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Application fields of 3D printing
2065438+July, 2004 1 day, the United States Navy conducted an experiment on rapid manufacturing of warship parts by using advanced manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing, hoping to speed up the task and reduce the cost.

20 14 From June 24 to June 26, 2004, the US Navy held the first exchange manufacturing festival and held a series of seminars on "printing ships", during which the 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies were introduced to sailors and other related personnel.

The us navy is committed to training sailors in this field in the future. Using 3D printing and other advanced manufacturing methods can significantly improve the speed and preparation of task execution, reduce costs and avoid purchasing ship parts from all over the world.

Phil Cullom, deputy section chief of the logistics department of the US Naval Combat Fleet, said that considering the cost, the existing loopholes in the naval logistics and supply chain and the resource constraints, the application of advanced manufacturing and 3D printing is becoming more and more extensive. They envisioned a global network of advanced manufacturers, supported by skilled sailors, to find out problems and make products. At the end of September 20 14, NASA is expected to complete the first imaging telescope, and all components are basically made by 3D printing technology. Therefore, NASA became the first unit to try to manufacture the whole instrument using 3D printing technology. This space telescope is fully functional, and its 50.8 mm camera enables it to be put into CubeSat (a microsatellite). It is understood that the outer tube, outer baffle and optical frame of this space telescope are printed directly as separate structures, and only the mirror and lens are not realized. The instrument will be tested in vibration and thermal vacuum at 20 15. This 50.8 mm telescope will be made entirely of aluminum and titanium, and only four parts can be manufactured by 3D printing technology. Comparatively speaking, the number of parts required by traditional manufacturing method is 5- 10 times that of 3D printing. In addition, in the 3D printing telescope, the instrument baffle used to reduce stray light in the telescope can be made into an angular pattern, which can not be realized in one part by traditional manufacturing methods.

On August 3, 2065438, KLOC-0, engineers of NASA just finished the test of 3D printed rocket ejector. This research is to improve the performance of rocket engine components. Because liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen react together in the ejector, the combustion temperature here can reach 6000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is about 3 15 degrees Celsius, and it can generate 20000 pounds of thrust, which is about 9 tons. Verification. This test work is located at the Marshall Space Flight Center of NASA in Huntsville, Alabama, where there are relatively perfect rocket engine test conditions, and engineers can verify the performance of 3D printed components in the ignition environment.

Manufacturing ejector of rocket engine requires high-precision machining technology. If 3D printing technology is used, the manufacturing complexity can be reduced. The three-dimensional image of the injector is established in the computer, and the printing materials are metal powder and laser. At higher temperature, metal powder can be reshaped into the shape we need. There are dozens of ejector elements in the ejector of rocket engine. Manufacturing similar parts requires a certain degree of machining accuracy. After the test is successful, this technology will be used to manufacture RS-25 engine, which will be the main power of NASA's future space launch system. The rocket can take astronauts out of low-earth orbit and into deeper space. Chris, director of the Marshall Center Engineering Department, believes that the application of 3D printing technology in rocket engine injectors is only the first step. Our purpose is to test how 3D printing components can completely change the design and manufacture of rockets, improve the performance of the system, and more importantly, save time and cost, and make it less prone to failure. In this test, two rocket ejectors are ignited for 5 seconds at a time. The complex geometric fluid model created by the designer allows oxygen and hydrogen to be fully mixed at a pressure of 0/400 pounds per square inch/kloc.

20141011,a team of British fans made a rocket with 3D printing technology, and they are also preparing to launch the world's first printing rocket. The team introduced the world's first rocket made of 3D printing technology to the media at the London office local time. Haines, the team leader, said that it is not difficult to create highly complex shapes with 3D printing technology. Even if the design prototype is to be modified, the printer will be adjusted accordingly as long as it is modified on the computer-aided design software. This is much more convenient than the traditional manufacturing method. Now NASA has been using 3D printing technology to manufacture rocket parts, and the prospect of 3D printing technology is very bright.

It is reported that this project called "Helium-assisted Navigation in Low Orbit" was sponsored by a German data analysis company. The printed rocket weighs 3 kilograms, which is equivalent to the height of an ordinary adult. The team spent four years and 6000 pounds. After the funding of 654.38+500,000 pounds is confirmed, they will launch the rocket at the American spaceport in New Mexico at the end of this year. A giant balloon filled with helium will lift the rocket to an altitude of 20 thousand meters. The global positioning system installed in the rocket will start the rocket engine, and the launch speed of mega will reach 65,438+0,665,438+00 kilometers per hour. After that, the autopilot system on the rocket will guide the rocket back to Earth, and the camera inside will film the whole process.

Official website, April 2, 2065438, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported that NASA engineers are using additive manufacturing technology to manufacture the first full-size copper alloy rocket engine parts to save costs. The head of the space technology mission department of NASA said that this is a new milestone in the application of 3D printing technology in the aerospace field.

On June 22nd, 20 15, it was reported that the state-owned Russian science and technology group company manufactured a prototype with a weight of 3.8kg, a wingspan of 2.4m, a flying speed of 90- 100km and a endurance of1-1.5h.. ..

Vladimir Kutakhov, a spokesman for the company, said it took the company two and a half months to leap from concept to prototype. The actual production time is only 3 1 hour, and the manufacturing cost is less than 200,000 rubles (about 3,700 US dollars).

2016 On April 19, the 3D Printing Technology Research Center of Chongqing Institute of Green Intelligent Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the first 3D printer in China was successfully developed after more than two years of efforts by the Institute and the Space Application Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the parabolic weightless flight test was completed in Bordeaux, France. This 3D printer can print parts with the maximum size of 200× 130mm, which can help astronauts to make their own parts under weightlessness, greatly improve the flexibility of space station experiments, reduce the types and quantities of spare parts, reduce operating costs and reduce the space station's dependence on ground replenishment. 3D printed liver model

On July 8, 20 15, a research team composed of Tsukuba University and Dainippon Printing Company announced that it had developed a method to make a three-dimensional model of the liver that can clearly see the internal structures such as blood vessels with a 3D printer at a low price. It is said that if this method is put into application, a model can be made for each patient, which is helpful to confirm the surgical sequence before operation and explain the treatment method to the patients.

This model is made by a 3D printer based on patient data obtained from medical examinations such as CT. The model presents the overall shape of the liver according to the external lines of the surface, and reproduces the blood vessels and tumors inside it in detail.

Because the inside of the liver model is basically hollow, the location of important blood vessels is clear at a glance. It is said that only a small amount of expensive resin material is needed to make the model, which will reduce the original production cost of about 300,000 to 400,000 yen (about 65,438 yuan +0.5 to 20,000 yuan) to less than one third.

The model of internal organs made by 3D printing technology is mainly used for research, but it has not been popularized in clinic because of its high price. The research team said that on the one hand, it will strive to realize the practical application of liver model in 20 16, on the other hand, it will promote the research and development of organ model making technology such as pancreas.

3D printed skull

On August 28th, 20 14, Master Hu, a 46-year-old farmer from Zhouzhi, fell from the third floor and hit a pile of wood, and his left brain cap was smashed. After the operation in the local hospital, Master Hu's life was intact, but the left cerebral lid was sunken and he became a "half-headed man" in the eyes of others.

In addition to his unusual face, the accident also hurt Master Hu's eyesight and language function. In order to help him restore his image, the doctor used 3D printing technology to design the shape of the defective skull, designed titanium mesh to reconstruct the defective cranio-orbital bone, and made the left "brain cover" of the defect, which finally achieved left-right symmetry.

The doctor said that the operation will take about 5 to 10 hours. In addition to supporting the left brain cover with titanium mesh, the muscles of the legs should be taken to fill it. After the operation, Master Hu's appearance will be restored. As for the language function, it depends on the postoperative recovery.

3D printed spine implanted in human body

In August, 20 14, Peking University's research team successfully implanted a 3-D printed spine for a boy aged 12, which is the first case in the world. It is understood that the little boy's spine grew a malignant tumor after a football injury, and the doctor had to choose to remove the spine where the tumor was located. However, the special feature of this operation is that the doctor did not use the traditional spinal transplant surgery, but tried advanced 3D printing technology.

Researchers say that this implant can be well combined with existing bones, and it can also shorten the recovery time of patients. Because the implanted 3D spine can blend well with the surrounding bones, it doesn't need too much "anchoring". In addition, the researchers also set micropores on it to help bones grow between alloys. In other words, the implanted 3D printed spine will grow firmly with the original spine, which means that it will not loosen in the future.

3D printing palm to treat disability

20 14 10, doctors and scientists put a palm on the children's clothing of a 5-year-old girl in Scotland, England by using 3D printing technology.

The girl's name is Haley Fraser, and she was born with a disability in her left arm. She has no palm and only a wrist. With the cooperation of doctors and scientists, a special prosthesis was designed for her and successfully installed.

3D printed heart saves a 2-week-old baby with congenital heart disease.

201413 Dr. Emile Bacha, a doctor at new york Presbyterian Hospital, told the story that he saved a 2-week-old baby with a 3D printed heart. The baby has a congenital heart defect, which will cause "many holes" in the heart. In the past, this kind of surgery needed to stop the heart beating, open the heart to observe, and then decide what to do next in a short time.

But with the help of 3D printing technology, Dr. Bacha can make a heart model before surgery, so that his team can examine it and then decide what to do during the operation. The baby originally needed 3-4 operations, but now one operation is enough, and the baby who was originally thought to be limited in life can lead a normal life.

Dr. Bacha said that he made this heart model using the baby's MRI data and 3D printing technology. The whole production process cost thousands of dollars, but he predicted that the production price would be reduced in the future.

3D printing technology can allow doctors to practice in advance, thus reducing patients' time on the operating table. The 3D model helps to reduce the operation steps and make the operation safer.

June 20 15, in Miami Children's Hospital, there was a 4-year-old girl Adanelie Gonzalez who suffered from "TAPVC". Because of this disease, she has difficulty breathing and weak immune system. Without corrective surgery, she can only survive for weeks or even days.

With the help of the 3D heart model, cardiovascular surgeons successfully worked out a complicated corrective surgery plan by completely copying the 3D model of the little girl's heart. Finally, according to the plan, the little girl was successfully operated permanently. Now the little girl's blood has returned to normal flow, and her body has gradually returned to normal during the treatment.

3D print drugstore

On August 5, 20 15, the first instant tablet of SPRITAM (levetiracetam) prepared by Aprecia Pharmaceutical Company using 3D printing technology was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and will be officially sold in 20 16. This means that 3D printing technology will further advance into the pharmaceutical field after printing human organs, which is of great significance for realizing precision pharmacy and targeted pharmacy in the future. The approved "levetiracetam instant tablets" adopted ZipDose3D printing technology with independent intellectual property rights of Aprecia Company.

The tablets produced by 3D printing pharmacy are rich in holes and have extremely high internal surface area, which can be quickly melted by a small amount of water in a short time. This feature has brought good news to some patients with dysphagia.

This idea is mainly aimed at patients' demand for drug quantity, which can effectively reduce a series of problems such as drug tide, deterioration and expiration caused by drug inventory. In fact, the most important breakthrough of 3D printing pharmacy is that it can further realize the dream of tailoring drugs for patients.

3D printed chest

Recently, scientists added a titanium sternum and chest to the traditional 3D printed body part-3 D printed chest.

The lucky recipient of these 3D printing parts is a 54-year-old Spaniard who suffers from a kind of chest wall sarcoma, which is formed in bones, soft tissues and cartilage. Doctors had to remove the patient's sternum and some ribs to stop the spread of cancer cells.

These excised parts need to be replaced. In general, the metal plate used will become unstable over time, which will easily lead to complications. CSIRO in Australia has made a titanium sternum and ribs, which completely conforms to the patient's geometry.

CSIRO company designs and manufactures the required body parts according to the CT scan results of patients. The staff will use CAD software to design the body parts and input them into the 3D printer. Two weeks after the operation, the patient was allowed to leave the hospital and everything was in good condition.

3D vascular printer

20 15 10, China's 863 plan 3D blood vessel printing project made a major breakthrough, and the world's first 3D blood vessel printer was successfully developed by Sichuan Languang Yingnuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ..

This blood vessel printer has advanced performance, and it only takes 2 minutes to print 10 cm long blood vessels. Different from the existing 3D bio-printers on the market, the 3D bio-vascular printer can print the unique hollow structure of blood vessels and multiple layers of different kinds of cells, which is the first in the world. 20 14 In August, 10 3D printing building was delivered in Shanghai Zhangjiang High-tech Qingpu Park as the office building of the local relocation project. These "printed" building walls are special "ink" made of construction waste. According to the drawings and schemes designed by the computer, draw them layer by layer with a large 3D printer. The construction process of 10 hut only takes 24 hours.

20 14 On September 5th, architects from all over the world were competing to build the world's first 3D printing house. 3D printing houses have made a far-reaching breakthrough in housing capacity and housing customization. In Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, a team of architects has started to manufacture the world's first 3D printed house, using renewable bio-based materials. This building is called "Canal House" and consists of 13 houses. This project is located in an open space of Amsterdam's North Canal and is expected to be completed within three years. The "Canal House" under construction has become a public museum where US President Barack Obama once visited. Hans Vermeulen, a Dutch DUS architect, said in an interview with BI that their main goal is "to be able to provide customized houses".

20 14, 14 In June, several buildings built with 3D printing technology appeared in Suzhou Industrial Park. These buildings include a villa with an area of 1 100 square meters and a six-story residential building. The walls of these buildings are drawn by large 3D printers, and the "ink" for printing is made of construction waste.

2065438+On the morning of July 17, 2005, a new modular villa with 3D printing appeared in Xi 'an, and the builder completed the construction of the villa in three hours. According to the construction party, this three-hour hardcover villa can be checked in with a bag as long as it is furnished. On September 5th, 20 14, 3D printed buildings, skirts, hats and jewels appeared in the world, and the first 3D printed car finally appeared. This car has only 40 parts and it took 44 hours to build. The lowest selling price is 1. 10000 (about RMB 1 10000).

The world's first 3D printed car has come out-this compact two-seater family car named "Strati" designed and manufactured by a local American automobile company has opened a new chapter in the automobile industry. This innovative product was unveiled at the six-day 20 14 Chicago International Manufacturing Technology Exhibition.

It takes 44 hours to print and assemble a Strati car with 3D printing technology. The total number of parts printed in 3D on the whole car body is 40, which is very simple compared with more than 20,000 parts of traditional cars. The curved car body is made of black plastic first, and then wrapped with carbon fiber layer by layer to increase strength. This manufacturing design is the first. The car is powered by batteries and has a top speed of about 64 kilometers per hour. The battery in the car can run 190 to 240 kilometers.

Although replaceable parts such as car seats and tires are still manufactured in the traditional way, the plan to manufacture these parts in 3D has been put on the agenda. There is an oversize 3D printer in the automobile workshop, which can print large parts with the length of 3m, the width of 1.5m and the height of 1m, while ordinary 3D printers can only print things with the size of 25 cubic centimeters.

20 14 10 10 On October 29th, at the International Manufacturing Technology Exhibition held in Chicago, the Local Motors automobile company in Arizona, USA, demonstrated the manufacturing process of the world's first 3D printed electric vehicle. This electric car is called "Strati", and the whole manufacturing process took only 45 hours. Strati adopts an integrated body, with a top speed of 40 miles per hour (about 64 km/h) on a single charge and a cruising range of 120 to 150 miles (about 190 to 240 km). Strati has only 49 parts. Power transmission system, suspension, battery, tire, wheel, wire, motor and windshield are all made by traditional technology. The rest parts, including the chassis, instrument panel, seat and body, are printed by 3D printers, and the materials used are carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Strati's body is integrated, printed by a 3D printer, and has 2 12 layers of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Cincinnati Company is responsible for providing large format additives for 3D printers manufactured by manufacturing Strati, which can print parts of 3 ft× 5 ft×10 ft (about 90cm× 152cm× 305cm).

Recently, Divergent Microfactories(DM) from San Francisco, USA, launched the world's first 3D printed supercar "Blade". The company said that this car is made up of a series of aluminum "nodes" and carbon fiber pipes, which can be easily assembled into a car chassis, so it is more environmentally friendly.

Blade is equipped with a dual-fuel 700 HP engine and can use gasoline or compressed natural gas as fuel. In addition, due to the light weight of the whole vehicle, the weight of the whole vehicle is only 65,438+0,400 pounds (about 0.64 tons), and it takes only two seconds to accelerate from standstill to 60 miles (96 kilometers) per hour, making it easy to rank among the top super-runners.

2065438+In July 2005, Divergent Microfactories(DM) Company in San Francisco, USA, launched the world's first 3D printed supercar "Blade". 2014165438+1October 10, the world's first 3D printed notebook computer has started to be pre-sold. It allows anyone to print their own equipment in their living room at half the price of traditional products.

This notebook computer named Pi-Top will not be officially launched until May 2065438+2005. However, through word of mouth, it has now accumulated 76,000 pounds of pre-orders in two weeks.

dress

Many women know that it is not easy to meet a dress that fits. Clothes made by 3D printer can be said to be the master key to solve the difficulties women encounter when choosing clothes. A design studio has successfully used 3D printing technology to make clothes. The clothes made by this technology are not only novel in appearance, but also comfortable and fit.

The price of this skirt is 654.38+0.9 million RMB, and 2,279 printing plates are used in the production process, which are connected by 3,365,438+0.6 chains. This kind of clothing is called "4D skirt", just like knitted clothing, it can easily stretch out from the compressed state. Jessica, one of the founders and creative director, recalled that the dress took about 48 hours to print.

The Massachusetts-based company also wrote an application for smartphones and tablets to help users adjust their clothes. With this application, you can change the style and comfort of clothes.

Shadowless high heels

2065 438+05. 8. 27 Shenzhen beauty expert SexyCyborg invented "shadowless high heels". It is empty and can be installed with security penetration testing tools.

"Shadowless high heels" are enough for some beautiful hackers to easily break through the defenses of some enterprises or government agencies and obtain valuable and important information. There is a drawer in each shoe, and users can take it down without taking off their shoes. Then put in a penetration test suite, and the components of the suite are all devices used by hackers.