basic concept
Dry cleaning machine must have four basic functions: washing function, filtering function, drying and recycling function, regeneration function of washing solvent (except petroleum solvent dry cleaning machine) and circulation function of detergent. The dry cleaning machine that realizes these basic functions generally consists of a washing system, a filtration system, a drying recovery system (including cooling and liquid-water separation in the process of drying recovery) and a detergent distillation system.
Common types
One is an open dry cleaning machine;
The second type is a fully enclosed dry cleaning machine. The difference lies in the drying and recovery system.
Freeze dry cleaning machine is also called fully enclosed dry cleaning machine. After washing and removing liquid from clothes, the drying and recovery of residual solvent on clothes is completed by a set of condensers. The refrigeration cycle of the refrigeration unit makes the residual solvent on the clothes be heated, vaporized, condensed, liquefied and quickly recovered. Because the freezing cooling temperature is lower than the water cooling temperature, the drying recovery period can be shortened, the solvent recovery rate is high, and the solvent consumption is about 65438 0%, so there is almost no residual tetrachloroethylene vapor in the washing drum at the end of drying. Some refrigeration dry cleaning machines, in order to further reduce the odor when taking clothes, install an adsorber at the outlet of the drying air duct of the machine to adsorb tetrachloroethylene in the exhaust gas to meet the requirements of environmental protection.
The fifth generation fully enclosed dry cleaning machine has activated carbon filtration, secondary recovery and automatic cleaning of distillation box. In the third and fourth generation closed dry cleaning machines, the minimum concentration of gaseous tetrachloroethylene in the drum is 1500-2000 ppm after the clothes are cooled and deodorized, while in the fifth generation machine, the concentration of gaseous tetrachloroethylene in the drum can be reduced to below 300PPM through the adsorption of carbon adsorption system. At this time, when you open the door to get clothes, the discharge of tetrachloroethylene can be minimized, reaching the international standard that the residual pollution in the cylinder is ≤300PPM and the surrounding environment is ≤. Some fifth-generation fully enclosed dry cleaning machines also have desorption function. When a certain amount of tetrachloroethylene is adsorbed, the internal activated carbon tends to be saturated. At this time, the desorption system can be started to regenerate activated carbon and condense it into liquid state in gaseous solvent for recovery.
Type difference
Performance difference between tetrachloroethylene water-cooled recovery dry cleaning machine and refrigeration dry cleaning machine: water-cooled dry cleaning machine is also called open dry cleaning machine. After washing and draining the clothes, the residual solvent on the clothes is dried and recovered with a water-cooled cooler. Due to the high temperature of cooling water, the recovery effect is relatively poor. After drying, in order to reduce the leakage of tetrachloroethylene when taking clothes, this dry cleaning machine has an exhaust device, which can exhaust the solvent gas remaining in the machine to the outside, so the solvent consumption is relatively large and it also pollutes the environment to some extent.
1. Oil dry cleaning machine is more comprehensive than tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning machine, and all fabrics except down jacket can be washed by oil dry cleaning machine.
2. The price of petroleum dry cleaning machine is cheaper than that of tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning machine.
3. The washing cleanliness of petroleum washing machine is not as high as that of tetrachloroethylene. The tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning machine only needs simple pretreatment before dry cleaning. The oil stain dry cleaning machine needs laborious pretreatment, otherwise the oil stain on the clothes will definitely not be cleaned.
Matters needing attention
Petroleum dry cleaning machine
1. The ignition point of petroleum solvent must be above 40℃, and it must have good resistance to reduce the possibility of explosion or combustion.
2. Don't work continuously for too long to prevent the machine from generating high temperature.
Don't transform easily, repair the machine yourself to avoid accidents.
4. Ventilation frequently to avoid explosion due to excessive indoor gas content.
5. It is forbidden to leak petroleum solvents and fireworks. Dry clothes must be cooled quickly and thoroughly before they can be taken out. Don't leave them in high temperature for too long.
6. The place where the oil dry cleaning machine is placed must be dry and ventilated to avoid direct sunlight. The room should be decorated with fireproof materials, and the power supply should be far away from the machine.
7. Please wear protective gloves or aprons to avoid skin injury or poisoning and cancer.
8. When the oil dry cleaning machine is scrapped, the solvent must be removed first to avoid gas explosion of the residual solvent.
Tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning machine
When using tetrachloroethylene dry cleaning agent, we must pay attention to two points. First, don't stay too long in the space where tetrachloroethylene leaks or the content of tetrachloroethylene is too high. Tetrachloroethylene has anesthetic effect and toxicity on human body. Therefore, it is best to choose a fully enclosed dry cleaning machine that meets the requirements of environmental protection, such as one with automatic liquid suction pump, activated carbon adsorption system and automatic sewage treatment system. Because tetrachloroethylene is extremely stable and has a large proportion, it will seep into the bottom of the water and pollute the water source if it is discarded casually, so it is best to treat it in a unified way.
Component maintenance
Button collector
The door of the button collector is equipped with a pneumatic door lock. When the machine is working, the door is locked. Only by pressing the open button of the simplified door can the button collector door be opened. The door of the button collector is equipped with a safety protection switch. As soon as the door is opened, the computer will call the police, and the machine will automatically lock and stop working.
The button collector door can only be opened when the machine stops working and the cylinder door open button is pressed. It is forbidden to violate the safety operation regulations.
maintain
After the machine is used for about 5 times on average, the button collection basket must be cleaned. The specific operation method is as follows:
1. When the machine stops working, first press the open button on the computer board, and then open the button collector door.
2. Remove all residues and hard objects from the button collector during dry cleaning.
3. Close the button collector door after cleaning.
Ciliary collector
The cilia collector is located at the back of the air duct at the top of the machine. It collects the cilia falling off during dry cleaning of clothes, so as to prevent them from entering the refrigeration coil and blocking it.
Press the cylinder door key to open the simplified door before opening it. When the machine is running, the cilia collector must be completely closed, otherwise the machine will stop working.
The cilia collector is equipped with a cilia collection bag, which should be cleaned regularly to avoid affecting the smooth circulation of air.
clear
1. Clean the cilia in the cilia bag every 3-4 times on average.
2. Clean the cilia on the second cilia basket every day.
3. Screw out 1 and the second cilia basket every half month, and gently brush off the cilia attached to the disc card with a stiff brush.
4. Wash the ciliated collection bag with water once a month. When the collection bag is completely dried, it can be used again.
Automatic drying controller
The automatic drying system can automatically adjust the required drying time according to different types and loads of clothes. If the load of clothes in the machine is not large, the drying time of clothes will be automatically shortened and the drying time of each washing will be automatically controlled.
Its working principle is that during the drying process, the solvent in the clothes flows into the automatic dryer to form a certain liquid level, so that the float floats. When clothes are dried, the liquid level in the automatic dryer drops and the float is automatically disconnected. After receiving the signal, the computer automatically switches to the next automatic program.
system composition
The dry cleaning machine consists of the following systems (soap solution, air compression, automatic cleaning and other systems can be added according to customer requirements)
A. washing system,
B. filtration system,
C. distillation system,
D. drying and recovery system,
E. solvent storage tank,
F. pump,
G. button collector.
The washing system consists of rollers, rollers, doors, motors, conveyor belts and related control circuits. The washing and drying of clothes are completed in this system (the drying system should be coordinated with the drying). In the washing process, the motor drives the drum in the barrel to move forward and backward at a uniform speed through the belt to provide the mechanical force needed for decontamination; When the liquid is removed at high speed, the motor drives the drum in the cylinder to rotate at high speed through the belt to provide the centrifugal force needed for liquid removal; During the drying process, the motor drives the drum to rotate at the same speed in the forward and reverse directions through the belt, so that the clothes are evenly and fully contacted with hot air during the drying process, and the evaporation of dry cleaning solvent is accelerated.
The washing system is mainly composed of filters and related pipelines, and its function is to filter out the particles and pigments in the solvent during the washing process of clothes, so that the solvent re-entering the washing system is in a relatively clean state, so as to reduce the re-deposition of dirt on clothes.
cartridge filter
The cartridge filter consists of a filter cartridge and several standard filter elements, which are composed of high-quality filter paper and 200-mesh activated carbon. When the dirty dry cleaning solvent flows through the drum filter, dirt particles and pigments in the dirty solvent are adsorbed on the filter element, and the filtered solvent will become relatively clean. When the filter element is used several times, the scale will increase, which will affect the constant flow of dry cleaning solvent and increase the internal pressure, which can be observed by the pressure gauge of the filter element. In general, when the pressure exceeds 2kg/cm2, the filter element must be replaced.
centrifugal filter
centrifugal filter
The centrifugal filter consists of a shell, a hollow shaft, nylon filter plates arranged in rows on the hollow shaft, a cleaning motor and a belt. Before using the filter, an appropriate amount of filter powder and carbon powder should be added from the button collector through the solvent circulation of the filter, and these powders will flow to the nylon filter plate of the filter and be adsorbed. When the filter works, the dirty dry cleaning solvent enters the filter, impurities such as dirt particles are blocked by the filter powder on the filter disc, the pigment is adsorbed by the activated carbon, the solvent flows out of the filter through the hollow shaft and is reused, and the filtered solvent becomes relatively clean. When too much dirt accumulates in the filter, it will affect the flow of solvent flowing through the filter and increase the internal pressure. In general, when the filter pressure gauge shows 1.5 kg/cm2, the filter must be cleaned. Cleaning method: turn on the cleaning motor to drive the filter plate inside the filter to rotate for about 5 minutes, and then the dirt adsorbed on the filter plate, together with filter powder and carbon powder, will be thrown off the filter plate under the action of centrifugal force. Open the communication valve between the filter and the distillation drum, and discharge the solvent in the filter into the distillation drum. At this point, the cleaning work has been completed. If you want to clean the filter more thoroughly, you can pump the cleaning solvent equivalent to 2/3 of the filter volume, start the cleaning motor for about 1.5 minutes, and then discharge these solvents into the distiller.
Distillation system
The distillation system consists of distillation cylinder, condenser, solvent-water separator and pipeline. Distiller is a steam (or electric heating) sealed container, which consists of steam heating coil (or electric heating wire), container body, observation mirror, observation lamp, safety valve, door and heat insulation layer. Working process of distillation system: According to the different evaporation temperatures of general substances, those substances (such as dry cleaning detergent residue, mineral oil, dye, filter powder, carbon powder, dust and other impurities) with boiling point lower than tetrachloroethylene (12 1℃) are left in the still by heating, and tetrachloroethylene and water are heated and evaporated into gas and sent to the condenser. The condenser consists of a spiral cooling coils and a cylinder. Cooling water flows from the bottom to the top in the coil. Gases such as tetrachloroethylene and moisture flow from top to bottom in the condenser space outside the coil, and gradually cool into droplets, which flow directly to the water separator. The water separator consists of a box, an observation mirror and a siphon. It is designed according to the different specific gravity of water and solvent. Tetrachloroethylene is 1.6 1, and water is 1, so water floats on it. Tetrachloroethylene sinks below, flows into the clean solvent tank through the siphon, and water is discharged from the machine through the straight pipe. The filtration system mentioned above can only roughly "clean" the dry cleaning solvent and filter out some dirt particles or pigments, but can't filter the grease dissolved in the solvent. The distillation system can thoroughly clean the solvent, so that the dry cleaning solvent can be reused, which indirectly reduces the dry cleaning cost.
Drying recovery system
Fully automatic fully enclosed dry cleaning machine
The following will be introduced:
1) refrigerated for recycling
The dry cleaning machine using tetrachloroethylene refrigeration recovery system is called fully enclosed dry cleaning machine. The drying and recovery system consists of a high-speed fan, a ciliated filter, a refrigeration system and an auxiliary heater.
High-speed fan-in the process of drying clothes, the fan forces the air to flow quickly in the closed system to ensure a high drying speed and solvent recovery rate.
Ciliate filter is a bag made of cotton cloth or cotton/chemical fiber. Its function is to filter and collect the cilia in the air flowing in the closed system during the drying or cooling process, so as to prevent the cilia from blocking the cold and hot coils.
Refrigeration system-consists of refrigeration compressor, condenser, evaporator and hot coil. Its function is to use the evaporator to cool the air containing tetrachloroethylene gas in the drying process, so that tetrachloroethylene changes from gas to liquid, and then flows to the water separator through the pipeline, and the separated solvent flows into the clean solvent tank to achieve the purpose of solvent recovery; The hot coil is made of high-temperature and high-pressure freon flowing through the refrigeration compressor, which can generate heat to heat the air flowing through (this heating method is the main heater of this kind of machine), which can improve the efficiency of the refrigeration system, skillfully use the heat source and achieve the purpose of energy saving.
Degreasing dry cleaning machine
Auxiliary heater-the device whose function is to supplement the air heated by the hot coil of the refrigeration system, has the following two working modes:
1 steam heating type: composed of coils and fins, and steam provides heat source;
Electric heating type: composed of electric heating wire, heat conducting oil, fins, etc. The heat source is provided by electric energy;
The working process of refrigeration, drying and recovery system: the high-speed fan rotates, forcing air to flow, so that the air is heated by the main heating coil and the auxiliary heater, and when it flows into the drum, it contacts with the clothes to be dried containing tetrachloroethylene, so that the tetrachloroethylene contained in it is heated and evaporated, enters the evaporator through the ciliated filter, and is cooled into droplets (the droplets flow to the water separator through the pipeline and are separated into relatively pure tetrachloroethylene liquid). At this time, the air is sent to the main heater and the auxiliary heater again for heating, and then enters the drum to contact with the clothes. This cycle is repeated until the solvent on the dried object is basically evaporated, and the drying and recycling process is completed.
cooling system
Cooling system-by switching the internal circuit, turning off the auxiliary heater and starting the low-speed fan, the high-temperature and high-pressure freon of the refrigeration compressor will flow directly to the condenser and cut off the hot coil. Through the rotation of the low-speed fan, the air in the closed system inside the machine flows and enters the evaporator through the ciliated filter, and the residual tetrachloroethylene in the air is cooled into droplets, and the air is also cooled. This cycle, after a few minutes (or less), cools the clothes.
(2) Water-cooled recovery of tetrachloroethylene The water-cooled drying recovery system consists of a high-speed fan, a ciliated filter and a water-cooled coil. The functions of the fan and the ciliated filter are the same as those described in the "Refrigeration Cycle" section above. Its heater has the same function as the "auxiliary heater" of "refrigeration recovery".
Let's introduce the water-cooled coil:
The water cooling coil of open dry cleaning machine is composed of coil and fin. Hot air containing tetrachloroethylene is cooled by water with the temperature lower than 14℃ when it passes through the fins of the water-cooled coil, and then it turns into liquid droplets, and then flows into the water separator through the pipeline for separation, thus realizing the recovery of the solvent.
The dry cleaning machine with water-cooled drying recovery system is called open dry cleaning machine. Deodorization system-By switching the circuit inside the machine, turning off the heater and turning on the high-speed fan, the water-cooled coil continues to work, and opening the air outlet and air inlet, air enters the machine through the air inlet and is pressurized by the high-speed fan, forming a strong airflow through the dried clothes, and discharging some residual odor on the clothes to the space through the air outlet. Through this process, the residual incompletely dried tetrachloroethylene on the fabric will be carried away by the air, which will cause certain pollution to the environment and waste of dry cleaning solvent. These two problems are the reasons why the open dry cleaning machine is gradually eliminated.
Solvent storage tank
Dry cleaning machines weighing more than 9 kg will have two or three solvent storage tanks. If there are only two cylinders, one is the working solvent cylinder and the other is the cleaning solvent cylinder; And there are three cylinders, one is a clean solvent cylinder, and the other two are working solvent cylinders, which is convenient for solvent storage and turnover.
pump
centrifugal pump
The dry cleaning machine uses centrifugal pump, which is responsible for providing power for the transportation of dry cleaning solvent in the machine.
Button collector
The button collector consists of a metal basket covered with fine holes, a box, a cover, etc. It is arranged on the pipeline in front of the centrifugal pump, and its function is to roughly filter the working solvent, filter out impurities such as buttons, accessories or some granular things that fall off clothes during work, and protect the pump and filter.