The animistic belief and totem worship of Lisu people
Before land reclamation, building houses and hunting, people should ask wizards for good or bad luck. At the same time, in order to avoid disasters, various activities of offering sacrifices to gods are often held. The ghosts most often worshipped are: heavenly ghosts, Shan Gui, domestic ghosts, dream ghosts, well ghosts and so on.
The forms and methods of sacrifice are complex and diverse, and there are certain regulations on what diseases and ghosts are sacrificed and what sacrifices are used. Generally, the chicken is sacrificed first, and the elderly at home will preside over it. If the disease does not improve, large livestock such as pigs and sheep will be killed. If it is not enough, the number of cattle to be killed in the end will not be one or two. At this level, it is necessary to invite "Pani" (wizard). In order to ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters, most of the livestock raised at home are used to worship ghosts. Kill a Niu Yi chicken when offering sacrifices to ghosts. If the cow is female, then the chicken is male, and vice versa. A poplar and a wild bamboo will send the "ghost" to Tian Yun after the sacrifice.
Sacrifice to Shan Gui's "Misini" is often to kill a chicken, a sheep or a pig when seeking rain or shelter from the wind, getting sick and fighting, and to recite the names of various natural objects such as mountains, stones, water and trees when offering sacrifices. Twelve pieces of Baba and a bowl of wine were sacrificed to the ghost, and the ghost was "sent" to the sea. When offering a dream ghost, one pig and one chicken are used, and one male and one female are required to correspond. Send this ghost to the east where the sun rises. A cow or pig is used to sacrifice "water ghosts", and a chicken or pig and a bowl of wine are used to sacrifice "offending ghosts". When offering sacrifices to "water ghosts", call the names of ghosts. A chicken and a pig were used for the sacrifice. The chicken's nose and the pig's ears were strung together with ropes and taken to the wild for sacrifice.
In some areas of Lisu people, there are also people who believe in ghosts. This kind of ghost is often carried by a woman, so this woman is called "eleven women". It is said that "Shiyipo" can eat people. The main means to harm people is to suck human blood. If a person is hurt by it, he will get sick. After a long time, the whole body's blood will be sucked dry by the "ghost" and die. Any woman who is attached to a "ghost" will protect this woman's home everywhere. Whoever infringes on the interests of this family will be hurt and will soon get seriously ill. In some areas, buffalo horn oil is applied to the mouth and navel to prevent "ghosts", and buffalo horn and willow branches are hung on the doors. It is said that "ghosts" are afraid of these things.
Lisu people think that these ghosts dominate the world and bring misfortune to people. Therefore, before reclaiming land, building houses, hunting, etc. Wizards are often asked to pray for good luck. For example, they think that mountain gods and hunting gods are ghosts who bless their hunting success. Before hunting, hunters always make sacrifices and toasts, and let wizards or venerable old hunters preside over the ceremony of offering sacrifices to mountain gods and hunting gods to pray for their protection, and then use bamboo sticks, chicken bones and other divinations to pray for good luck. When you arrive at the hunting site, you should sacrifice to the mountain god and pray for the gift of your prey. When hunters catch their prey and return home with a full load, they will also fire guns and blow horns, thanking the mountain gods for bringing them back to life. On the road, every time you come to a fork, you should honk your horn.
Wizards of Lisu nationality include Pani and Nigupa, who are considered as communicators between gods and ghosts. Different Pani can "see" ghosts directly, deal with them face to face and kill them with spells, but Pani can't. Therefore, Nipa's social status is higher than Nipa's. But in divination, the two are the same, and there are more than ten kinds of divination, such as divination, knife divination, chicken bone divination, baby divination, hand divination, pig liver divination and so on.
Once upon a time, every tribe and clan of Lisu people had their own totem worship. There used to be more than a dozen clans in Nujiang area, such as tiger, sheep, bee, mouse, monkey, bear, sparrow, bamboo, shepherd's purse and millet, and their totems were used as clan names. And there are historical legends and stories in this respect. Among them, people who call themselves "cool" are buckwheat people; Call yourself "Laba", that is, Tiger Man, and so on. Lisu people think that the above animals and plants are their ancestors.
Brief introduction of Lisu nationality
Lisu people first lived in Jinsha River valley at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, and then gradually moved to Nujiang area in western Yunnan to settle down. Lisu is a unique ethnic group in Yunnan, mainly living in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Weixi Lisu Autonomous County in Yunnan Province, and the rest are scattered in Lijiang, Baoshan, Diqing, Dehong, Dali and Chuxiong in Yunnan and Xichang, Yanyuan, Muli and Dechang in Sichuan. Lisu people are descendants of Li Qiangren, a branch of Tibetan-Burmese language family. Lisu people have their own language, which belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The original script is a syllabic script created by Wang Renbo of Weixi County, but it is not perfect. 1957, a new script based on Latin alphabet was born.
Lisu folk literature is rich and colorful. Myths and legends such as Genesis and Our Ancestors are precious materials for studying the ancient history of Lisu people, and are also treasures in the treasure house of Chinese folk literature. Their poems pay more attention to rhythm and neat fighting. In some pun poems, there are often clever metaphors with fresh artistic conception, which is the most prominent feature of Lisu poetry.
Lisu people are mainly engaged in agriculture, and their marriage is monogamous. The clothes of Lisu people are very distinctive. Women wear embroidered tops and linen skirts, and like to wear red and white beads, corals, shells and other accessories. Men wear short coats and linen.
Lisu people are good at singing and dancing. They should enjoy every harvest, wedding, hunting and building houses. Lisu people believe in animism and worship their ancestors. Traditional festivals include Singles' Day (China New Year), Knife and Rod Festival and Harvest Festival. Lisu stamp figures. Lisu people like singing very much. Yes
In the tone, there is "salt, don't eat; Song, you can't say it if you don't sing it. Folk songs are simple and touching, with rich tunes. Traditional dances are mostly group dances, imitating animals and expressing production and life. Traditional musical instruments include pipa, oral string, silk string and lusheng.
Lisu people are mainly engaged in agriculture, planting corn, rice, buckwheat and so on. Lisu people believe in primitive religion and worship nature. Some people still believe in Catholicism.
Lisu people have a long history. Its ancestors once lived on both sides of the Jinsha River. /kloc-After the 6th century, it began to move into Nujiang and Dehong. Clan names have appeared in history since the Tang Dynasty. As a national transliteration, the word "Lisu" has been written in different ways in history, such as Li Su, Lisu, Lisu, Lisu and Lisu.
Lisu people have their own language, and Lisu language belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Three languages have been used successively. One is the phonetic alphabet created by western missionaries, the other is the syllabic alphabet created by farmers in Weixi County, and the other is the newly created Latin alphabet after the founding of New China.
The historical origin of Lisu nationality
Lisu nationality originated from the Qiang nationality in Gushi, which moved southward, and belongs to the same ethnic origin as Yi nationality. Its surname was first seen in the works of the Tang Dynasty. Li Su Manchu, Li Manchu, Shi Man Manchu and Shunman Manchu in the historical records of the Tang Dynasty all belong to Wu Manchu, and they are distributed in Jinchuan, Yunnan Yabijiang, Jinsha River, Lancang River and other vast areas. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was mostly ruled by feudal lords of Naxi nationality in Lijiang. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, a large number of Lisu people moved to Nujiang and other areas in northwest Yunnan under the leadership of Mubipa, who could not bear the threat of slavery and war. 17-19th century, after the failure of the uprising, people migrated many times, and some of them entered Myanmar; Some people moved to Laos, Thailand and other places. The migration continued until the Qing Dynasty. In the course of history, Lisu people have been integrated into the blood of many other nationalities.
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