Taoist drama was originally a popular folk drama in the Yellow River valley. It originated from Jing Yun sung by Taoist priests in the Tang Dynasty. Because the music songs sung by Taoist priests were accompanied by fish skin drums, they were called "Taoist feelings of fishing drums" in ancient times, commonly known as "Taoist feelings packages".
Popular in northern Anhui in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it merged with the folk tune "Yinggeliu" in Fuyang area to form the art of Quyi rap. At that time, singing was limited to stand-up rap, accompanied by portable fishing drums and simple wooden boards.
In the Song Dynasty, Daoqing developed into a folk art form of "Daoqing Guci". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the rap Taoist sentiment spread in northern Shaanxi was put on the stage of opera and became a kind of opera deeply loved by local audiences.
Before and after the Taoist sentiment in northern Shaanxi was put on the stage of drama, the Taoist sentiment in Linxian County, which was popular in western Shanxi, was also put on the stage, and the Taoist sentiment in Hongdong, which was popular in southwestern Shanxi, was put on the stage twice in Xianfeng and Xuantong years. Since then, Taoist dramas such as Hedong Daoqing, Zhoukou Daoqing in Henan and Languan Opera in Shandong, which are popular in Jinnan, Shanxi, have also developed into stage plays.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Taoism was introduced into Zhoukou Taikang from Shenqiu and Dancheng. Influenced by local operas such as Henan Bangzi and Yuediao, Taoist artists began to try duet and group singing. The theme broke through the original Taoist story and expanded to the range of short parents, talented people and beautiful women. Actors are generally divided into roles, but they don't wear makeup and have no obvious business. They are called "sharing Taoist feelings", which is the gestation stage of Taoist drama.
Taoist drama is mainly based on singing, with more lyrics and less white words in the script. Handed down, there are hundreds of lyrics. There are both banqiang and Qupai in his vocals, and the main plates are adagio, running water, cutting board, going through the scene, single play, double play, crying to death, crying to live, overlapping, rolling white and so on. Qupai includes "Lock Branches" and "Old Powder".
When singing Taoist operas, both men and women sing with their true voices and articulate. There are overlapping sentences when singing Barr or Running Water, and there are lining words such as "Where to call happiness" and "Where to call happiness". Its simple tunes and easy-to-understand lyrics are deeply loved by the masses. The accompaniment instruments of Taikang Taoist drama have gradually changed from the original fishing drum and simple board to two Hu drops. However, its beard is different from the general beard. Its tube is big and short, with a waist size in the middle, which sounds like an erhu. Later, pipa, sanxian, sheng, suona and some national plucked instruments also joined the accompaniment.
There are many schools of Taoist sentiment in Taikang, and the repertoire is rich. According to statistics, there are more than 30 kinds of tunes and tunes, including three categories and five varieties. These three categories are singing, performance and music; The five varieties are vocal music school, performance program, music system, music brand tune and percussion.
The formation of these categories of Taikang Daoqing includes both inherited folk art and sister art, and finally forms the unique characteristics of Taikang Daoqing.
Taoist drama music can be divided into four categories. Strings: Daoqing Hu, Erhu, Hu Da and Zhonghu; Wind music: suona, sheng, flute; Plucked music: Sasha Vujacic, Brown Ruan, Sanxian, Zheng; Percussion: drums, big palm drums, small drums, gongs, cymbals, hinges, cymbals, fishing drums, wooden bangers, chimes, etc.
The performance, makeup and costumes of Taikang Daoqing are not much different from other operas. The main difference is that Taoism pays attention to singing and is good at comedy. Its actors don't learn martial arts, and there is no martial arts in the class.
At first, there was no strict distinction between Taoism and emotion. Apart from birth, birth and being played by professional actors, there is no fixed occupation for cleanliness, ugliness and end. There is no difference between a big painted face, a black face, a copper hammer, a shelf and a painted face. The clown just added some funny coloratura interlayer and clever vibrato to the voice cavity.
With the development of the times, the role of Taoism has been divided into quite fine. According to the age and personality of the characters in the play, the life line is subdivided into old students, young students, martial arts students and red students. Danhang is divided into Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, Cai Dan, Lao Dan, Podan and Guimendan. Ugly behavior is divided into clown, old ugly, official ugly, female ugly, ugly and so on.
There are nearly 100 traditional dramas of Taoist drama, such as Gong Liu Case, The Story of Gold Bracelet and Yuhuan, Dahongpao, The Story of Laundry, The Story of Bees, Little Kunshan, Three Talented Scholars, and Lu Bu's No.1 Scholar.
Later, traditional plays were arranged and adapted, such as Beating the Sound of Wan Jian, Persuading Neighbors, Wang Jindou Borrowing Grain and Standing on the Flower Wall. Transplanted plays include Three Visits to Otome, Mismatch, Lapras, Three Crys, Kneeling in the Wedding Room, etc.
Tao Qing's "Beating Lovers" stills