National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. It consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, with white in the middle and red on both sides, and a national emblem pattern in the middle of the white rectangle. White symbolizes freedom, democracy, peace and happiness; Red symbolizes the victory of the people's war of independence and also shows the people's nostalgia for the martyrs.
National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. On the upper left of the shield is a South American alpaca, which is the national treasure of the country, representing the country's animal resources and one of the symbols of the Peruvian nation. On the upper right is a cinchona tree, representing the country's plant resources; The lower part is the horn symbolizing abundance, representing the country's natural resources and mineral deposits. The upper end of the coat of arms is a green branch ring; There are two Peruvian flags on each side.
National flower: sunflower
National tree: cinchona tree
National animal: llamas
Independence Day: July 28th (182 1 year)
National Day: July 28th (182 1 year)
State official: President Alain Garcia was elected in June 2006 and sworn in in July.
The site of Machu Picchu in the Andes is one of the best preserved ancient Inca cities, which is listed in 1983.
World heritage list
Physical geography: area 12852 16 square kilometers. It is located in the west of South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia in the north, Brazil in the east, Chile in the south, Bolivia in the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The coastline is 2254 kilometers long. The Andes runs through the north and south, and the mountainous area accounts for 1/3 of the national area. The whole territory is divided into three regions from west to east: the western coastal area is a long and narrow arid zone with plains between it; The central plateau is mainly in the middle of the Andes, with an average elevation of about 4300 meters, which is the birthplace of the Amazon River. In the east is the Amazon forest area. Mount Korobona and Salkan Mountain Ba Dou are over 6,000 meters, and Mount Vascalan is 6,768 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in Peru. The main rivers are Kaiali River and putumayo River. Western Peru has a tropical desert grassland climate, which is dry and mild, with an annual average temperature of 12-32℃. The temperature in Central China varies greatly, with an annual average temperature of1-14℃. The eastern part has a tropical rainforest climate, with an average annual temperature of 24-35℃. The average temperature in the capital is 15-25℃. The annual average precipitation is less than 50 mm in the west, less than 250 mm in the middle and more than 2000 mm in the east.
Population: 27.22 million (2005). Indians account for 4 1%, Indo-Europeans account for 36%, whites account for 19%, and other races account for 4%. Spanish is the official language, and Quechua, Imara and more than 30 other Indian languages are spoken in some areas. 96% of the residents believe in Catholicism.
Capital: Lima, population 7865438+6700 (2005).
Administrative region: China is divided into 24 provinces, 1 municipality directly under the central government (Kayao District). The names of the provinces are as follows: Amazon, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanca Villikka, Vanuco, Ica, Hu Ning, La Libertad, Lan Bajk, lima province, loretto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua and Pasco.
Female traffic police in Lima (July 2004).
Lima began to choose female traffic police from 1999, and now almost all traffic police in the city have changed.
Female.
Brief history: Indians lived in ancient times. 1 1 century, Indians established the Inca Empire in the plateau area, with city of cuzco as its capital. 15-65438+ Inca civilization, one of the ancient American civilizations, was formed in the early 6th century. 1533 became a Spanish colony. 1535 established Lima city, 1544 established Peruvian governor's district, which became the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America. On July 28th, 182 1 declared its independence and established the Republic of Peru. Bolivia and Peru merged in 1835, called Peru-Bolivia Confederation. The Confederacy collapsed in 1839. Slavery was abolished in 1854. From 1879 to 1883, Peru joined Bolivia and Chile in the "Pacific War" for the origin of saltpetre. After Peru's defeat, Chile seized Tarapaca province, the world's largest producer of saltpeter, and took control of Tuhenna and Allica provinces in Peru. 1929 Peru recovered Tacna province through peaceful negotiations between the two sides. 1933 border war with Colombia, secretly defeated. 1948 10 year 10 month, Austria launched a military coup. Belaunde Terry of the People's Action Party was elected president. 1On October 3rd, Lieutenant General Belasco became president after a coup. 1On August 29th, 975, General Morales took over the political power. 1977 announced "returning the government to the people". Felipe Castle Royal Felipe Castle in Peru-Witness of Peru's History Cuzco, the ancient capital of Peru Plateau, has designated March 30th as "Servant's Day" every year.
Politics: The current Constitution came into effect 1993 12 3 1. The constitution stipulates that the president can be re-elected for one term and can be re-elected every other term; Add the first and second vice presidents, and change the two houses of Congress into a unicameral system; Terrorists can be sentenced to death, etc. 5438+065438+In June 2000, the secret congress passed an amendment to the Constitution, stipulating that the president could not be re-elected. Parliament is called Congress. The unicameral Congress has legislative and supervisory functions. The term of office of members is five years, and they can be re-elected.
Peru in national costume
Girls dance traditional dances.
Economy: Peru is a traditional agricultural and mining country, and its economy is at a medium level in Latin America. Rich in minerals and self-sufficient in oil. The secret mining industry is rich in resources and is one of the world's 12 largest mineral countries. Mainly copper, lead, zinc, silver, iron and petroleum. The reserves of bismuth and vanadium rank first in the world, copper ranks third, and silver and zinc rank fourth. At present, the proven oil reserves are 400 million barrels and natural gas is 7 1000 billion cubic feet. The forest coverage rate is 58%, covering an area of 7,765,438+10,000 hectares, second only to Brazil in South America. Water power and marine resources are extremely rich. The secret industry is mainly processing and assembly. Secret is also a major producer of fish meal and fish oil in the world. Peru is the birthplace of Inca culture and is rich in tourism resources. The main tourist attractions are Lima Plaza, Toretta Gelai Palace, Gold Museum, Cuzco City, Machu Picchu ruins and so on. Currency: Sol
China archway at the entrance of Lima Chinatown. Lima Chinatown is located in Paruro Street in the center of Lima, Peru. This is the largest Chinese settlement in the country.
Press and publication: There are more than 20 kinds of newspapers and periodicals in China, among which 1 1 is published in Lima, mainly including Business Daily, Express, El Pais, Peru and Sun. The main political journals are masked weekly, please listen, yes. Peruvian news agency and Andean news agency are official news agencies. There are 1 107 radio stations in China, all of which are private except one national radio station. The influential radio stations are: National Radio, santa rosa Radio, Peruvian Program Radio, Unity Radio and United Radio. There are 74 TV stations in China, of which 57 are transmitting stations and 17 is relay stations. Seven TV stations are national TV stations, and the rest are commercial TV stations.
Diplomacy: Pursuing a democratic, active and independent foreign policy, the priority tasks are: consolidating democracy, human rights, democratic security, regional integration, trade and investment, caring for Peruvian expatriates, internal restructuring and a new foreign cultural policy. Peru advocates following the norms of international law, the Charter of the United Nations and the Pan-American system, promoting international peace and security and respecting the universal value of human rights. Emphasize that diplomacy serves economic development. Attach importance to developing relations with neighboring countries and other Latin American countries and actively participate in the process of regional integration. Strengthen relations with industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada and the European Union, as well as Asia-Pacific countries. We advocate strengthening international cooperation in the fields of drug control, counter-terrorism, anti-corruption and poverty eradication.