Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city with a history of thousands of years. Beijing was the capital of five dynasties in history. During the 800 years since the Jin Dynasty, many magnificent palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and mausoleums in China. Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, was originally a palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors lived. The magnificent building perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the whole world, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The Temple of Heaven is famous at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite architecture. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties "worship heaven" and "pray for the valley". It is the largest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China and a precious heritage of world architectural art. The Summer Palace is a famous tourist attraction in Beijing. Yuanmingyuan is the most famous imperial garden in China. It enjoys a high reputation in the history of Chinese and foreign gardens and has high artistic value. Known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". The Ming Tombs are the largest imperial tombs in Beijing, with 13 Ming Tombs, especially the Ming Tombs excavated in modern times, which are huge and spectacular.

temple

Religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existing famous ones are Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, niujie Worship Temple, etc. The Lama Temple of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), the Catholic Church of Forty Stores, the Catholic Church of Wangfujing, etc. Christian Gangwa Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc. Modern standard Mandarin in China is based on Beijing dialect.

Yanjing Eighth National Congress

Eight scenic spots in Yanjing refer to the eight old landscapes in Beijing, including Jimen Smoke Tree (West Tucheng), Lugou Xiaoyue (Lugou Bridge), Jintai Zhao Xi (Jintai Road), Qiongdao Chunyin (Beihai Park), Juyong Diecui (Badaling), Taiyou Autumn Wind (Zhongnanhai), Yuquan Tu Tu (Yuquan Mountain) and Xishan Qingxue (Xiangshan and Xishan). The Eight Scenes in Beijing were first mentioned in the ancient book Ming Chang Yi in the Jin Dynasty. Later, the Eight Scenes of Yanjing were mentioned in local chronicles such as Wanbu Miscellanies (Ming) and Chronicle of Chen Yuan (Qing). The early Eight Scenes are slightly different from the old age. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong personally presided over the revision of the Eight Scenes of Yanjing and ordered the monument to be built for the Eight Scenes of Yanjing.

Beijing opera

Peking Opera is the quintessence of China and is deeply loved by the people in Beijing. Walking on the streets of Beijing, you can often hear cadence jokes coming from the roadside. The origin of Beijing Opera can be traced back to several ancient local dramas. 1790, the four major local operas in Anhui-Sanqing, Sixi, Chungong and Chunchun-were performed in Beijing and achieved unprecedented success. Huiban often cooperates with artists in Hubei, so a new kind of drama was born, which is based on the Hui tune "Huang Er" and the Han tune "Xipi" and combines the essence of local dramas such as Kunqu Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Bangzi. This is Beijing Opera. In the course of 200 years' development, Beijing opera is more and more like Beijing in lyrics, intonation and rhythm. The erhu, Jinghu and other musical instruments used also integrate the characteristics of many ethnic groups and eventually become a mature art. Beijing opera is an art that combines singing, dancing, martial arts, music, art and literature. It is similar to western opera, so it is called "Beijing Opera" by westerners. In addition to Beijing opera, Beijing also has double reed, cross talk, storytelling, rhyme and drum, etc., all of which are national quintessence.

alley

Hutong is one of the most distinctive houses in Beijing, which originated in Yuan Dynasty. The word "Hutong" means "small street" in Mongolian. There are more than 7,000 hutongs scattered all over Beijing, and each hutong has an anecdote. The names of hutongs are varied, and some are named after characters, such as Wen Prime Minister Hutong; Some are named after markets and commodities, such as Goldfish Hutong; Some of them are named in Beijing dialect, such as Huluguan Hutong. After investigation, the oldest hutong in Beijing is Sanmiao Street, which has a history of more than 900 years. The longest hutong is the east-west Jiao Min Lane, with a total length of 6.5 miles. The shortest hutong is no more than ten meters long; The narrowest alley is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area of Qianmen, which is only 0.7 meters wide. Nanluoguxiang, located in Dongcheng District, has now become one of the eight characteristic commercial streets in Beijing, with many foreign friends. The Ming and Qing style buildings and various bars on both sides of hutong add a lot of color to Beijing.

Siheyuan; siheyuan;?quadrangle?dwellings

Siheyuan is a courtyard surrounded by houses in the southeast and northwest, and the outer wall of the courtyard forms the side wall of the hutong. The north room in the hospital is the main room, and the east and west sides are wing rooms. Apart from the gate, there are no windows or passages connected with the hutong. Siheyuan, a traditional residence in old Beijing, is quiet and closed. The former residences and palaces of celebrities scattered in urban areas are generally more authentic quadrangles, such as Gongwangfu in Qianhai West Street. In recent years, there are more and more high-rise buildings in Beijing, but few quadrangles. Now there are only two relatively complete quadrangles in the Second Ring Road.

Central axis

The central axis of Beijing is to point out and clarify the central axis of Beijing, and Beijing's urban planning has the characteristics of symmetry with Miyagi as the center. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, Di 'anmen, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. From Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; Donghuamen and Xihuamen; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: Beijing's unique grand order is produced by the establishment of this central axis. Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'anmen Gate were all demolished after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Yongdingmen Gate Tower was rebuilt in recent years.

City walls and moats

Beijing City is the general name of the capital defense buildings in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of China. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including city walls, gates, urns, watchtowers, enemy platforms, moats and many other facilities. It was once the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the different grades and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four gates of Miyagi (called six), four gates of Imperial City (called six or seven), nine gates of inner city and seven gates of outer city in Beijing. There is a folk saying that there are nine doors inside and seven doors outside. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was gradually demolished. Except for Miyagi, only Tiananmen Square was retained, and only Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen archway, Southeast Corner and Chongwenmen were left in the inner city. All the outer cities were destroyed and only Yongdingmen was rebuilt.

Jingwei snacks

Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety, exquisite materials and fine production, and are famous far and near. "Du Men Zhu Zhi Ci" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The three big money sell flowers, cut cakes, and have a bowl of sweet porridge in the morning before eating tea and noodles; Sweet-eared frozen fruit fried cake, baked sesame seed cake hanging on the stove loves to nest, and the fork that has just been fired is called Bobo. The wonton of steamed dumplings is full of vegetables, and the newly added dumplings are good ... "These snacks are sold at temple fairs or street fairs, and people will come across them by accident, which is vividly called" eating "in old Beijing.

Bean juice-a delicious food that is difficult to swallow

Crispy bean flour-handle it gently and swallow it slowly.

Sour plum soup-the "ancestor" of soda.

Tea soup without tea leaves

Xiaowotou-the "farmhouse meal" eaten in the palace

Enema-not "lavage"

Deep-fried belly-not "fried"

Poria cocos cake-both beautiful and nourishing

Preserved Fruit and Preserved Fruit —— Ancient "Four Seasons Fresh Fruit"

Sugar-coated haws-Spring Festival is announced in sweet and sour taste.

Aiwowo-nice, good story.

Pea yellow-you want to eat it when you eat it.

"Rolling on the Donkey"-No Donkey

Fried liver-not "fried"

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

Beijing is rich in tourism resources, with more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, including the world's largest Forbidden City, the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Royal Garden Beihai, the Royal Garden Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan, as well as Badaling, Mutianyu Great Wall and Gongwangfu, the world's largest quadrangle. There are 7,309 cultural relics in the city, including 6 world heritage sites, 2 national key scenic spots, a famous Chinese historical and cultural village (Mangxia Village) 1, 99 national key cultural relics protection units (including the Beijing section of the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal) and 326 municipal cultural relics protection units.

The main attractions in Beijing are Tiananmen Square, Great Hall of the People, Museum of Chinese History, Monument to the People's Heroes, Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Beihai, Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan, Great Wall (Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall), Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, CCTV Tower, Wangfujing Commercial Street, National Stadium (Bird's Nest), National Swimming Center (Water Cube) and so on.

Nine, entertainment and leisure

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See entry: Beijing Hutong, a specialty of Beijing.

Beijing's cultural life is rich and colorful, and various performances and international exhibitions emerge one after another. Beijing Opera, known as the "national quintessence" of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Its gorgeous costumes, beautiful singing and ever-changing facial makeup are impressive. The famous Chang 'an Grand Theatre, Huguang Guild Hall, Laoshe Teahouse, China Peking Opera Theatre, Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre and National Grand Theatre all have traditional Peking Opera performances. Beijing's nightlife is also very colorful. Houhai, Sanlitun and Nanluoguxiang Bar Street are all good places to go.

Siheyuan is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrow alley formed between quadrangles with blue tiles and gray bricks is the famous old Beijing Hutong. The most distinctive feature of Beijing is the Hutong Tour in Shichahai. Riding a jingling tricycle, crossing a winding alley and entering a charming quadrangle, you can truly appreciate the charm of old Beijing.

Customs and specialties

Beijing is one of the four ancient capitals in China. There are many local folk customs:

Beijing snack

Beijing opera

Tell stories in Beijing dialect, accompanied by drums.

crosstalk

modern drama

Iron plate speed reading

cloisonné

ivory carving

lacquer

Sai Guo Guo he Guo Guo long

Sugar blower

Tomatoes on a stick

dough

travel

There are 6 world heritages, 2 national key scenic spots, 1 national historical and cultural city, 1 famous Chinese historical and cultural village, 99 national key cultural relics protection units (including the Beijing section of the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal) and 326 municipal cultural relics protection units in Beijing.

World Heritage: Great Wall, Forbidden City, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, Ming Tombs.

National key scenic spots: Badaling (Ming Tombs) and Shihua Cave.

National historical and cultural city: Beijing

Famous Chinese historical and cultural village: Ganxia Village, Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District.

Modern culture

798 Art Zone

Beijing music festival

Candy Club (Tango)

goods

dollface

Banana dance club

Tang Hui

Sanlitun Bar Street

Houhai bar street

Lost in Beijing

Subway passengers

Beijing fashion map

marketable

Cultural attractions

Temple of Heaven at Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace (World Cultural Heritage, 1998)

Forbidden City (also known as Forbidden City, UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, 1987)

Shichahai

Badaling Great Wall (World Cultural Heritage, 1987)

Summer Palace (World Cultural Heritage, 1998)

Old Summer Palace

lugou bridge

The Ming Tombs (World Cultural Heritage, 2003)

Mutianyu section of the Great Wall

Simatai Great Wall

Jinshanling Great Wall

Great Wall Juyongguan

Jiankou Great Wall

Gongwangfu garden

Peking University (formerly Shi Jing University Hall)

Hutong (Mongolian: Street)

Beijing Zoo

beijing botanical garden

Panjiayuan Antique Market

Observatory (star-watching station in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties)

Deshengmen

Zhengyangmen

religion

China is a country with freedom of religious belief and fully respects every religion. The religions in Beijing are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Temples, temples, temples and churches in Beijing are places where religious circles and believers conduct religious activities. The most famous ones are: Catholic East Hall, Catholic South Hall, Gangwacheng Christian Church, Chongwenmen Christian Church, niujie Mosque, Dongsi Mosque, Guangji Temple, Guanghua Temple, Baiyun Temple and Yonghe Palace.

Buddhism: There are mainly Tanzhe Temple (the oldest temple in Beijing, built 800 years ago), Yunju Temple, Jietai Temple, Fayuan Temple and Guobao Temple.

Taoism: Baiyun Temple (Quanzhen Road) and Dongyue Temple (Zhengyi Road)

Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism): Lamaism Temple

Islam: niujie Worship Temple, Dongzhimenwai Mosque and Dongsi Mosque.

Catholicism: Xishiku Catholic Church, Xuanwumen Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, Xizhimen Catholic Church and Dongjiaominxiang Catholic Church.

Christianity: Chongwenmen Church, Gangwacheng Church, zhushikou Church, Kuanjie Church, Haidian Church, etc.

Orthodox Church: St Nicholas Church (relic)

go shopping

There are 100 large and medium-sized shopping malls in Beijing. Wangfujing Street, Qianmen Dashilan and Xidan Commercial Street are traditional business districts in Beijing. International Trade Mall, Oriental Xintiandi and Zhongguancun Plaza are newly emerging commercial giants in recent years. These shopping centers let you enjoy shopping.

If you are interested in antiques, you can visit Liulichang or Panjiayuan's antique city. If you have a soft spot for foreign trade clothing, don't miss Xiushui Street and Yaxiu Clothing Wholesale Market. Buying special products and souvenirs will also bring fun to your travel life. Cloisonne, jade and silk embroidery have a long history. Folk handicrafts, such as clay figurines, Peking Opera masks, kites and paper-cuts, are excellent gifts for relatives and friends.