Industry is the product of social division of labor, which has gone through several stages of development: handicraft industry, machine industry and modern industry. In ancient society, handicraft industry was only a sideline of agriculture. After a long historical process, industry refers to the work and process of collecting raw materials in factories and producing them into products. Industry: Industry is the work and process of collecting raw materials and making them into products in production factors. [Editor's paragraph] The emergence of industry was until the industrial revolution in Britain in the18th century, which gradually transformed the workshop handicraft industry based on manual technology into a large machine industry. Finally, the industry was separated from agriculture and became an independent material production department. With the progress of science and technology, from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, it entered the development stage of modern industry. Since the late 1940s, with the automation of the production process as the main feature, electronic controlled automatic machines and production lines have been adopted for production, which has changed the machine system. Since the late 1970s, emerging technologies and industries, including bioengineering, optical fiber, new energy, new materials and robots, have flourished since the 1980s. These new technological revolutions are changing the basic face of industrial production. [Edit this paragraph] Classification of industries In the past industrial economics, industries were often divided into light industry and heavy industry according to the relative weight of products per unit volume. The industrial sector with heavy product weight per unit volume is heavy industry, while the light one belongs to light industry. The industrial sectors belonging to heavy industry include iron and steel industry, nonferrous metallurgy industry, metal material industry and machinery industry. Because chemical industry occupies a very prominent position in the development of modern industry, chemical industry is often separated from light and heavy industries in the industrial classification of industrial structure. In this way, the industrial structure consists of light industry, heavy industry and chemical industry. People often put heavy industry and chemical industry together and merge them into chemical industry, as opposed to light industry. Another criterion to distinguish between light and heavy industries is to call the department that provides the means of production heavy industry and the department that produces the means of consumption light industry. There are differences between the above two principles. The classification of light and heavy industries by the National Bureau of Statistics is close to the latter standard. In the China Statistical Yearbook, heavy industry is defined as an industry that provides the material and technical basis of the main means of production for all sectors of the national economy. Light industry is an industry that mainly provides consumer goods and manufactures hand tools. In research, as mentioned above, heavy industry and chemical industry are often called heavy chemical industry. Heavy industry: refers to the industry that provides the material and technical basis of the main means of production for all sectors of the national economy. According to its production nature and product use, it can be divided into the following three categories: (1) mining (logging) refers to the exploitation of natural resources, including oil mining, coal mining, metal mining, non-metal mining and wood logging; (2) Raw material industry refers to the industry that provides basic materials, power and fuel for all sectors of the national economy. Including metal smelting and processing, coking and coke, chemistry, chemical raw materials, cement, wood-based panels, electricity, petroleum and coal processing industries; (3) Processing industry refers to the industry that reprocesses industrial raw materials. Including machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal structures, cement products and other industries that equip various sectors of the national economy, as well as industries that provide agricultural production materials such as fertilizers and pesticides. Light industry: refers to the industry that mainly provides consumer goods and manufactures hand tools. According to the different raw materials used, it can be divided into two categories: (1) Light industry with agricultural products as raw materials refers to light industry with agricultural products as basic raw materials directly or indirectly. Mainly including food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, tobacco processing, textile, sewing, leather and fur manufacturing, paper making and printing; (2) Light industry with non-agricultural products as raw materials refers to light industry with industrial products as raw materials. It mainly includes cultural and educational sporting goods, chemicals manufacturing, synthetic fiber manufacturing, daily chemicals, daily glass products, daily metal products, hand tools manufacturing, medical equipment manufacturing, cultural office machinery manufacturing and other industries. According to the above classification principle, the repair industry is classified as heavy industry, and vice versa. [Edit this paragraph] Industry is the only department that produces modern labor materials, which determines the speed, scale and level of national economic modernization and plays a leading role in the national economy of contemporary countries in the world. Industry also provides raw materials, fuel and power for itself and other sectors of the national economy, and industrial consumer goods for people's material and cultural life; It is also the main source of national fiscal revenue and the fundamental guarantee of national economic independence, political independence and national defense modernization. In addition, under the socialist conditions, industrial development is the material basis for consolidating the socialist system, and it is also the prerequisite for gradually eliminating the differences between workers and peasants, between urban and rural areas, between manual labor and mental labor, and promoting the transition from socialism to * * * productism. Industry is one of the most important material production departments in the national economy. Industrial production is mainly the process of processing or assembling natural resources and raw materials. [Edit this paragraph] Location selection of industry 1. The main factors to consider when choosing a factory location. In industrial production, the location of the factory should be considered first. Where the factory is built is the most reasonable, which requires the government or manufacturers to make reasonable decisions. Suppose we are the decision-makers of a country or region, and take social reality as an example to analyze the location choice of factories. We know that the location of the factory should be determined from all aspects, with its main factors as the main factor. For example, in the above example, the main factors of Angang are close to the origin of raw materials and fuels and close to the consumer market, while the main factors of Baosteel are close to the consumer market and convenient transportation conditions. In addition, factors such as motivation and labor force should also be considered; From the point of view of economic benefits, the site should choose the place with the lowest production cost and the highest profit. If the factory can be built in a place with sufficient raw materials and power, high quality and low price of labor and broad market prospects, it is of course the most ideal. However, there are few such ideal places in real life, which requires decision makers to be practical, adjust measures to local conditions and build factories in places with obvious advantages. 2. Location factors affecting the industry As can be seen from the above analysis, there are many location factors affecting the industry. Mainly: raw materials, power (fuel or electricity), labor, market, transportation, land, water, government policies, etc. Among many location factors, the location selection of an industry may only need to consider one or several main factors. Then, the location choice of such industries is guided by its leading factors, forming different oriented industries. There are mainly the following five categories. 3. Industrial classification formed by different location factors (1) Raw material-oriented industries: These industries mainly refer to industries where raw materials are inconvenient for long-distance transportation or the transportation cost of raw materials is high, and the volume and weight are greatly reduced after processing, but the prices are low. Industrial enterprises that use such raw materials often choose the factory where the raw materials are produced. Save freight and reduce losses. This industry is a raw material-oriented industry. For example, sugar beet sugar factory (making 1 ton sugar generally requires 8 tons of sugar beet as raw material), sugar cane sugar factory, aquatic product processing factory, and fruit cannery (aquatic products and fruits are perishable and cannot be stored for a long time, so if they are to be canned, they should be processed on the spot in time). (2) Market-oriented industries: These industries mainly refer to industries where products are inconvenient for long-distance transportation or the transportation cost of products is high, or the volume of finished products increases after processing, which is inconvenient for transportation. Most of these industrial enterprises set up factories near their sales places. Save freight and reduce costs. For example, in a beverage factory, the volume of finished products is larger than that of raw materials, and it is easy to be lost during transportation. After an empty bottle is filled with liquid substances, its weight increases a lot. So local sales are better. Similar industries include furniture factories (finished products), printing houses and food factories. (3) Power industry: This kind of industry needs to consume a lot of energy in the process of production and processing. In order to reduce costs, enterprises set up factories in places with large energy supply. Such as nonferrous metal smelters. An aluminum smelter with an annual output of 654.38+10,000 tons of refined aluminum needs 200,000-400,000 kilowatts of power plants, so these power plants are mostly built near large and small power plants, and the power production cost is low. (4) Cheap labor industry: This kind of industry mainly refers to industries that need a lot of labor, but the technical requirements are not high, and workers can quickly master the production requirements. The wages of workers in these industries are low, which does not increase the production cost much, but it plays a great role in increasing the proportion of profits. This industry should be close to places where there is a lot of cheap labor. For example, ordinary clothing, electronic assembly, bag belt, umbrella making, shoe making and other industries. (5) Technology-based industries: These industries mainly refer to enterprises that require high production technology, must undergo strict training and have a certain level, and are suitable for workers who operate machines to engage in production. Such enterprises have strict requirements on the quality of workers, fine internal division of production, strong specialization and high technical requirements. This industry should be close to areas with advanced education and technology. For example, electronics manufacturing, satellites, airplanes, precision instruments and other industries and their R&D bases. [Edit this paragraph] Industrial modernization means arming industrial departments with the latest technologies and equipment such as computers, managing industries with modern management tools and methods, realizing a high degree of automation in industrial production, and making industrial labor productivity reach or exceed the world advanced level. [Edit this paragraph] Industrial layout Industrial layout is about how the government and other relevant decision makers plan local industries, and the factors that affect industrial layout are mainly the environment. The water source plant is located in the upstream of the river, and the pollution industry is located in the downstream of air pollution-(from Baidu)