Wen Tianxiang (Southern Song Dynasty) Genre: Seven-character Rhyme

Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history.

Edit the translation of this paragraph.

Translation 1:

By my own efforts, I mastered a classic, finally made a name for myself, and started a turbulent and difficult political career;

It has been four years since he led the rebel army against the Yuan Army.

The great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like a strong wind blowing catkins scattered;

My life experience is also ups and downs, just like duckweed under heavy rain.

It is still frightening to think of the past defeat in Jiangxi and the evacuation from the beach of fear, the sinister torrent and the grim situation;

Thinking that Wuling slope was completely annihilated last year and was trapped in the enemy, now I can only lament my loneliness in the vast ocean.

People have been alive since ancient times. Who hasn't died? Give your life for your country and die a fair death, leaving this sincere heart shining in history!

Translation 2:

Looking back on my early experience of being an official through the imperial examination,

Now the war has subsided for four weeks.

This country is in danger,

How can a person take a bath be described as duckweed?

Fear of the fiasco at the beach still scares me.

It's a pity that I am alone in the ocean below zero.

Who can live forever since ancient times?

I want to leave a patriotic heart to reflect on history.

Translation 3:

I suffered because I was proficient in Confucian classics and got an official position.

I spent four spring and autumn years on the desolate battlefield.

The mountains and rivers are broken like wind and scattered catkins.

Life is like duckweed beaten by rain.

Tell fear on the beach of fear,

Lament the lonely and bitter bits and pieces on the ocean.

Who can not die since ancient times,

After my death, I will also leave this red heart dedicated to serving my country and let it go down in history forever.

Translation 4:

Because I read many classics and passed the imperial examination, I was elected as an official by the court.

Spent four years in frequent anti-Yuan struggles.

The state of the Great Song Dynasty is at stake.

My life is bumpy, like duckweed drifting without roots in the rain, ups and downs.

Fear of the fiasco at the beach still scares me.

It's a pity that I am alone in the ocean below zero.

Who can not die since ancient times,

Let loyalty go down in history forever!

Edit the introduction of the poet.

Wen Tianxiang (A.D. 1236- 1283), male, Han nationality, was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). His original name is Sun Yun, his handwriting is very good, and his name is Song Rui. Unfortunately, after being captured, he was put above his family in prison. His poems in his later years reflected his firm national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. The style is impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal. There are The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu.

Edit the background of this poem

1278 In May, Song Duanzong, who was only 10 years old, lived in Zhao Min. He was spoiled from childhood, weak and drowned. Lu Xiufu and others took Zhao Min, the 7-year-old brother of Duanzong, to the throne with auspicious titles. The court moved to Jianshan and sealed Lord Wen Tianxiang's letter. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, hoping to recruit soldiers and find new opportunities by relying on the risks of mountains and seas. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.

At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North. He was defeated and captured, and immediately committed suicide with borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who surrendered to Yuan, was rebuffed.

/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, the Yuan Army went out of the Pearl River Estuary to attack the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang went out with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean, which is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain in the nearby waters. The sea at the foot of the mountain is called dingyang. Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender and stick to Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief in Shaanxi. Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his willingness to swear allegiance, which was sternly rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang's Notes on the Cloud from the Songs of Chu;

"On the third day, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Duzhou, so please make a book for Zhang Shaobao to worship. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but how about teaching people to carry their parents?' This poem was left behind. Li Can can't be forced to take a poem to get the point, but it can't be forced to call it a' good man and good poem'. "

Twenty days after writing this poem, the Battle of Yashan ended in a fiasco in the Song Dynasty, and Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao Min on his back and died. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty died, and the Song Dynasty perished.

Edit the annotation of this poem.

Selected from the complete works of Mr Wenshan

I wrote my own experience in the first sentence. "Hard" sentence: trace back to my early life experience and all kinds of hard work since I became an official.

Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was used to test the meaning of classics, and one of the five classics (Yi, History, Shu, Li, Spring and Autumn) was chosen. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in the fourth year of Baoyou in Song Lizong (1256), and later became the prime minister. Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.

The sentence "Mountain and River Map" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible. Yu Daping's personal strength is negligible for the country, which shows that the author hopes that more sober people with lofty ideals will be able to save this situation.

Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, which is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River and the most dangerous one. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.

"Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and one's courage and isolation.

After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. History: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to take notes. When making bamboo slips with seven-character poems, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be baked with fire, so it is called history books.

One or two sentences: The poet looks back on his life, but due to the limitation of space, in his writing, Yuan Shizu listed two things: entering the official position and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet thought not of his personal way out and future, but of his deep regret that he failed to win a military victory and turn the situation around two years ago. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation.

Judging from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences exaggerate the dangerous atmosphere of grief and anger to the extreme, while the last two sentences turn from grief and anger to excitement and from depression to loudness. "Who hasn't died in life since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine. " Throughout the ages, people are bound to die, dying to save the motherland and dying for righteousness. A heart of Dan hangs in history and lasts forever. These two impassioned poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. The whole poem also became a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it will never be sung again.

Edit the famous sentences in this paragraph.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.

Edit this understanding poem.

This kind of integrity based on death is also vividly reflected in Wen Tianxiang's poem Zero Crossing and Ding Yang. The poem that embodies this integrity is that no one has died in life since ancient times, and it is one thing to keep a fresh heart.

The "natural beauty" in the poem Crossing the Ocean is that the beach is full of fear and the ocean is full of sighs.

The poem "Crossing Zero and Ding Yang" expresses the poet's national integrity and his view of life and death at the expense of righteousness. No one has died since ancient times, and he left his own heart to shine in history.

Metaphor is used in the poem Crossing the Ocean to show how difficult the country is. Personal ups and downs are: mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

Precautions:

① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Zhao Minxiang's reign at the end of the Song Dynasty (1278) and imprisoned in the Lingdingyang warship. In the first month of the following year, Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan attacked Cliff Mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stuck to Cliff Mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.

② "hard work" sentence: trace back his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang has been in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), ranking first among Jinshi.

3 fight and be thin: being thin is barren and thin. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.

(4) The phrase "a leopard cannot change his spots" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible.

⑤ Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.

⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and one's own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang.

⑦ History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to take notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called a history book.

Enjoy 1:

This poem was written after Wen Tianxiang was captured. The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet did not think of his personal way out and future, but deeply regretted that he failed to win a military victory in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin and death, as well as the bleak mood of self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This adds a tragic and passionate strength and self-confidence to the previous feelings and grievances, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, far beyond the scope of language and writing.

Appreciation 2:

This is a poem that will last forever. At the beginning of the poem, review your life. It is intended to imply that no matter what difficulties and hardships, you are tempered and fearless. Then I described my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate cold war environment. Linking personal destiny with the rise and fall of the country.

Three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and the deep sadness and anger from both the country and the individual. This couplet is neat and the metaphor is appropriate, which truly reflects the social reality and the poet's experience at that time. The national disaster, personal bumpy experience and all kinds of pains tormented the poet's feelings, which made his words doubly sad.

Five or six lamentations are deeper, once again showing the poet's painful inner trembling because of the collapse of the country and his distress with typical events in his encounter. The last two sentences converge the whole article with great momentum, and write a heroic oath that would rather die than surrender, meaning that since ancient times, has there been an immortal body in life? As long as we can make this patriotic loyalty shine in the history books.

This famous saying, which has been told through the ages, is a hymn of an ideal life written by the poet with his own blood and life. The whole poem is gloomy and tragic in style, and it is a great patriotic poem that touches the world and makes the gods cry.

Appreciation 3:

"Once you encounter hard work, there will be fewer stars around you. Facing the death battle, the author recalled his life and was deeply moved. He caught two major events, one is to be an official with Mingjing, and the other is to be a diligent king. With these two pens, I wrote the historical background and personal mood at that time very well. " Fighting is rare "is related to the overall situation of the country. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but few people died for their country like Wen Tianxiang. The author's use of the word "dou Xi" implies anger at those who drag out an ignoble existence and condemnation of the capitulators!

If the first couplet is drawn vertically, then the lower jaw couplet is drawn horizontally. "The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain is flat." The author describes the decline of state affairs with bleak natural scenes, which deeply shows his grief. Lonely subjugated ministers, like rootless duckweeds floating on the water, have no attachments, which is bad enough. And the author wrote the word "rain" on the "flat", which is even worse. This "ups and downs of life experience" summarizes the author's hard struggle and bumpy life. The antithesis of this couplet is neat, the metaphor is appropriate, the image is vivid, and the feelings are strong, which makes people sad to read!

Five or six sentences carry forward the previous meaning and further render the hair. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang's army retreated from Huangjitan to Fujian after being defeated by Yuan soldiers. At that time, his front was facing the sea, and there were pursuers behind him. How to break through the danger of that narrow escape and turn defeat into victory is the most worrying and disturbing thing for him. Now that the army has been defeated, as a prisoner, it was taken to Ding Yang. Can you not feel lonely? This couplet is particularly sentimental. The two sentimental place names "Fear Beach" and "Zero Ding Yang" are naturally opposite, and they are used by the author to express his "fear" yesterday and "Zero Ding" in front of him, which is really a swan song in the history of poetry!

In the above six sentences, the author exaggerates the hatred, hardships and hardships of home and country to the extreme, and the sadness comes to a climax, but the ending is a slap in the face: "Who has never died in life since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine on history! " He collected the whole article with majestic momentum and high-pitched emotions, showing his national integrity and his view of life and death at the expense of righteousness. The mystery of the ending makes the whole article from sadness to strength, from depression to excitement, forming an immortal strong song. Through the author's personal life experience and national experience, this paper expresses the author's helplessness in the defeat of the country and his feelings about the ups and downs of history, and embodies the poet's noble sentiment and his view of life and death at the expense of justice.

Lingdingyang: Outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, between Neilingding Island and Wailingding Island. Before the Opium War, Lingdingyang and Lingdingdao were occupied by opium traffickers of British and American aggressors with barges and speedboats, which became the springboard for opium smuggling in China.

evaluate

The poet is using this poem to express his experience. Once he goes through hardships, he will be surrounded by stars. He used ten years' sweat to get into the civil service, but he wanted to command the army to protect the mountains and rivers. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and his life experience is ups and downs. His inability to resist the enemy's attack led to the fall of mountains and rivers. While expressing his loyalty to the king, he intends to support the country to the death, but at the same time he hates his incompetence. It is impossible to protect one's country. From The Beach of Fear, we can see that the result of the poet's efforts for himself is very sad, while Tintin's Sigh in the Ocean reveals that there were very few people who wanted to defend their country at that time. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, so the poet did not defend his country, but only settled for the second best, using his own death to show his loyalty and sadness, so that future generations can respect him.

Poet is a typical person in ancient China who wanted fame and didn't want profit. If the surrender of the Mongolian army can be supported by all the people, will he still be so dead set? On the surface, the last sentence is an eternal quatrain. However, this exposes the original intention of the poet-he wants to be immortal. In essence, poets are not very noble. The poet was respected by so many people without protecting his country. In fact, it is very misinterpreted, and it is easy to make people feel that it is good to do things the best. Man proposes, God disposes. This is a very negative impact.

This poem also reveals the reasons for the demise of the Great Song Dynasty. Poets are civil servants. Is it possible for a civil servant to lead troops to fight? How can a weak scholar who has read the classics lead troops to fight? What kind of realm can a poet with a wrong major achieve?