According to legend, folk songs began with wooden passengers (that is, lumberjacks). In The Book of Songs and Logging in Xiaoya, it is said that logging is tintin and birds are singing; ..... let it ring and ask for its friendly voice. It shows that from ancient times to the present, loggers are good at singing, and folk songs begin with labor. Scholars in the past dynasties in Xingguo often describe Shangluo mountain folk singing folk songs. Xingguo folk song's first word, ouch, is a lumberjack's sigh stretched out at work or after work.
Xingguo folk song used to be the horn of battle. It rose to fame in the struggle between blood and fire more than half a century ago and played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the red regime. In the early 1930s, the soldiers and civilians in Jiangxi Soviet area carried out five counter-campaigns under extremely difficult conditions. When women in Xingguo County send their relatives to the front, they will send newly-made straw sandals and newly-made folk songs. Oh, come on. The sound of gunfire has reached the battle horn. Play a folk song. Fight to the death with the enemy, red army brothers! Call Nanchang, Fuzhou. The warm and unrestrained singing stirred the hearts of the soldiers, and they answered with folk songs: Oh, here we are! Folk songs come from Xingguo city, and every sentence is touching. The soldiers ahead are so excited, comrades! Kill the enemy more forcefully. One folk song after another, the people and the army encourage each other. Singing has become a force for struggle, inspiring people to fight bravely.
With the wave of reform and opening up, xingguo folk song has released unprecedented brilliance. Xingguo County regards the revitalization of xingguo folk song and the construction of the hometown of folk songs as the leader of cultural construction and the indispensable spiritual food for the people, which makes xingguo folk song unprecedentedly prosperous. In the form of singing, it developed from solo and duet to chorus, chorus and chorus, and also created a new kind of drama-xingguo folk song Opera. The cultural department has set up more than 20 amateur folk song singing teams, which are active in various towns all the year round.
In order to inherit and develop this cultural treasure, Xingguo takes revitalizing xingguo folk song and building the hometown of folk songs as the leader of cultural construction. Cultural workers went deep into the countryside all the year round, digging, sorting and collecting more than 50,000 folk songs, and selected songs 1420, which were compiled into Selected Works of xingguo folk song and Sequel of Selected Works of xingguo folk song, published and distributed, and compiled 5,400 local materials of xingguo folk song, and produced TV feature films such as DVD of xingguo folk song and Double School Tide in the Hometown of Folk Songs.
Xingguo County established the first professional folk song troupe in China, and its large-scale folk song "Love of Folk Songs" was a sensation in Beijing, winning the Five One Project Award, the Fourth Wenhua Award and the first Cao Yu Drama Literature Award in one fell swoop. Xingguo folk song, full of earthy fragrance, ascended the highest hall of art. Chongyang folk song festival has become a grand cultural festival for rejuvenating the country.
On May 20th, 2006, xingguo folk song was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Folk song is a kind of folk song, and its origin should be the labor and life of ancient ancestors. The origin of xingguo folk song can also be traced back to ancient labor scenes. In China's earliest collection of folk songs "The Book of Songs", there is a song "Logging in Xiaoya", in which my brother sings that logging is Tintin and birds are singing; ..... let it ring and ask for its friendly voice. It shows that ancient loggers sang loudly like birds in the sound of axes. The purpose of their singing is to communicate with their friends during the break. The origin of xingguo folk song originated from this labor scene of logging.
As early as the pre-Qin period, in Shangluo mountain area of Xingguo county, there lived such a group of lumberjacks who called themselves "muke". According to "Xingguo County Records" (Tongzhi County Records reprinted, page 5 12), "There are wooden guests in Shangluo Mountain. Like a person, language is like a person. See clearly from a distance, but hide close. It is said that people who built Epang Palace to collect wood in the Qin Dynasty could not die if they ate wood. Can cut Chinese fir, exchange knives and axes with people. Those who go through the customs put things under the box, but they can't avoid them. Wooden guests find things, give them to others, see how many things they have, and believe them themselves. There are the dead and the sad. Some people walk on the mountains, and they eat and drink on the day of their burial. There is graphite in the mountains. " According to the literature, these woodcutters are not mountain savages. They not only have the same image as us, but also have similar language, and they can read and write with graphite. Like others, they use metal tools to cut down trees, process them into materials and trade with outsiders. I just don't want to communicate directly with outsiders and hide in the mountains. Judging from this passage, the wooden guest of Xingguo is the survivor of the six countries of Qin who escaped the firewood collection in Epang Palace. They returned to Ganjiang, fled into Xingguo Mountain, escaped from the barriers of Qin people and became free tribes living in seclusion in the mountains. So they are afraid to communicate directly with the outside world, afraid of being discovered by Qin Jun, and then being hunted down and enslaved. Therefore, the wooden guest should be a Han Chinese who moved south from the Central Plains, and has similar origins with Taohuayuan people in Wuling, Hunan. The difference is that although Taohuayuan people lost their way and never saw each other again, they had Tao Yuanming as a note and told their families. The wooden guest of rejuvenating the country did not attract people's attention until Su Dongpo mentioned it in his poems in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are also songs handed down from generation to generation by woodcutter in Shangluo mountain forest. According to the Jin Dynasty document Nankang Ji, wooden guests went out to buy wine and drinks. After drinking wine, they sang such a song: wine is not for sale, but I'll give it when the pot falls down. The city is full of noise, and the mountains are bright and bright. This ballad was later recorded by the literati in the whole Tang Dynasty, and because there was no author, it became a "hermit". This is actually a folk song sung casually by a wooden guest. We can restore this poem to the form of folk songs: Alas, don't buy any more food and wine if it's gone, and return it when the bottom of the pot is empty; The city should not be quiet in the mountains, and the bright moon is easy to sing.
Alas, my cousin Xingguo loves singing. Folk songs, like mountain springs, keep flowing into rivers. When and where did the famous xingguo folk song come from? In the past, some folk artists in Xingguo County often used the phrase "The Tang Dynasty rose, the Song Dynasty rose, and the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties sang" in their lyrics, so in the past, some people thought that Xingguo folk songs originated in the Tang Dynasty and began to rise in the Song Dynasty, and reached their peak after the development of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although this understanding is not unreasonable, its source is not accurate.
Although Xingguo County was founded in the Three Kingdoms, it was not a direct continuation between Pinggu County and Pingyang County at that time and Xingguo County today, with many intervals and far apart jurisdictions. Xingguo is located in a remote place. Before the Tang Dynasty, it was sparsely populated. Because of the second migration in the war between the late Tang and Five Dynasties and the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the population began to multiply. Therefore, it is not surprising that folk artists mistakenly believe that folk songs originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.
"The Whole Tang Poetry" also recorded another mushan song called "Answering People": I occasionally came to sleep under a pine tree with a high pillow and a stone. There is no calendar in the mountains, and I don't know what month the cold used to be. This ballad is obviously sung by wooden guests when they are curious about outsiders' life experience. If simplified into a folk song, it should be like this: Oh, I don't know where I got it. The tree is used as a house stone as a pillow. Sleep and forget the time. There has been no spring in winter for thousands of years. Wooden guests obviously avoid answering their own stories, because their stories are related to historical trauma. Faced with countless curious inquiries, they just prevaricated with such a broad-minded folk song. These two ballads are the earliest xingguo folk song forms we can find. Judging from the records of ancient woodcutter in Xingguo and the two ballads left by "Tai Shang Lao Jun" in the whole Tang poetry, we can basically conclude that the origin of xingguo folk song is as long as the migration of Hakka ancestors to the south. After the Han people in the Central Plains moved to Shangluo Mountain in Xingguo, they created this artistic expression in their logging career and spread this artistic means to this day through the land and water of Xingguo. Folk singers in Xingguo have always respected Mu Ke as their ancestors, with a history of more than 2,000 years. Where did the wooden guests go after that? Su Dongpo once visited the wooden guests in the Song Dynasty, but failed.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more scholars looking for wooden guests. Gong Huang, a native of Qianshan, Anhui Province in the Qing Dynasty, came to Xingguo as a county magistrate and wrote the poem "Mu Yinke": "My father is Yan Yu, and sometimes there are firewood collectors; Year after year, I went to Los Angeles, and the timber was delayed ... Today, the son of heaven enlightened and collected everything. It is said that mountain people go out without service. " (Quoted from & gt Gong Huang thought that the wooden guest was afraid to come out because he was afraid of blackmail by the imperial court. He asked the elders in the village to send a message to them, saying that now the world is at peace, and the wooden guests can come out with peace of mind, and there is no need to work hard anymore. Gong county magistrate looked at the wooden guest with pity. Another scholar, Zhou Yihuang's poem Mu Yin Ke, said: "I brought wine to its mountain and poured the pot to make the moon like yesterday." (Quoted from page & gt490), he praised the wooden guest with appreciation. In fact, after being discovered by outsiders in the Tang Dynasty, the wooden guest gradually assimilated with the Hakka people who moved later. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Xingguo county magistrate Zhang Shangying personally visited the countryside. He found some villagers who claimed to be descendants of muke and asked them for genealogy. He found that there were no detailed records in their genealogy, but they were proud to be descendants of wooden guests. Until modern times, many farmers in Yongfeng Township and Longping Township in the southwest of Xingguo County still claimed to be "the home of wooden guests".