Although Sichuan Basin is surrounded by mountains and plateaus on all sides, several valleys between mountains and plains have become a unique corridor for Bashu's foreign exchange. In the west of the basin are the Minjiang River, Yalong River, Dadu River and Jinsha River basins, which pass through the Hengduan Mountains, and the accessible valleys become the north-south corridors for the migration of ancient frontier strongmen. In the east of the basin, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is an exit. Jianmen Shudao (Jinniu Road) in the north of the basin leads directly to Qin Long, and Jialing River Valley leads directly to Hanzhong. Qingjiang river basin to the east of the basin, Jianghan plain to the north and Xiangxi mountain area to the south. It is based on this geographical feature that the ancestors of Bashu have been compatible with the cultures of North and South, East and West since ancient times, making Sichuan Basin a cornucopia of farming culture and nomadic culture. Bashu culture has a strong radiation ability, which not only permeates and influences the cultures of the Central Plains, Chu and Qin, but also radiates the Yelang culture in Yunnan and Guizhou and the Yi and Nanzhao cultures in Kunming, reaching as far as the mainland of Southeast Asia, and has a far-reaching and lasting impact on Southeast Asia in terms of metal wares and tomb shapes.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Shuangliu people wrote "Life in China" and once said: "Chengdu is the best place to enjoy tourism, with a vast territory and a large population, rich products, which are vulgar and entertaining." Vulgar enjoyment is a major feature of Bashu people. Therefore, Bashu developed tourism customs very early and reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties. As far as Chengdu is concerned, there are 23 fixed recreational activities all year round, such as swimming in rivers, mountains, temples or villages, and they are often group trips, which are combined with song and dance entertainment, sports competitions and commercial activities, with rich cultural connotations. Bashu mountains and rivers have been known as "Xiongxian Youxiu" since ancient times: Wulong Fairy Mountain, Jinfo Mountain, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and Kuimen are the best in the world. Through contemporary development, the characteristics of "magic and magnificence" have been added today: the magic of Jiuzhaigou landscape, the magnificence of Huanglong landscape, the interest of panda world and the strangeness of dinosaur world, which are the greatest feelings of today's tourists. From the route, there are Jiuzhai, Huanglong, Siguniang Mountain and Gongga Mountain in the northwest, Jianmen Shudao in the north, Three Gorges scenery in the east, Bamboo Sea scenery in the south of Sichuan and Lugu Lake in the south. The overall landscape layout of Bashu is sparse and dense, such as gold thread piercing pearls and pearls full of pots, and almost every county has tourist attractions.
The most striking feature of Bashu tourist routes is the beautiful natural landscape, which often contains profound cultural connotations of Wenchang. For example, Jianmen Shudao is rich in the Shu-Han culture of the Three Kingdoms, the Wenchang culture of Zitong and the cultural connotation of Wu Zetian's hometown. Jiuzhai-Huanglong Line has the connotations of Qiang people's Shijie culture, Yu Xia culture, ancient Shu-Minshan culture and Three Kingdoms Shu-Han culture. Lugu Lake has the cultural connotation of "matriarchal kingdom"; The first line of Three Gorges is a treasure house of ancient culture. This is the enduring charm of Bashu tourism. The central relic of Shu and Han culture in the Three Kingdoms is Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. Wuhou Temple was originally the tomb of Liu Bei, and was dedicated to Liu Bei's Han Zhaolie.
The temple in Zhugewu Township and the place where the Houmiao Temple are worshipped together make us deeply realize the accumulation of history and culture.
Yongling Mausoleum is the only mausoleum built in China and protruding from the ground. After scientific excavation for tourists to visit, it can arouse people's interest in the secrets of imperial tombs. Topographically, Bashu Basin is a "country with four blockades", and the traffic in ancient times was very difficult, so Li Bai lamented that "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and get to the sky". This closed terrain will definitely have a greater impact on the closure of Bashu culture as an agricultural civilization. But it is precisely because of this that it in turn inspired the determination and courage of Bashu ancestors to explore abroad and strive to improve their own environment. Therefore, the integration of environment and culture has created the historical personality of Bashu ancestors who were open in the closed and closed in the open. With the passage of time, openness and compatibility have finally become the biggest feature of Bashu culture.
The biggest obstacle to the communication between Bashu culture and Qinlong culture is the Qinling Mountains in the north. However, with amazing courage, the ancestors of Bashu created superb plank road technology, broke the geographical blockade of the basin and overcame the narrow closure. The fairy story that King Shu sent five Ding Lishi to clear the way to meet the golden bull and five beautiful women sent by King Qin Huiwen is a vivid embodiment of ancient cultural exchanges. The plank road is a great invention of Bashu people. Sima Qian believes that the closure of Bashu's "Four Fortress Country" is achieved by "a long road, which is beyond redemption", which is a very accurate historian's vision.
In order to break through the closure, the ancient Shu ancestors invented the plank road and published "Ruxiang Bridge". There are many kinds of cable bridges. Up to now, the sliding cable netting rattan bridge in Tibetan areas, the bamboo cable bridge on Minshan Mountain, the knot bridge in northwest Yunnan, the early Zhupu bridge in Dujiangyan and the early iron cable bridge in Panzhihua all reflect the wisdom of the ancestors of Bashu in opening to the outside world. As early as 4,000 years ago, there were several passages leading from the south to the coast and to Myanmar and India in today's Sichuan Basin. Some important archaeological discoveries, such as seashells and ivory unearthed in Sanxingdui, conch and ivory unearthed in Daxi culture, and glass beads unearthed in Mao Wen and Tushan in Chongqing, are not locally produced, but come from the South China Sea in the North Indian Ocean, which fully proves that the ancestors of Bashu had communication and exchanges with the southern world. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian discovered the story of Qiongzhuzhang and Shubu in summer, indicating that there was a passage from Bashu to India (the ancient poison country) and then to West Asia. This passage has been followed by modern historians by the convention of the "Silk Road" and is called the "Southern Silk Road".
There are two main routes of the Southern Silk Road: one is the West Road, namely "Niulu Road". It starts from Chengdu, passes through Lin Qiong (Qiongzhou), Tsing Yi (Ya 'an), Flue (Yingjing), Yaoniu (Hanyuan), Lanxian (Yuexi), Du Qiong (Xichang) and Yu Ye (Dali) to Yongchang (Baoshan), and then to Myitkyina or bhamo, and enters Myanmar and Southeast Asia. This road can reach the elephant country of "Yunnan and Vietnam" as far as possible, and may reach India and Bangladesh.
The other is the host country, which is called "Wuchi Road". It starts from Chengdu, goes to Bodao (Yibin), Nanguang (Gaoxian), Zhuti (Zhaotong), wei county (Qujing) and Guchang (Kunming), and then enters Vietnam all the way, overlapping with Yongniu Road. Judging from the documents available at present, the famous figure of the ancient Shu ancestors who took this route first was Wang Anyang, who moved south after Qin destroyed Shu. King Anyang led 30,000 people along this route into the Red River area in northern Vietnam, and established the Luo 'ou country, which is the "Shu country" in Vietnamese history.