Sichuan Army was a warlord army in Sichuan during the Republic of China. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing government compiled and trained the Sichuan New Army, which became one of the sources of the Sichuan Army. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and warlords appeared in Sichuan. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Deng Xihou was appointed as the director of Chuankang appeasement office, acting as the chairman of Sichuan Province. In 37 years of the Republic of China, Chuankang appeasement office was abolished, and Deng Xihou became the full-time chairman of Sichuan Province.

In April, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Wang as the chairman of Sichuan Province. After Wang came to power, he implemented contingency plans, monopolized the power of the provincial government, used the power of the provincial security commander to rectify and expand peace preservation corps, and set up "self-defense groups" in counties and cities.

After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the original 22nd Army was handed over to Sun Zhen after Deng Xihou returned to Sichuan, and the Huaihai Campaign was moved forward to Sun, where it was completely annihilated. Wang Zuxu's 72nd and 44th armies were also wiped out. The 20th Army was wiped out in the battle of crossing the river. 2 1 Army retreated to Taiwan Province Province in the Battle of Shanghai.