Wuzhen has typical characteristics of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, completely retaining the original style and pattern of water towns in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Chen Yunhe's poem "Silhouette of Wuzhen" praised "a world with little influence of modern civilization and a page of history with strong ancient colors". Taking the river as the street, connecting the street and the bridge, building houses by the river, and integrating water and town, the architectural elements with unique charm in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Shui Ge, Xiaoqiao, Shiban Lane and Mao Dun's former residence, are organized, which embodies the humanistic thought of "harmony is beauty" in China's classical houses, and presents the spatial charm of the ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River with the overall beauty of harmonious coexistence of its natural environment and humanistic environment.
As a whole, the river network in Wuzhen coincides with the main roads, and bridges connect roads, flowing water and boats, making it appear in the form of roads and water. This water network system connects the ponds and wells of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, Taihu Lake and Wuzhen, and ideally solves the water problems such as farming, drinking water, drainage, viewing and transportation. In the layout of Wuzhen, because it once spanned two provinces (Zhejiang and Jiangsu), three places (Jiaxing, Huzhou and Suzhou) and seven counties (Wucheng, Gui 'an, Chongde, Tongxiang, Xiushui, Wujiang and Zhenze) in history, and the accumulation and precipitation of Wuyue culture, it was obviously influenced by China traditional Confucian culture and canal commercial culture in concept, with distinct multi-axes, modesty and order.
Small bridges flow, and small bridges are indispensable in the ancient town of Jiangnan water town. At present, there are more than 30 bridges, including Tongji Bridge and Renji Bridge in Tashi, Yingjia Bridge in Zhongshi and Dongzha, Taiping Bridge, Renshou Bridge, Yong 'an Bridge and Fengyuan Double Bridge. South Gate has Fuxing Bridge and Fulan Bridge; There are Tiyun Bridge and Li Ji Bridge in Beizha. These bridges were first built in the Southern Song Dynasty, most of them were built or rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and some of them were engraved with the names of the bridges. [5]
Second, scenic spots
Dongzha District, 200 1, Dongzha Scenic Area of Wuzhen Protection and Development Dongzha Project officially opened to the public. The first phase of the scenic spot is about 0.46 square kilometers, and the protected building area is nearly 60,000 square meters. It is a famous ancient town tourist attraction in China. The scenic spot is 2 kilometers long and consists of Dongzha Old Street, Guanqian Street, Riverside Water Pavilion and Gallery shed. After the completion of the project, Dongzha Scenic Area covers an area of about 0.9 square kilometers and has more than ten scenic spots.
Zhaxi Zhaxi Scenic Area is located in Wuzhen West Street, adjacent to the ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with expressways leading directly to Jiangsu, Suzhou and Tongxiang. The traffic is very convenient. Unlike Dongzha, which takes tourism as its theme, Tashi focuses on business travel and leisure vacation. Zhaxi Scenic Area covers an area of 3.4 square kilometers, with more than 9,000 meters of rivers crisscrossing. There are 72 ancient bridges, and the density of rivers and the number of stone bridges rank first in China. There are 250,000 square meters of exquisite Ming and Qing architecture in the scenic spot. The length of Zhaxi Old Street, which runs across the east and west of the scenic spot, is 1.8 km, and the waterfront pavilions on both sides stretch for more than 1.8 km. The northern part of the scenic spot is a natural wetland of more than 50,000 square meters.
Jiangnan Hundred Beds Museum, the first museum in China dedicated to collecting and displaying ancient beds in the south of the Yangtze River, is located at No.210, Wuzhen East Street, also known as Zhaojiating, with an area of about 1200 square meters, and contains dozens of ancient beds in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times. In the first exhibition hall of the museum, there are: horseshoe foot pipe rack beds in Ming Dynasty, etc. Using wooden frame structure, emphasizing the line image of furniture modeling; In the second exhibition hall, there are beds such as Qing Bu Qian Gong Chuang, which are made of boxwood and are 2 17 cm long, 366 cm deep and 292 cm high. There are three stacks of * * * before and after. It took three years to carve this bed and more than 1000 workers, so it got its name.
Jiangsu and Zhejiang Branch, known as Zhejiang Branch in Ming Dynasty, is a unique government agency in Wuzhen history. He is responsible for patrolling salt and catching thieves, and also manages local lawsuits, commonly known as Er Fu yamen. It lasted more than 370 years from its establishment in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty to its cancellation in the early years of the Republic of China.
Jiangnan Folk Museum shows the folk customs of Wuzhen from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, such as birthday etiquette, marriage and childbearing customs, all the year round and so on. The wax figure created a drama of a wedding and funeral. The costume customs museum shows the folk costume customs of Jiangnan more than 100 years ago through different means such as objects, wax figures and photos. Folk festivals show the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River through the different living customs of Wuzhen people in different solar terms in a year, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Fragrant City, Long Summer Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Water Dragon Festival, Tiangan, Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival, Double Ninth Festival, and ancestor worship from winter to the sun. The wedding custom museum focuses on the wedding ceremony and displays lively wedding scenes through the couple, matchmaker, parents, sedan chair, dowry and other physical figures. The theme of Shousutang is to celebrate the birthday of the elderly, and through the auspicious scenes in the hall and unique birthday items such as calligraphy and painting, birthday cake, birthday peach and birthday noodles.
Jiangnan woodcarving exhibition hall, formerly known as the Xujia mansion in Dongzha, is famous for its exquisite woodcarving. In the main exhibition hall, there are a large number of exquisite ancient wood carving utensils in China. The wood carvings in the Wood Carving Museum are rich in materials, including folklore such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and "Guo Ziyi's Birthday", life scenes such as "fishing", "cricket fighting" and "beating gongs and drums", as well as traditional patterns such as "Dragon and Phoenix auspicious", "Squirrel eating grapes" and "Mei Zhu Lan Ju", which depict the folk customs with local characteristics in the south of the Yangtze River.
Maodun former residence
Yu Liuliang Coin Museum, Yu Liuliang, a native of Wuzhen, is a master of coin collection. He has written more than ten academic monographs such as Spending Money in China, Appreciation and Collection in China, Coins, Coin Essays, Essentials of Coin Science and Coins in Circulation in the World. He has painstakingly collected for 40 years and has nearly 26,000 kinds of coins from more than 230 countries and regions in the world, including metal coins, paper money and pocket money. Materials include gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, aluminum, lead, antimony, pottery, nickel, paper, bamboo, bone, glass, plastic, etc. 15.
Wenchang Pavilion, there is a pavilion in front of the gate of the Academy, named Wenchang Pavilion. Between the academy and the pavilion, there is only a wide Guanqian Street. In the past, when literati went to Wenchang Pavilion, they usually came by boat accompanied by servants. The boat is moored by your river port, the scholar goes upstairs, and the servants sit on the benches on both sides of the aisle to wait on them.
The concept of fixing truth is in Wuzhen, a middle city. In the first year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty (998), Zhang Dongming, a Taoist priest, built a house here, where he realized the Tao and founded the concept of "fixing the truth". Xiuzhen Temple, Suzhou Xuanmiao Temple and Puyuanxiang Yun Guan are also called the three Taoist temples in the south of the Yangtze River, and their status is extremely lofty. There are three entrances to the concept of * * *, one is the mountain gate, the other is the Dongyue Hall, and the third is the Jade Emperor Pavilion. On both sides are the ten halls of Yan, Marshal Wen and the God of Wealth. The square in front of the mountain gate is still wide and spacious. There is a huge abacus hanging above the main entrance of Xiuzhen Temple. The following book is a couplet: people have thousands of calculations, and heaven has a calculation, which is amazing.
Mao Dun's former residence, the only national key cultural relics protection unit in Jiaxing, is located at Guanqian Street 17, east of the river in Wuzhen City, with four bays and two entrances. It is a wooden building with a floor facing south, with a total area of about 450 square meters. The former residence is divided into two units, East and West, which was purchased by Mao Dun's great-grandfather twice. The former residence includes bedroom, study, dining room and other buildings, and the furniture and layout are still the same as when Mao Dun first lived.
The ancient stage, the stage of Xiuzhen Temple, is an affiliated building of Taoist Temple. It was built in the 14th year of Qingganlong (1749), and it was damaged as often as Xiuzhen Temple, but it has been maintained since it was rebuilt in 19 19. The stage covers an area of 204 square meters, facing Guanqian Street of Xiuzhen Temple in the north, Dongshi River in the south and Xinghua Bridge in the east. The stage is a roof built on the hill. The platform has two floors, the bottom is surrounded by masonry, and there are side doors and front doors. The side door leads to the river port, and there is a small ladder behind the ground floor leading to the balcony, or you can get down from the river port to the boat through the flap door. The balcony is divided into two parts, followed by the dressing room; The front is the stage, facing the square.
Huiyuan pawnshop
Between Yingjia Bridge and Nanhua Bridge, there are five facades, upstairs and downstairs, 1.8 meter high counter. According to the Records of Qing Wu Town, there are at most 13 pawn shops in Wuzhen, 19 and 3 1 year, and only 1 pawn shops in Huiyuan are still supporting. The pawnshop is surrounded by high walls, and the foot of the outer wall is built with a stone with a head high, so that thieves can't climb over the wall to dig holes, and there are buildings on the roof that are guarded day and night. The gate is made of thick ginkgo wood, which is not easy to catch fire. It is covered with iron sheet, with solid latch and floor latch inside. Entering the imperial palace is based on loyalty and also has the desire to exorcise evil spirits. The headquarters is the shop lobby, which is a trading place for collecting and exchanging gifts. Except Huiyuan Dang, there are high counters and wooden fences. When the pawnbroker delivers clothes, let the pawnbroker condescend to make an offer lower than others. The counter at the back is the warehouse. In order to prevent fire, the altar and the altar are not connected. There are many seven stone jars filled with water in the courtyard, which are called "Taiping jars". Huiyuan Party was founded by Xu Dong's ninth grandson, Xu Huanzao (Mingxiang) in the Daoguang period.
Third, famous and special products.
Shen Yongchang, the founder of Wuzhen famous silk time-honored brand "Wujin", has a son named Shen. After he inherited his father's business, in order to get rid of the dilemma of traditional wood-based cotton yarn unsalable in the market, after many investigations, he decided to replace traditional products with brocade products.
Silk cotton, Wuzhen is the hometown of sericulture and the center of the Silk House. The produced silk cotton is firm and soft, free from pimples, tendons and impurities, with white color and even as thin as paper. Locals call silk cotton "big loop cotton" or "hand cotton".
Cloth shoes, in the original ecological life of China people, cloth shoes are indispensable. Wuzhen cloth shoes are hand-made cloth shoes with thousands of soles.
Wuzhen comb is rich in products such as bamboo, wood, horns and horns. Combs with different shapes and functions are formed in the hands of craftsmen through a whole set of processes of material selection, mold opening, shaping and planing, which are natural and have health care effects.
Wuzhen
Hubi, Wuzhen belongs to Huzhou in history, and its manufacturing technology is very popular here. Hu Bi is made from the hair of goats, weasels, rabbits and other animals, and has four characteristics: sharp, neat, round and healthy.
White water fish, a wild fish in Wuzhen waters, grows in pollution-free rivers, with tender and delicious meat, which is a rare freshwater treasure.
Handmade sauce, China is the country with the earliest origin of soy sauce production, with a history of more than 2,000 years, all of which are naturally fermented. In the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1859), Tao Xuchang, a native of the town, founded Xuchang Sauce Garden in his own name, which is the earliest record in Wuzhen.
Soy sauce garden
Sanjiu wine Sanjiu wine is a fine wine of Wuzhen people, and its natural raw materials are handmade. What is Sanjiu liquor? "Qing Wu Town Records" said: "It is made of white rice, white flour and white water, so it has its name". Besides 55℃ Sanjiu liquor, Sanjiu also produces 12℃ white glutinous rice wine and 4℃ sweet liquor.
Sister-in-law cake and Wuzhen Sister-in-law cake are the traditional famous spots in Wuzhen, Tongxiang. According to the records of Wuqin Town, it has a history of 100 years. According to folklore, it was formed by a quarrel between two sisters-in-law, hence the name "Sister-in-law Cake", which looks like a chess piece cake and is slightly larger than it.
Smoked bean tea, also known as baked bean tea, is mainly smoked beans, with auxiliary materials such as osmanthus fragrans, fried sesame seeds, dried tangerine peel, shredded radish, perilla frutescens, and fried arborvitae seeds. Therefore, Wuzhen people have the saying of "eating tea".
Raw iron pot, 1866, blacksmith Ji Shen opened a smelting workshop in Wuzhen, which was the beginning of smelting industry in Wuzhen and the only smelting workshop in western Zhejiang. Shenyang's exquisite smelting technology has been preserved to this day. In today's Yichang Smelter, craftsmen are still using traditional smelting and casting processes to make ironware. In the past, the booming coal was changed to electric furnace for ironmaking, and the bellows fan was changed to blower for combustion. The material is high-quality pure pig iron, and the production process is the same as that of the ancestors.
Chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium is not actually produced in Hangzhou. Tongxiang City was named "China Chrysanthemum Town" by the Ministry of Agriculture in May, 1999, and its output accounted for more than 90% of the whole country. It is the origin of chrysanthemum in China and enjoys the reputation of "Chrysanthemum Longjing Tea". Chrysanthemum morifolium, also known as chamomile, is a traditional cultivated medicinal plant in China and one of the eight famous medicinal materials in Zhejiang Province.
Blue calico, commonly known as "lime calico" and "calico blue cloth", is a traditional folk craft in China. Printing with cotton thread, bean powder scraping and blue grass juice is purely hand-made and environmentally friendly. The main products are ready-made clothes, triangular headscarves, teacup mats, folding fans, tablecloths, door curtains, umbrellas, mobile phone bags, wallets, backpacks and various pictographic pendants.
Woodcarving and bamboo carving, Wuzhen's handicrafts are very developed, from daily bamboo and wood products to handicrafts, which reflect the cleverness and dexterity of Wuzhen people.
There is a legend about the origin of Ding Sheng cake in Wuzhen. It is said that it is a special snack made by the people of Wuzhen in ancient times to welcome the soldiers returning from the war. Ding Sheng cake is crimson, symbolizing the victory of the war. Later, because Wuzhen was proud of reading since ancient times, in ancient times, scholars took the first place in the exam, and relatives and friends had to make several cages of cakes to express their good wishes to be the champion.
Ding Sheng cake is lotus-shaped, the outer layer is refined fragrant rice and glutinous rice flour, the rice flour is delicate and uniform, the inside is red bean paste, and there is a small amount of sugar and osmanthus in the middle.
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