Drum in Huxian County is far less famous than peasant paintings. Small names are not necessarily insignificant. For Huxian people, the glory of peasant painting seems to be a very distant thing. Drums are close at hand, and it seems that you can see and hear them with your eyes open and your ears upright. The ever-changing encouragement of the 100-member gongs and drums team is dazzling and pleasing to the eye. The sonorous drums make people feel the fierce battle between the distant ancient Three Kingdoms and Chibi.
If you come to Huxian County on the Lantern Festival after the Spring Festival, you will surely witness the grand occasion of gongs and drums. Of course you know what is inspiring and refreshing. But when you are really in it, all these vivid words will be eclipsed.
Liunan village has a long history of gongs and drums, which are magnificent, as fierce as tigers going down the mountain and dragons going out to sea;
Jiangcun gongs and drums are magnificent, and the drums are rapid and high-pitched, just like a thousand troops rushing out;
Dawangxi's gongs and drums are like a field, with bright drums, Zhang Chi rhythm and endless charm;
The gongs and drums in Suojiazhuang are matched with chimes, which are called "bells and drums". The drums, cymbals and bells are integrated and sound like birds.
The gongs and drums in Luxi village are mixed with the square flag, which is called "drum and drum encouragement" The cymbals are flying and the drums are melodious, like burning flames and elegant battle flags.
Shen Jiaying's gongs and drums are lingering in the fairy dance wrapped in brocade, which is both graceful and heroic.
These are just decorations in the hometown drums. If you rub your neck again, your nerves will not relax, and the drum team will follow. The "Ten Scenes" of Xiaoyi Square came, Weiqi Village's "Go Drum" came around, Bailong Village's "Dragon Drum" flew over, Qiaojiazhuang's "Back Drum" shook off, Jessie Village's "Women Drum Team" jumped over, and Jinhou Village's "Waist Drum" floated to Hu Axiang's drum team. There are so many kinds that it is difficult to describe them one by one. Every village in Huxian has gongs and drums, and there are almost as many gongs and drums teams in each village. I once had an idea: what would it be like to move all the gongs and drums in Huxian county to knock on the wall of Xi' an and decorate a huge drum team with the "social fire" in the user county? There is absolutely no problem around the city wall, and it is absolutely no problem to let the Weihe River flow backwards. That kind of style is enough to make Qin Huang and Hanwu jealous, and that kind of grandeur is enough to make the Terracotta Warriors and Horses not far away ashamed.
This will undoubtedly be a pioneering work and feat!
If I were the mayor of Xi, I would make such a pioneering work! Not for imposing manner, but to show the wisdom of Chinese people, which is the artistic essence of the children of Sanqin, and the declaration of Xi people, Guanzhong people and Shaanxi people to the whole world: We challenge the ancient China!
Tracing back to the history of gongs and drums in Huxian County is refreshing. According to Shan Hai Jing, drums originated in the war between Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Chiyou. By the Yao period, drum music had been included in the "eight tones" and "books" together with gold, stone, silk, bamboo, wood and wood. There is a record in Yao Dian that "the four seas suppress the eight tones". "Huai Nan Shi Xun" has an image description: "Today, a brainwave, like a ring body, once circled the ground, helped the puppet troops, moved and turned the song, making silk like a god, and it was like autumn medicine being blown by the wind, which surprised me to be hired." "The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty" said: "Since" Breaking Chen Le ",drums have been mixed with the music of Qiuci, and the sound has shocked hundreds of miles and disturbed the valley."
Of course, the above text is difficult to confirm the development history of Huxian drum music culture. According to more convincing analysis data, the birth of drum music culture in Huxian County originated from "hundred operas". "Hundred operas" is the general name of ancient music, dance and acrobatic performances in China. It inherited the music and dance of Xia Dynasty and the "scattered music" and "martial arts" of Zhou Dynasty, and created the art of opera, music and dance and acrobatics in Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient Chang 'an, with a long history and developed culture, is the cradle and performance place of "Hundred Dramas". Huxian county, as the capital of ancient Chang 'an, is rich in "hundred plays", which naturally has a far-reaching influence here. Let's start with the gongs and drums in Jiangcun. Jiangcun's gongs and drums performance is also called "quite inspiring", from which we can see the traces of "hundred plays". This is very encouraging. During the performance, drums were blaring, colorful flags were flying, lanterns were brilliant, and grand ceremonies such as "official worship", "official patrol" and "going out of the palace", including uniformed guards, cavalry chariots, various weapons and ordnance, umbrella fans and lion dragon lanterns, were almost exactly the same as the grand performance of "Hundred Dramas" in the palace during the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Not only Jiangcun gongs and drums, but also the influential gongs and drums performances in northern counties such as Liunan Village, Dawangxi, wucun, Kangcun and Xiaoyi Square are all mixed with the words "forbidden" and "avoided". From this, we can see that Huxian gongs and drums originated in the heyday of feudal society, that is, the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
It was not until recent years that dance was really introduced into the performance of gongs and drums in Huxian County, but it was not until the Tang Dynasty that the artistic form of combining drum music with dance was formed. Its dance form absorbs the characteristics of northern Shaanxi Yangko, and also incorporates the characteristics of modern dance and classical music, making its performance more attractive. Typical examples are "Bell Drum Dance" in Suojiazhuang, "Flag Drum Dance" in Luxi Village, and "Palace Dance" in Shenjiaying, Zhongyuan Temple and Duzhuang Village. The "Dragon Drum" in Bailong Village, the "Lion Drum" in Jessie Village and the "Boat Drum" in Huxian People's Troupe all draw lessons from China folk culture and myths and legends, and organically combine inspiring culture with people's desire to conquer nature, so that people can enjoy more than just an artistic enjoyment.
Drum music in Huxian county is generally composed of seven musical instruments: drums, gongs, cymbals, horns, utensils and bangzi. The first three pay attention to big, thick, heavy and bright, while the last four are the opposite. The performance is relaxed, light and heavy, and has a strong sense of rhythm. Drums are divided into drums and flat drums. The hall drum used to be pulled by cattle, but now it is pulled by small tractors, commonly known as "cattle pulling drums" The drum is more than half a person's height and one to two meters in diameter. Two or three drummers beat the drum in turn. The flat drum is hung around a person's neck and knocked while walking. Gong Youdao Gong He. The gong is as big as an iron cage cover and three millimeters thick. Like a straw hat, the tassels on the pot are dyed red and roll up and down with the drums, like colorful Longyan. The array of gongs and drums performances can be roughly divided into three types, namely "table to table", "circle to circle" and "square". Among them, "phalanx" is the most common. This formation is suitable for marching performances. The array is rectangular, with the guard of honor in front, followed by drums, that is, "cows pulling drums", followed by the home team of the formal performance, with a flat drummer in the middle, a dance team on both sides of the flat drummer, dancing gongs and cymbals on both sides, numbers, household items, cymbals and bangzi in front and behind, and a back team. The whole team ranges from 50 to 60 people to hundreds, closely integrated and orderly. The drummer's performance is the most passionate. Hold your head high, move like the wind, fly your legs, open your bow left and right, fight back, drum up and down, sometimes "the crane shines its wings", sometimes! "Two Dragons Playing with Beads" is full of enthusiasm and aplomb. Generally speaking, drums only need to be drummed again, and the performance of flat drummers is dazzling. The flat drummer is commanded by the standard bearer, with a ribbon tied around his neck and his waist tied, sitting in a horse posture, leaning back, moving his feet slowly, beating the drum with a short hammer in his hand, sometimes pounding, sometimes hitting the side, sometimes hovering in the air, and sometimes turning his head, in one go. Bangzi players fight each other, one enters and one retreats; For the right thing, a bow and a retreat, funny and lively; Gong players and trumpeters follow the drums, turn their palms and heads, and the sun shines back, just like thousands of colorful butterflies flying in groups. When the drum reaches the climax, the sound is heavy and thick, like thunder roaring, like waves hitting the coast, and can be heard more than ten miles away; When the drum reaches the low tide, it is noisy and urgent, like weaving brocade, like a bird playing the piano, and the sound is accompanied by the heartbeat of the viewer.
The music of gongs and drums is commonly called "drum", also called "drum". Long-term evolution, five miles different. In the south, Jiangcun's Drum Tune, Pangguang Town's Three Strings, and Song Cun's Wind Stir Snow are mixed with Five Lei Zhen, Full Run and Dog Bites Three Qizi. In the north, Taiping Drum Tune, Palace Tune, War Tune and Celebration Tune are the main tunes. In short, the south is tight and the north is slow; Soft in the south and deep in the north; The southern drum changes quickly, while the northern drum changes slowly.
I am wandering in the atmosphere of painting hometown drums, and I feel a tearful national culture. What surprised me was not only the complexity and diversity of drum music performances, but also the "madness" and infatuation of Huxian people with drum music. "If you don't beat gongs and drums for one year, you will be wasted for ten years." Before the reaping sickle is put down, before the bride gets off the sedan chair, and before the spring bell rings, Huxian people can't wait to hold out gongs and drums to perform in costumes. Harvest, happy events and Chinese New Year are actually opportunities for them to beat drums. They play their own voice, which is the note of the times. After Emperor Yao Shun, Qin Huang, Hanwu and Ze made contributions here, Kumarajiva and Wang Zhongyang preached and taught here, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Cen Can rowed boats and wrote poems here, and the smog of Mobei Lake, Liangqingshan, Wang Xianping, Guifeng Mountain, Gaoguan Waterfall, Jiuhua Xiufeng, Zige Late Moon and Caotang dotted the beautiful scenery of the hometown, all of which were Huxian drum music culture. The famous peasant paintings in Huxian county at home and abroad are also cultivated in the rendering of drum culture. When a song "Harvest Drum Song" was bought and treasured by foreign friends, it once said a thought-provoking sentence:
"The drum culture in Huxian County, like peasant paintings, will be brought into the corridor of world culture."
Is that really the case? We have reason to expect.