One, four purposes and five functions
Jiashike's logistics system mainly includes three parts, namely, the logistics in the stage of commodity purchase, the logistics in the store and the logistics after sales to customers. Jiashike's logistics management aims can be summarized as four points: to ensure the stability of commodity supply; Strive to reduce the circulation cost; Make customers feel satisfied; Conducive to environmental protection. Jiashike's logistics system consists of logistics management system (software) and logistics infrastructure (hardware). Its functions mainly include the following five points.
Distribution transit function: In the past, wholesalers and manufacturers mainly delivered goods directly to stores, which caused many problems. Every large retail enterprise deals with thousands of suppliers. If they all send cars to the store for delivery, it will not only cause waste, but also cause traffic congestion around the store. In addition, the distribution is scattered among stores, and stores can't grasp the arrival time and quantity. Therefore, in order to improve logistics efficiency, Jiashike has established distribution centers with centralized receiving, inspection, distribution, pricing and distribution functions in various places since 1974. Manufacturers and wholesalers are responsible for sending all kinds of goods to the distribution center, separating all kinds of goods by store in the distribution center, and sending the divided goods to all stores regularly and quantitatively. In addition, because the distribution center can handle all kinds of bills and other businesses centrally, it is helpful to improve work efficiency.
Warehouse function: Jiashike's logistics center generally does not have a warehouse. In recent years, due to the increasing number of imported goods and self-developed goods, Jiashike has established some logistics centers with warehousing functions in various places in order to uniformly keep and distribute such special goods. These logistics centers have warehouse facilities, which can reserve a certain number of goods according to supply and demand, and can also change packaging according to the requirements of shops. Imported goods and self-developed goods are generally put here. Some distribution centers also have warehousing functions.
Processing function: In order to reduce the investment of processing equipment in various stores and improve the efficiency of commodity processing, Jiashike has established a processing and distribution center since the high-speed growth period to process and supply food for stores. For example, all kinds of meat, aquatic products and cooked food are processed, packaged, priced, delivered and distributed by these processing centers.
Service function: Jiashike store distributes some furniture and household appliances, such as TV, washing machine, refrigerator and air conditioner. , need to provide services such as delivery, installation and maintenance. In order to meet the needs of customers, Jiashike has established a network of service stations in the country by way of business entrustment. Some have warehousing function, which can ensure that the goods can be delivered to customers the next day after placing an order.
Gift service function: Japanese enterprises, organizations and individuals have the habit of giving gifts and greetings to customers, relatives and friends at the end of each summer. In these two seasons, the business volume of retail enterprises in the distribution of gifts is relatively large. To this end, Jiashike has established a logistics center with gift service function throughout the country. These centers not only reserve a certain amount of goods, but also carry out centralized packaging according to the orders received by various stores, and express delivery companies provide distribution services.
Second, leverage others, manage yourself, and keep logistics unified.
There are 258 comprehensive supermarket stores directly and indirectly operated by Jiashike. These shops are distributed all over the country, and most of them are concentrated in the metropolitan area, the central area (around Nagoya) and the Gyeonggi area (Osaka and Kyoto). Food, such as vegetables, meat, tofu, etc. , run by local stores are basically purchased locally, and about 80% of suppliers of clothing, department stores, household appliances and other commodities are concentrated in the above three regions. Jiashike established its own logistics network according to the distribution of shops and suppliers and traffic conditions. Jiashike's logistics system currently has 6 distribution processing centers with processing and warehousing functions, 22 regional centers, 16 county service stations with distribution and maintenance functions, and 5 gift service centers.
Almost all the warehouses, sites and equipment used in Jiashike's logistics center are provided by logistics enterprises, and generally they are not invested in the construction of logistics facilities. But Jiashike is responsible for the management of the whole logistics system, providing information systems and information equipment. Jiashike's logistics network only serves Jiashike's direct stores and stores of holding companies, and does not provide logistics services to the outside world. From the experience of Japan, under the condition of market economy, the competition among retail enterprises is fierce, and the purchase channels, product development, product composition and price setting among enterprises are different. Logistics system is not only a commodity circulation system, but also an information circulation system. Many enterprises use the same logistics center. The problem is that they can't solve the confidential management of various bills and the coordination between different logistics systems, and the requirements of different companies' commodity structure and delivery time are different. Therefore, in reality, public logistics centers almost do not exist. Other large retail enterprises in Japan, like Jiashike, have their own logistics systems. When developing supermarket chain operation, we should consider establishing a logistics center with distribution function when we have three or four stores. When you have 30 stores, you should consider establishing a processing and distribution center.
A large number of freight vehicles that are responsible for delivering goods to Jiashike all over the country use the font name of "JUSCO", but they are not Jiashike's own fleet, and their ownership belongs to transportation professional companies. The operators of each logistics center are independent legal persons and are responsible for their own profits and losses. Jiashike is the organizer and manager of logistics system, not the owner of logistics facilities. It can be said that Jiashike's logistics system is a consortium with Jiashike as the chief commander and many professional logistics enterprises working together. Jiashike opens new stores every year, develops new formats, constantly adjusts the logistics system, finds new logistics partners according to geographical location, traffic conditions, commodity composition and other factors, and gradually increases new logistics outlets. About 70% of the goods managed by Jiashike are supplied through its own logistics center, and the rest are supplied by manufacturers or wholesalers. All kinds of logistics centers play their respective roles in Jiashike's logistics network, cooperate with each other, support the business activities of Jiashike's stores in the background, and play an important role in logistics support.
In the information age, especially since the 1990s, intelligent economy has sprung up all over the world, and large Japanese retail enterprises such as Jiashike have made new progress in their understanding of logistics. First, more and more attention is paid to the application of information technology, second, more and more attention is paid to strengthening the construction of strategic logistics management system, and third, the management of logistics centers is gradually becoming comprehensive and systematic. The traditional concept of "logistics" is gradually replaced by the concept of "strategic logistics". The meaning of "strategic logistics" is that enterprises manage the flow and inventory of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products and the plans and activities of related information in the whole process from production to consumption in order to meet the needs of customers. Its main activities include: customer service, demand forecast, information exchange, inventory management, loading and unloading arrangement, order management, warehouse location, storage and transportation, purchase acceptance, commodity packaging, after-sales service, return treatment, waste treatment and so on. Jiashike logistics management system is actually a strategic logistics management system.