Confucius said, "Zang Wenzhong knows courtesy! Fu Qi, the father of Xia, rebelled and worshipped, and Fu Zhi also stopped. Burning firewood in Austria, the sacrifices of husband and old woman are also put in pots and respected in bottles. Ceremony is also a matter of the body. A gentleman who is unprepared is called an adult. If you don't set it properly, you are still unprepared. 」
There are big and small ceremonies, obvious and subtle. The big ones can't be damaged, the small ones can't be benefited, the obvious ones can't be hidden, and the small ones can't be big. Therefore, "Jing Li" is three hundred, and "Quli" is three thousand, which is one of them. People who don't enter the house but don't go home. Gentlemen are also polite, and they fish when they are exhausted. He is respectful and sincere, beautiful and sincere. The gentleman respects the ceremony, including going straight, bending and killing, waiting, begging, pushing and broadcasting, writing, not letting go and letting go. The gift of three generations, people * * *. Whether vegetarian or green, summer creates yin. Zhou sat on the body and ordered: its ceremony is also, and its way is also; Li Xia's body was sacrificed; Yin sat dead. Zhou Lu paid six bodies, and Ceng Zi said, "Zhou Li is still alive! 」
The gentleman said: those who are close to human feelings are not the most sincere. Suburban bloody case, big scandal, three sacrifices, one sacrifice. Therefore, a gentleman is polite, but not good at it. This is a beginning. So be sure to meet, or it will be embarrassing. Three words, three words, let's do it, otherwise it's already a frown. Therefore, if Lu people want to have a relationship with God, they must first have a relationship with Lu Palace. Jin people will have a relationship with the river, and they must first have a relationship with the evil pool; Qi people will have a relationship with Mount Tai, and they must first have a relationship with the forest. March, seven days to quit, three days to stay, be cautious. Therefore, the ceremony is forbidden, the music is step by step, and it is warm.
Those who are polite, reverse the original, repair the ancient, and never forget the original. Therefore, killing people is not a letter, and the incident is fun. The use of wine, the mysterious wine remains. The use of cutting knives is expensive. Yan Guan's security, but the design of the manuscript. Therefore, the ceremony of the first king must have masters, and you can learn more.
The gentleman said: those who have no discipline must observe things. If you want to see things without ceremony, you will get them. Pretend to be impolite and be respectful. If you speak rudely, you will believe it. Therefore, "a polite person will be grateful for things." It is the gift of the former king, which is meaningful because of its attributes. If you pretend to be a big event, it will be in the right time, because it will be in the sun and the moon sooner or later, because the hills are high and the mountains are down. Therefore, when the weather is rainy, the gentleman is full of sorrow. Therefore, the former Wang Xianhui is respectful and capable; Put it on the table, the convener swore. Therefore, it is because of heaven, because of the earth, because famous mountains ascend to heaven, because of the earth, and the emperor is in the suburbs. Ascending to the sky, and the phoenix falling turtle dragon is fake; The emperor is in the suburbs, but when it rains and blows, it is hot and cold. Therefore, the saints stand in the south and rule the world.
Heaven teaches that saints have virtue. Above the temple, it is respected in the field and sacrificed to the west. Under the temple, the county drum is in the west and should be in the east. You are in the market and your wife is in the room. Daming was born in the east and the moon was born in the west, which is the division of yin and yang and the position of husband and wife. Your majesty worships elephants in the west, and your wife worships elephants in the east. Rites are moving, joy is moving, and on the road. Polite people are born; He who enjoys himself is enjoying himself. Therefore, the rituals of the previous dynasties were mainly based on the preservation of things, and the cultivation of music was mainly based on Zhi Tao. Therefore, we can see its ceremony and music, and we can know how to control the chaos. Chi said: "A gentleman's talent is great, and he knows his skills by observing his tools; Look at its hair and know its knowledge. Therefore, as the saying goes, "A gentleman treats others. 」
Respect in the ancestral hall! Your relatives are leading the animals, and the doctor is boasting about coins. Your relatives make sacrifices, and your wife recommends angels. Your relatives cut sacrifices, and your wife recommended wine. Qing, the doctor follows the king and the wife follows the wife. The cave is respectful and loyal, not greedy. Sacrifice to the court, blood hair to the room, soup to the hall. All three letters are different, but they are pursued but can't be obtained. Sacrifice to the church is nothing more than sacrifice, so say "so what?" ? What about this? "One is to offer quality, the third is to offer products, the fifth is to offer inspection, and the seventh is to offer god. This is the king's business! Three kinds of fish wax, the delicacy of Kyushu Island in the four seas; The recommendation of green beans is also kind. Neijin, Shihe also. Add jade to the silk, and respect virtue. Turtles come first, and prophets come last. Gold is second, and love is also to be seen. Dan painted silk and bamboo arrows with * * * money. The rest of the impermanent goods, each belonging to its own country, have a far-reaching impact. As soon as it comes out, it will be sent in summer, covered with heavy gifts. Worship and respect the emperor in the suburbs. The sacrifices in the ancestral temple are extremely kind. Bereavement, loyalty to also. It is very kind to prepare a service device. It is of great significance for guests to spend money. Therefore, a gentleman should observe the way of righteousness and be polite.
The gentleman said: I am willing to be peaceful and white; Loyal people can learn manners. If there is no loyal minister, the ceremony is not empty. The important thing is to get what you get. Confucius said, "Reciting 300 poems is not enough for one. A gift is not enough. A big gift is not enough for a long trip. Great travel equipment is not enough for the emperor. " Don't speak lightly! It's Ji's slaughter. Sacrifice, catch in the dark and sacrifice, the day is insufficient, followed by candles. Although they have strong ability and a respectful heart, they are all tired. It is disrespectful to let a company limp on the sacrifice. Sacrifice on the other day, make peace with your son, pay the household affairs, pay the order in the hall, act honestly, and retreat from the DPRK. Confucius listened and said, "Who knows the ceremony?" ?
Using ceremony as a tool can lead to "great harmony" in translation. And this situation is the performance of Shengde. Etiquette can eliminate evil and enhance the beauty of essence. When it is applied to people, it can do anything. For people, the ceremony is like the green husk outside bamboo arrows and the solidity inside the pine and cypress. Only bamboo arrows and pine and cypress have this festival in the world, so it is always lush from beginning to end all year round, and the branches and leaves never wither. A gentleman is polite, just like that. He can not only get along well with people outside, but also love people inside. Therefore, people turn to his kindness, and even ghosts and gods are willing to accept his sacrifice.
The ceremony formulated by the late king has both internal essence and external form. Faith is the internal essence of ceremony, and ceremony is the external form of ceremony. Without the inner essence, the ceremony cannot be established; Without external form, the ceremony cannot be carried out. Rites should be things that conform to the weather, geographical location, ghosts and gods, people's hearts and everything. The four seasons have different creatures, the land has different production, the five senses have different functions, and everything has different uses. Therefore, out-of-season animals and plants are not local specialties, so Mr. Wang takes them as sacrifices. Even if it is brought, ghosts and gods will not enjoy it. Living in the mountains, but taking fish and turtles produced in the water as gifts; Living by the water, but taking Lu Yong produced in the mountains as a gift. This way is considered impolite by gentlemen. Therefore, we must determine the basic principle of giving gifts with money according to the number of domestic products. The number of gifts depends on the size of the country; The thickness of a gift depends on the year. Therefore, even in famine years, people are not afraid. The reason is that the monarch is very measured in creating abundance.
When the former king made gifts, he first considered conforming to the environment of the times, secondly conforming to ethics, secondly discriminating, secondly conforming to human feelings, and finally commensurate with his status. For example, Yao passed the throne to Shun, and Shun passed the throne to Yu, which was the era of abdication; Shang Tang's banishment to the summer and Zhou Wuwang's crusade against Yin are revolutionary times. This is the environmental problem of the times. The Book of Songs says, "Zhou Wenwang didn't build Fengyi in a hurry to realize his wishes, but to remember the achievements of his ancestors and show his filial piety." It means that we have to do this because of the situation. Sacrificing gods and ancestors embodies the way of father and son and the meaning of monarch and minister. This is a smooth question. Sacrifice to social cherry blossoms, mountains and rivers, and ghosts and gods, with different objects and ways. This is a personal problem. A family should have a considerable expense for a funeral. As relatives and friends, they should also give gifts to the funeral. This is an appropriate topic. Although doctors and scholars only used a lamb or a pig as a sacrifice, in the end, everyone who helped them got a sacrifice; Although the sacrifices of emperors and vassals were all offered by cows, sheep and pumps, in the end, everyone still had a sacrifice of meat, and there would be no surplus. It's called being commensurate with your status. Governors can own turtles and regard them as treasures; You can have laurel and think it is auspicious. The doctor's house is not like this. The gate must not be built into a palace valve. This is also a question of identity.
Etiquette is sometimes more expensive. For example, there are seven temples of the Emperor, five princes, three doctors and one scholar. For example, the son of heaven can have 26 dishes for dinner, Qi Huangong only has 16 dishes, and the princes only have 12 dishes, with eight doctors and six doctors. For another example, when a vassal visits in person, he can bring seven followers, and the luxury car presented by the host country is as many as seven prisons; The vassal's Qing can only take five attendants when visiting, and the police car presented by the main country has only five supervisors. For example, the emperor's cushion has five floors, the vassal has only three floors and the doctor has only two floors. For another example, the son of heaven died and was buried seven months later. When buried, Yin and Kang used them five times and eight times respectively. Five months later, the princes were buried. At the time of burial, fungus and wood were used three times each, and the baby used it six times. Doctors are buried in March, there are two kinds of wormwood and four kinds of babies. These are all examples of more expensive.
Gifts are sometimes not too expensive. For example, the son of heaven goes on patrol without a deputy. The son of heaven only used a cow to worship heaven. The emperor visited the vassal, who only treated him as a calf. Another example is that the princes are engaged to each other, and they only use the bar to entertain guests, instead of setting dishes in large plates and small bowls; To hire a doctor, the host country should not only have wine, but also prepare food. For example, when the emperor eats, he says he is full, so he should persuade lazy people to continue eating. And the princes eat, eat two and say they are full; Doctors and doctors eat, and they are full in three bites; As for manual workers, eating is not so gentle. Count when you are full. For another example, the big grid used by the emperor to worship heaven only uses a circle of countless tassels as horse ornaments, while the second grid used for ordinary things uses five circles of countless tassels as horse ornaments. For example, Zhang Gui is the most precious jade, which can be given as a gift alone; Hu Heng's position is second only to Zhang Gui's jade, so it can't be given as a gift alone, but must be given as a reward with wine. Ghosts and gods are more noble than people, but only one layer of mat is used for sacrifice. Another example is that when the princes were in the dynasty, the number of doctors was small, and the monarch bowed to them all the time, while the number of scholars was large, and the monarch bowed to them collectively. These are the less important examples.
Gifts are sometimes very expensive. For example, the size of the palace, the size of the utensils, the thickness of the coffin support, and the size of the tomb are all very important. However, in some cases, small is more important. For example, when offering sacrifices to ancestral temples, the venerable person uses a smaller knight as the corpse, while the lowly person uses a larger one as the corpse; After the body entered, the body was sacrificed for libation; The host is modest, holding up the horn cup and drinking. When the Baron Viscount of Wang Zizhong entertained the guests, he hit the biggest wine vessel and left it outside the door. The pot is a large wine container and is placed in the door. Tile is the youngest, and it is used by the monarch and guests when they are drunk. These are small and more important examples.
Courtesy is sometimes high. For example, the hall of the son of heaven is nine feet high, the vassal is seven feet high, the doctor is five feet high and the scholar is three feet high. For another example, only the gates of the emperor and the prince are tall palace gates, and doctors and scholars are absolutely not allowed. These are all examples of attaching importance to height. Sometimes, manners are low. For example, when the emperor offered sacrifices to heaven, the ceremony was not held on the high altar, but held under the altar to sweep the floor. For another example, emperors and generals don't need trays for their wine glasses, doctors use trays for their wine glasses, and scholars use goblets for their wine glasses. This is an example of attaching importance to low value.
Gifts are sometimes based on decorations. For example, there are nine patterns on the dragon robe worn by the emperor, seven, five or three patterns on the sacrificial clothes of the princes, and the doctor has only one blue-black pattern. As for the clothes worn by literati, there is no pattern, the upper body is mysterious, and the lower body is pale crimson. Another example is the crown worn by the Emperor of Heaven, which is made of silk rope interwoven with bamboo and green. It is used to wear jade and has twelve pendants, while the crown of princes only hangs nine, seven of them are doctors, five are doctors and three are scholars. This is an example of attaching importance to cultural ornaments. Sometimes simplicity is the most important thing. For example, the big fur worn by the son of heaven is not exposed, and there is no need to pretend it in front of his father. The Da Gui used by the Emperor of Heaven is not carved, nor is the gravy used as a superior sacrifice seasoned. The large lattice for sacrifice is simple and simple, with only a layer of pu mat on it. The bull-shaped wine statue is covered with coarse cloth, and the spoon is only made of natural wood. This is a simple example.
Confucius said, "The ceremony should not be light. There are many kinds of gifts, and the reduction cannot be increased, and the increase cannot be reduced. " That's what it means: be careful. Why are there many, big and high ceremonies? Literature is valuable because it is deliberately displayed to the outside world. The virtue of the king is carried forward, everything is popularized, and the things he commands are complicated and all-encompassing. Like this, can we not value more, bigger, higher and more cultured? So gentlemen are happy to show off to the outside world. The reason why ceremony is valued as small, small, humble and plain is because it is intended to express inner virtue. There is a subtle degree of inner virtue, and nothing in the world can match it. In this case, can't it be less, smaller, lower and plain? Therefore, gentlemen pay special attention to inner cultivation. Ancient saints not only paid attention to inner cultivation, but also liked to show off to the outside world. Sometimes, being small, practical and simple is the most important, and sometimes, being large, tall and educated is the most important. Therefore, when the former king made a gift, he could not give more and less, and less and more. His goal was a proportion. From this point of view, nobles above doctors use prisons as sacrifices, which is commensurate with their status. This is called ceremony; It is inappropriate for a scholar to sacrifice prison, which is called theft. As a doctor, Guan Zhong usurped the throne by carving jade and wearing a scarlet hat band. He carved a mountain-shaped pattern on the bucket arch of the living room and carved water plants on the short column of the beam. The gentleman thought it was too much, and used gifts from emperors and princes. Yan Zi of Qi is also a doctor. When he sacrificed his ancestors, the pig's trotters were too small to reach a flat bowl. He wore a washed old coat and hat and went to the Korean army. This gentleman thinks it is stingy and does not conform to the identity of a doctor. From this perspective, a gentleman's salute should not be sloppy. Because etiquette is the discipline that regulates people's lives, if the discipline is dispersed, then people's lives will be in a mess. Confucius said:' Those who use courtesy will win the battle, and sacrifice them to be blessed.' Because he deeply understood a truth, a chess piece should be commensurate. "
The gentleman said: "the original intention of sacrifice is to think of relatives, not to pray;" Sacrifice has a certain time, and it cannot be said that it is good to hold it in advance; Rituals and jade articles have certain rules, and we can't blindly pursue height; It is appropriate to hold coronation ceremony and wedding ceremony to inform ancestors, but there is no need to sacrifice separately for this purpose; Not all sacrificial offerings should pursue hypertrophy, and not all offerings should pursue quantity. Confucius said, "How can Wen Zhong be called a man who understands etiquette? Fu Bian, the ancestor of Xia Dynasty, reversed the order of offering sacrifices to ancestral temples, and as a veteran of the Four Dynasties, he did not stop it. Moreover, it is wrong for the donkey to hold a sacrifice of sowing firewood in front of the kitchen god. It should be noted that Kitchen God is an old woman who invented the cooker. When offering sacrifices to the kitchen god, just put the offering in a basin and the wine in a bottle. "
The so-called courtesy is like a person. If the body is defective, the gentleman calls him a disabled person. If the gift is not used properly, it is just like the human body is disabled. Rites are sometimes big and expensive, sometimes small and not expensive, sometimes high and literary, and sometimes dull. Don't casually reduce the heavy and light ones, don't casually increase the heavy and light ones, don't casually cover up the heavy and light ones, and don't casually decorate and heighten the ones below the level ones. Therefore, although the ceremony has 300 outlines and 3000 details, they all pursue the sincerity of one word. It's like a person entering a house, but not entering the door. Gentleman's attitude towards ceremony is sometimes to express his sincerity with less expensive, less expensive, less expensive and expensive, and sometimes with expensive, expensive, expensive and elegant. When a gentleman salutes the details, he sometimes lets his feelings be undisguised, sometimes his feelings are subject to reason, sometimes his rank is equal, sometimes his courtesy decreases in turn, sometimes he takes what he has taken and gives what he has given, sometimes he raises his standards according to reason, sometimes he imitates heaven and earth with extreme finery, sometimes he imitates heaven and earth with limited finery, and sometimes the humble follows the gifts of the nobles without taboo.
The rites of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties all run through a word of sincerity, which is followed by the people. Formally, some are black and some are white, which originated in Xia Dynasty and followed in Yin Dynasty. For example, in the process of sacrifice, the corpse driver in Xia Dynasty was always standing, the corpse driver in Yin Dynasty was always sitting, and the corpse driver in Zhou Dynasty was always sitting. Anyone who helped the sacrifice can tell the corpse driver how to maintain his dignity and persuade the corpse driver to eat and drink, and there is no fixed candidate. This etiquette was learned from the Yin Dynasty, and so was its sincerity. However, in the Zhou Dynasty, there was a ceremony in which six corpses advised each other to take turns drinking, which was not available in the Yin Dynasty. So Ceng Zi said: "Li Saturday's corpse persuaded each other to drink, just like everyone pooled their money to drink."
Ancient philosophers said: it is not the noblest sacrifice to sacrifice something close to the feelings of modern people. For example, sacrifice blood to heaven, raw meat to ancestors, half-baked meat to cherry blossoms, and cooked meat to imps. Cooked meat is a sacrifice close to modern human feelings, but it is not noble. The noblest thing is blood. Therefore, a gentleman does not express his respect for ceremony on impulse, but imitates the ancients. Therefore, when the monarchs of the two countries meet, the two sides should arrange seven attendants to take a message, otherwise it would be too simple; The guest should thank the host three times, and the host should let the guest go in three times before going to court, otherwise it would be too urgent. Therefore, if Lu people want to sacrifice to God, they should first sue the ancestral temple; If Jin people want to sacrifice to Jiang, they must first sacrifice to Naoteng River; If the people of Qi want to sacrifice Mount Tai, they must sacrifice the forest first. Sacrifice to heaven and ancestors should be carefully raised three months before the sacrifice. Ten days before the sacrifice, there should be an initial fasting for seven days, and then a strict fasting for three days before the sacrifice. It's extremely cautious. Therefore, the salute should be guided by the master of ceremonies, and the musicians should have special support and guidance, which is extremely gentle and calm.
The rules of etiquette sometimes show people's return to nature, and sometimes show people's persistence in tradition. In short, they just don't forget their roots For example, the tragic loss does not need anyone to teach, and people will naturally cry when they are sad; The participants were naturally happy when the court hosted a banquet in honor of the ministers. This is an example of returning to nature. For another example, people now regard drinking sweet wine as a wonderful enjoyment, but when offering sacrifices to the gods, a glass of water is more expensive; The sharp knife used by modern people is very suitable, but the blunt warbler knife should be used when cutting the carcass; How comfortable it is for modern people to sit on the cushion. There is a layer of pu mat below and a layer of bamboo mat above, but when offering sacrifices to heaven, only a layer of crop straw is covered on it as a mat. This is an example of adhering to tradition and attaching importance to originality. Therefore, when the first king made the ceremony, he must have taken into account the two factors of people returning to nature and following the tradition, so that future generations could follow suit and learn easily. The gentleman said, "If you have no experience in your heart, you will not understand when you observe things. If you want to observe things clearly without the help of impoliteness, it is impossible to achieve your goal. " Therefore, you can't win people's respect if you don't act according to etiquette; You can't win people's trust if you don't speak according to etiquette. So there is an old saying: courtesy is the rule of all things.
Therefore, in the past, when kings made gifts, they all gave gifts meaning according to the inherent characteristics of things. Therefore, when holding a sacrifice, we must conform to the weather, and when to sacrifice a god will never be confused; Sacrifices to the sun and the moon must be held in imitation of the sunrise in the east and the moon in the west; Sacrificing to heaven is the supreme sacrifice, so we must rely on the already high dome; Sacrificing to the ground is the most humble sacrifice, so we must rely on the already low square ze. Therefore, when the weather is favorable, a gentleman is diligent in repaying kindness. Therefore, when the ancient kings held sacrifices, they all advocated moral people, respected people with good skills, appointed talented people, selected these sages and put them in the position of sacrifice. Before fasting, they must summon people to take an oath to show disrespect. Then, they sacrificed to heaven in the dome, to the land in Fangze, to sow firewood in Mount Tai, and to worship the Emperor in Jidi in the southern suburbs. Because sowing firewood will bring good news to the sky, the phoenix will come to the instrument, and the turtle and dragon will arrive; Because the sacrifice to the Emperor of Heaven is in the southern suburbs, the weather is favorable and the heat and cold are on time. In this way, as long as the saints stand in the south when facing the DPRK, there is no need to worry, and the world will be peaceful.
Heaven shows the supreme religion, and saints have their own virtues. In the ancestral hall and class, halo statues are displayed on the east stage, and sacrificial statues and elephant statues are displayed on the west stage; Under the main hall, the hanging drum is located in the west between the two steps and should be located in the east. The monarch stood on the steps yesterday, while his wife stood in the west room. Just as the sun rises in the east and the moon rises in the west. This symbolizes a world of difference, so the position of husband and wife will be like this. The monarch walked from the east stage to the west stage, drunk on sacrifices and elephant statues, while his wife walked from the west hall to the east stage, drunk in exhaustion. Etiquette in class symbolizes the interaction between yin and yang, and drum music after class is also one after another. What a harmonious scene this is!
Ceremony is the product of tracing the origin of things, while happiness is the expression of people's happiness after success. So the former king experienced the past by making gifts and cultivated interest by having fun. Since rites and music have such a history, observing the rites and music of a country can help us understand the chaos control in this country. Peng said: "People like gentlemen are very knowledgeable." As long as they observe the artifacts, they can infer the ingenuity of the craftsmen; As long as we observe people's external performance, we can infer people's stupidity. Therefore, a gentleman is cautious about the rituals and music used to communicate with others.
The sacrificial ceremony in the ancestral hall is really touching. First of all, the monarch personally led the sacrifice into the ancestral temple, and the doctor followed closely with the jade that killed the sacrifice. Then, the monarch made his own sacrifice, and his wife presented Angeria wine. Then, the monarch cooks in person, and his wife offers wine. In the process of this salute, Dr. Qing followed closely behind the monarch, while the married woman followed closely behind her wife. When it comes to their expression, it is an unpretentious respect, a persistent loyalty, and how eager it is for ancestors to enjoy sacrifices. When you enter a temple with a sacrifice, you should first sue God for the sacrifice in court. While offering blood and meat, he also offered sacrifices to God in the room. When offering cooked meat, he also complained to God in class. These three sacrifices are not in the same place, which means asking for God without knowing his exact location. Setting sacrifices in the hall and offering sacrifices outside the temple gate is like asking, "Where is God?" ? Are you still there? "One for the gift is not exquisite enough, three for the gift is a bit interesting, five for the gift is more detailed. As for the ceremony of the seven sacrifices, it is really fascinating.
Dayu has so many sacrifices and so many tributes. I'm afraid only the emperor can have such ostentation and extravagance! Cattle, mutton, pork, fish and dried meat, including delicacies from all over the world; Sacrifices, delicacies, melons, fruits and dates are all products of good weather in the four seasons. Tributes from the governors of the four directions show obedience to the emperor; The vassal's gift to the Emperor was a bundle of silks and jewels to show his respect for the virtue of the Emperor. In the arrangement of vassal tribute, the treasure turtle ranks first, because the treasure turtle can predict the future. Secondly, gold, because we can see people's feelings. Followed by cinnabar, paint, silk, cotton wool, big bamboo, small bamboo and other daily necessities, that is to say, all the products in the world are for the emperor. The rest of the tributes have no fixed varieties. In principle, you can contribute whatever local products you have in this vassal state, which means that even things far away can be obtained by the emperor. After the ceremony, when the guests walked out of the temple gate, they played the music "Summer in Shaanxi" to show their solemnity. It is a great respect for the son of heaven to worship heaven in the southern suburbs himself. It is extremely kind to treat death as if it were life. At the funeral, the dutiful son cried bitterly, and everything came from the heart. This is extremely sincere. I tried my best to prepare clothes and funerary wares for the dead. Even if I knew it was useless, it was great love. It is extremely reasonable that the gifts used for recruitment should meet the specifications. Therefore, if a gentleman wants to observe what is benevolence and righteousness, he only needs to observe the fundamental thing of ceremony.
The gentleman said, "Sweetness is the root of five flavors, and on this basis, all flavors can be adjusted. White is the basis of five colors, and five colors can be drawn on this basis. When you understand this truth, you will know that loyalty is the basis of etiquette, and only loyal people can learn etiquette. If you are not a loyal person, Li will not follow you. From this point of view, courtesy is of course important, and loyalty is more important. " Confucius said, "Even if you recite 300 Poems of the Book of Songs, if you haven't learned manners, you can't even afford a simple gift. Knowing the gift, you may not be able to bear the gift if you don't study further. Knowing the gift and not continuing to study may not be able to undertake the great task. The gift of knowing Mahayana may not be a gift to worship heaven. Don't speak lightly. "
Luz is the manager of the Huan Zi family this season. In the past, ancestor worship was always held before dawn. It was dark before the busy day was over, and he had to light a flashlight to continue his work. Because the delay is too long, even the strongest and most respectful people are exhausted. Therefore, many deacons stagger and lean on the ground to cope with errands, which is really disrespectful to their ancestors. Later, one day, when Ji participated in ancestor worship activities and held an indoor ancestor worship ceremony, people inside and outside handed over sacrifices at the door. When holding a corpse in class, people in and out of class hand over their writing tools in front of the steps. Sacrifice begins at dawn and ends in the evening. When Confucius heard this, he said, "Who can say that Luz is just brave and doesn't know how to be polite?" "