, Four Gentlemen, Su Wu Shepherd, Spring and Autumn Pen Club, A Grab of Snow, General Peace, Hai Rui Dismissed from Office, Orphan Zhao, Du Fu Mountain and Over a Year. Disciples are,, Yan,, Chi Jinsheng. His films "Hero" and "My Beauty Case" were made into art films, including "Selected Horses Plays".

Week (1895 ~ 1975)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist. Old worker. The stage name Qilin Hall. Cixi, Zhejiang, was born in Qingjiangpu (now Huaiyin City), Jiangsu Province. At the age of 6, he practiced martial arts and learned drama, and at the age of 7, he stepped onto the stage. He has performed in Hankou, Wuhu, Shanghai, Beijing, Yantai and Tianjin. He has performed on the same stage with Tan Xinpei, Mei Lanfang, Lin Shusen and Gao Baisui, and his acting skills have gradually matured. He pays attention to inheriting the tradition and is not bound by the old rules. He is persistent and brave in exploration, and has his own unique performance style in singing, reading and doing. Singing masters Sun Juxian and Wang Guifen are good at being straightforward and vigorous; Nianbai has a mellow charm, cadence and restraint; Being quick, accurate and vivid, he has always been called an old hand. His performance is free and easy, full of drama and strong sense of rhythm, and he makes good use of his mouth, costumes and props to serve the characterization. He always regarded drama as a weapon of battle, and actively created and staged new dramas in different historical periods. As early as 19 13, he performed the fashion play Song, showing his political tendency of sympathizing with the national democratic revolution. Later, he actively participated in the activities of the left-wing drama circle. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he performed Hong Chengchou, Regret in the Late Ming Dynasty, Emperor Huiqin and Shi Kefa to arouse people's patriotic enthusiasm. Representative plays include Four Gentlemen, A Story of Xu Ce Running to the City, Qingfeng Pavilion, Wulongyuan, Beating Yan Song, Wang Kui and so on.

Gai Jiaotian (1888 ~ 197 1)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist, worker and martial artist. Formerly known as Zhang Yingjie. Hebei Levin. When he was a child, he entered Qin Long, Tianjin, trained as a martial arts student, then became an old student and performed martial arts after giving up his post. He performed in Shanghai and Hangzhou for a long time. He inherited the artistic style of Li Chunlai, the founder of Southern School of Wushu, absorbed the strengths of martial arts schools and other trades in Beijing, Kunming and local operas, and used martial arts techniques for reference to carefully observe the movements of natural objects and images, thus enriching martial arts techniques and the beautiful modeling of characters and forming a unique Gaipai. He is good at Song Wu drama and is known as "Song Wu in the South of the Yangtze River". His performance pays attention to the portrayal of characters and the display of spiritual realm, and pays attention to the beauty of modeling, even for the negative characters, he does not make gaffes. The movements he designed have a distinct sense of rhythm, allowing the audience to enjoy the beauty. Persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution. He is the author of Black Powder Spring and Autumn Annals, which records his artistic experience. The stage art of Song Wu and Gai Jiaotian was made into a film. Representative plays include All Song Wu, Revenge with One Arrow, Evil Tiger Village, etc.

Li Wanchun (19 1 1 12th day of the eighth lunar month 1985.9. 14).

Formerly known as Li Bo, his nickname is Changshun, and he once made a guest appearance under the stage name Li. Manchu, a Huang Zheng Banner native, was born in Harbin. His father Li Yongli was a famous "Wu Hualian" actor in the late Qing Dynasty. When Li Wanchun was less than five years old, he began to practice and study drama with his father. In addition to his family biography, he also studied under teachers such as Yu Dezhi, Cui and Xiang. At the age of seven, Li Wanchun appeared in Shanghai as a guest performer. Then he performed in Suzhou, Wuxi, Yangzhou and Hangzhou. He changed his name to Li Wanchun and started his brilliant career. This is also a synthetic providence. At this stage, Malay went to Shanghai to perform and won the favor of horses. Under teacher Ma, he studied such plays as Nanyang Pass, Li Lingbei and Beating a Stick to Get Out of a Box, which played an important role in the development of his singing skills. At the age of twelve, the Li family went to Beijing to attend classes at the invitation of Yu Zhenting, president of Binqing class. There are three days of sex scenes in Li Wanchun, such as War Horse Super, Julian Village and Baiying visiting his mother. They are good at singing and martial arts, each with its own characteristics, and are known as "children's geniuses" in Beijing. From then on, he made a splash in the pear garden. While performing, he gained extensive knowledge. Not only do famous artists such as Ma and Shang Xiaoyun give summary guidance after the play every day, but they also ask his literati plays and his martial arts plays. The two masters passed on their skills seriously and loved him to the extreme, and both recognized him as the son of a moth. After receiving the support from Mei Lanfang, Li Wanchun went to Shanghai to perform with Mr. Mei, which benefited a lot. 1932 set up its own "Yongchun Society" and performed in Beijing, Shanghai, Jinan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Northeast China and other places, which was very popular. In the early 1940s, he started the "Ming Chun Society" class and trained nearly 300 students in Ming Chun. Many new plays have been rehearsed. Such as Tian Qilang, General Tree, Children's Housework, Yin and Yang Fish, Yang Jiaoai, Eighteen Arhats Harvest Dapeng, etc.

Mei Lanfang (1894 ~ 196 1)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist. Gong Dan. The word huahua. Originally from Taizhou, Jiangsu, I have lived in Beijing for a long time.

Life Story Mei Lanfang was born in a pear garden family. Grandfather Mei Qiaoling, father Mei Zhufen and uncle Mei Yutian are all famous artists or pianists. His parents died in his early years and he was raised by his uncle. At the age of eight, he began to study drama. At the age of 9, I worshipped Wu Lingxian as a teacher to learn Tsing Yi. Debuted at the age of 65,438+00, Tianhe Pei Zhinv. 65,438+04 years old, performing in a class. At the same time, while continuing to learn drama from Wu Lingxian, he also learned Hua Dan opera from famous Dan Qin Zhifen and Ugly Foot Hu Ergeng, studied Kunqu opera hard, practiced martial arts and kung fu, and widely watched the performances of figures such as Danjiao local opera, which laid a solid foundation for future artistic creation. During the period1913 ~1914, he was invited to perform in Shanghai twice, which was warmly appreciated by the audience, and the attendance rate was enduring and unprecedented. At the same time, he watched a new drama reflecting modern and contemporary themes, and was very interested in the new stage lighting, the makeup methods of actors and the design of costumes, which had a positive impact on his artistic thoughts. From then on, he began to rehearse a large number of new plays and began artistic reform and innovation. 1965438+April 2005 ~1965438+rehearsed10/new dramas in September 2006, including new fashion dramas, new costume dramas and traditional Kunqu opera. Since then, he devoted himself to the reform of traditional operas, continued to rehearse a large number of new operas, actively excavated and sorted out traditional operas, and played an important role in the development of Beijing opera art. Mei Lanfang's outstanding artistic achievements attracted the attention of foreigners. She was invited to perform in Japan twice on 19 19 and 1924. 1929 was invited to perform in the United States, and 1935 was invited to perform in the Soviet Union to spread China culture and performing arts overseas. Wherever he went, the audience reacted strongly and received rave reviews, and he was awarded honorary doctor of literature degrees from Pomona College and the University of Southern California.

Cheng (1904 ~ 1958)

Gong Qingyi, a Chinese Peking Opera performer. Formerly known as Colin, it was changed from Cheng to Cheng. Early stage name Cheng Junong, later renamed Qiu Yan and Yu Shuang. Since 1932, the name has changed. Manchu. He was born in Beijing and was poor when he was a child. At the age of 6, he studied martial arts and later changed to Tsing Yi, Hua Dan. 1 1 started to perform at the age of 12. He has worked with Liu Hongsheng, Sun Juxian, Gao Qingkui and Yu Shuyan. His teachers include Rong Diexian, Chen Tongyun, Wang Yaoqing and Mei Lanfang. He reversed his position during the voice change period, studied the martial arts of Peking Opera, the singing method and characters of Kunqu Opera, and dabbled extensively in literature, books and various arts. After her voice recovered, she organized independent classes to perform in Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, gradually formed her own artistic style, and founded Cheng School art with wide influence, which was called four famous artists with Mei Lanfang, Xun Huisheng and Shang Xiaoyun. An important part of Chengpai art is its unique singing style: meticulous and continuous, deep, ups and downs, and changeable rhythm; Strictly abide by the rhyme, so that the melody and timbre are closely combined, so it is novel, beautiful and vivid, bringing new interest to Beijing opera singers. His performance is also very unique, which is a high degree of integration of personality and expression, figure, singing skills and other skills. In particular, he created ten sleeve techniques, which greatly enriched the expressive force of sleeves. During the Anti-Japanese War, he refused to perform for the enemy and puppet troops, declined the stage, and made a living by farming in Xishan, showing his patriotism. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China devoted himself to summarizing and imparting the artistic experience and theoretical research of China traditional opera. 1957, joined the China * * * production party. Representative plays include Tears in the Barren Mountains, Young Women's Dream, Moon Hee Returning to Han, Green Frost Sword, Lock the Forest Capsule, Anti-Marriage between Yingtai and Mei Fei, etc.

Shang Xiaoyun (1900 ~ 1976)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist. Gong Dan. Zulihan military flag in Nangong, Hebei Province. In his early years, he entered Beijing Sanle Class to study martial arts, and then corrected himself. He studied under his grandson and was good at Tsing Yi. After graduation, he cooperated with Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Sun Juxian, Wang Juxian, and Sun Juxian successively, and organized classes independently. While performing a drama, he also devoted himself to the cultivation of opera talents. 1937 Founded Rongchun Society and trained more than 200 disciples of "Spring, Glory, Longevity and Happiness". His singing is high-pitched, full of tones, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and he is good at using vibrato, so he is famous for his rigidity. His works embody fortitude and elegance. Because of his profound martial arts skills, he is better at Beijing opera blue flirting. He is brave and handsome, and he does things neatly. He is committed to both inheritance and innovation in art, rehearsing a large number of new plays and sorting out and processing a number of traditional plays. His artistic images such as heroines, chivalrous women and fierce women are unique and world-renowned. They are as famous as Mei Lanfang, Cheng and Xun Huisheng. Representative plays include Gankun Fushou Mirror, Zhaojun's Journey to the Fortress, Qin Liangyu, Modern Jia Daughter, Princess Shuangyang and Lin Siniang.

Xun Huisheng (1900 ~ 1968)

Chinese Peking Opera performance artist. Work in Hua Dan, boudoir in Hua Dan. Hebei Dongguang people. When I was young, I studied under Pang Qifa and Hou Junshan, and under Hua Dan. 19 1 1 entered the sanle class and studied Beijing opera with Lu. He studied under Wu Lingxian, Sun Lingxian, Sun Lingxian and other famous artists. He has performed with Mei Lanfang, Cheng Jixian,,, Zhou, and. Since the 1920s, he has been devoted to exploring the artistic innovation of Peking Opera. From singing, chanting, characters to clothing, makeup and other aspects, we have made innovations suitable for our own conditions. In 1930s, the art of Xun School, which was deeply loved by people, gradually took shape. His voice is famous for its gentleness and elegance. Chanting is soft and mellow, full of rhythmic beauty, with various body movements, especially the use of eyes. During the Cultural Revolution, he was humiliated and died of depression. Representative repertoires include Matchmaker, Today's Woman, Two Lovers in the Red Chamber, Exploration of Jade Carving, riddles, Huo Xiaoyu, Looking for the Mother, Yu Zaogong and so on. There are books such as Xun Huisheng's Drama Essays, Selected Works of Xun Huisheng's Drama and Xun Huisheng's Stage Art..